Ali Ben Abu Talib (656-661) (1st Imam)
al-Hasan (661-669) (2nd Imam)
al-Husayn (669-680) (3rd Imam)
Ali Zayn al-'Abidin (680-713) (4th Imam)
Muhammad al-Baqir (713-733) (5th Imam)
Ja'far al-Sadiq (733-765)
(or Jafar ibn Muhammad) (6th Imam)
(Ismailis, Isma'iliyyah)
(Sevener Shi'ites)
Ismail (died before, 760,)
(7th imam, last for Ismailis)
or Muhammad, his son
(either is considered to still be alive, hiding)
(Fatimids) (through Ismail)
Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi (909- )
al-Qa'im
al-Mansur -972)
Moizz (972- )
Al-Hakim (3rd Fatimid Caliph)
Abu 'Ali al-Mansur al-Hakim (985-1021)
(6th Fatimid Caliph)
al-Mustansir ( -1094)
al-Mustali (1094- ) began Musta'liyyah
he killed brother, Nizar, began Nizariyyah, Nizaris, Khojas
( -1171)
(overthrown by Saladin 1171)
(but endures as the Druzes)
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Twelver Shi'ites, Imamiyyah
(Ithna Ashariyya)
Musa al-Kazim (765-799) (7th imam)
'Ali al-Rida (799-818) (8th Imam)
Muhammad al-Jawad (818-835) (9th Imam)
'ali al-Hadi (835-868) (10th Imam)
al-Hasan al-'Askari (868-874) (11th Imam)
had student ibn Nusayr (d.868), began Nusayris, Nusayriyyah
Muhammad al-Mahdi (12th Imam, last)
(considered to still be alive, hiding)
(Buwayhids)
(945- )
Adid ( -1171)
(conquered by Saladin 1171)
Ayyubids
Saladin (1171-1193)
al-Adil (1193-1218)
al-Kamil (1218-1238)
( -1249)
(conquered by Mamelukes 1249)
(Babis)
(1830- )
Ali Muhammad Shirazi ( -1850), started Babism
Mirza Husayn Ali Nuri (c.1863), started Ba'hai
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.
(c. 650 - c.720)
Often called the Puritans of Islam, as they demanded purity of conscience
as well as body. They tended to brand everyone who did not agree with
them as unbelievers. A sub-sect, the Azraqites, believed in such
rigid following of the Koran as to massacre large groups of Muslims
who had allegedly committed grave sins. Interestingly, Kharijites were
very tolerant of non-Muslims.
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Umayyad Caliphs (661-750)
- Muawiyah I ibn Abu Sufyan (661-680)
related to Uthman
- Yazid I ibn Muawiyah (680-683)
- Muawiya II ibn Yazid (683-684)
- Marwan I (684-685)
- Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (685-705)
- al-Walid I ibn Abd al-Malik (705-715)
- Suleiman ibn Abd al-Malik (715-717)
- Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz (717-720)
- Yazid II ibn Abd al-Malik (720-724)
- Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik (724-743)
- al-Walid II ibn Abd al-Malik (743-744)
- Yazid III ibn Abd al-Malik (744)
- Ibrahim ibn Abd al-Malik (744)
- Marwan II (744-750)
(end of Umayyad)
(conquered by Abbasids 750)
Umayyad Caliphs of Cordoba
(Spanish Umayyads) (929-1031)
- Abd-ar-rahman I, escaped to Spain, 756-788
- Abd-ar-rahman III, as caliph, 929-961
- Al-Hakam II, 961-976
- Hisham II, 976-1008
- civil war (1008-1028)
- Mohammed II, 1008-1009
- Suleiman, 1009-1010
- Hisham II, restored, 1010-1012
- Suleiman, restored, 1012-1017
- Abd-ar-rahman IV, 1021-1022
- Abd-ar-rahman V, 1022-1023
- Muhammad III, 1023-1024
- Hisham III, 1027-1031
Abbasid Caliphs of Baghdad (750-1258)
descendants of Prophet's uncle Abbas
Sunnites
- Abu'l Abbas Al-Saffah 750-754
- Al-Mansur 754-775
- Al-Mahdi 775-785
- Al-Hadi 785-786
- Harun al-Rashid 786-809
- Al-Amin 809-813
- Al-Ma'mun 813-833
- Al-Mu'tasim 833-842
- Al-Wathiq 842-847
- Al-Mutawakkil 847-861
- Al-Muntasir 861-862
- Al-Musta'in 862-866
- Al-Mu'tazz 866-869
- Al-Muhtadi 869-870
- Al-Mu'tamid 870-892
- Al-Mu'tadid 892-902
- Al-Muktafi 902-908
- ??? (908, one day)
- Al-Muqtadir 908-932
- Al-Qahir 932-934
- Al-Radi 934-940
- Al-Muttaqi 940-944
- Al-Mustakfi 944-946
- (by about 950, very little power)
- Al-Muti 946-974
- Al-Ta'i 974-991
- Al-Qadir 991-1031
- Al-Qa'im 1031-1075
- Al-Muqtadi 1075-1094
- Al-Mustazhir 1094-1118
- Al-Mustarshid 1118-1135
- Al-Rashid 1135-1136
- Al-Muqtafi 1136-1160
- Al-Mustanjid 1160-1170
- Al-Mustadi 1170-1180
- An-Nasir 1180-1225
- Az-Zahir 1225-1226
- Al-Mustansir 1226-1242
- Al-Musta'sim 1242-1258
- (conquered by Mongols in 1258)
(Mamelukes)
(first Dynasty, Bahri) (1250-1382)
(second Dynasty, Burji) (1382-1517)
[two Caliphs, but just symbolic]
(defeated by Selim, 1517)
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