The Council of Ephesus (431), the third ecumenical council of the Christian church was significant for its dogmatic decrees on the position of the Virgin Mary in the celestial hierarchy and on the nature of the incarnation of Jesus Christ. El Consejo de Éfeso (431), el tercer consejo ecuménico de la iglesia cristiana fue importante para su dogmática decretos sobre la posición de la Virgen María en la jerarquía celestial y de la naturaleza de la encarnación de Jesucristo. It was convened by the Eastern Roman Emperor Theodosius II with the approval of Pope Celestine I in order to respond to the teachings of Nestorius that Mary be considered only the "mother of Christ" and not the "mother of God" (see Nestorianism). Fue convocado por el emperador romano Teodosio Oriental II, con la aprobación del Papa Celestino I, a fin de responder a las enseñanzas de Nestorius que María sólo se considera la "madre de Cristo" y no la "madre de Dios" (véase Nestorianismo). After lengthy debates continuing even after the end of the council, the pope's representative, Cyril of Alexandria, reached an accord in which the appellation "mother of God," formally decreed by the council, was accepted by all. Después de largos debates continua incluso después del final de la consejo, el representante del papa, Cirilo de Alejandría, llegó a un acuerdo en el que la denominación "madre de Dios", decretado oficialmente por el consejo, fue aceptada por todos. The council also refined the dogma on the human and divine aspects of Jesus, now declared to be of two separate natures though perfectly united in Christ. El consejo también perfeccionó el dogma sobre lo humano y divino aspectos de Jesús, ahora declarados de dos naturalezas, aunque perfectamente unidos en Cristo.
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Ephesus was the capital of proconsular Asia, which was the western part of Asia Minor. Éfeso fue la capital de Asia proconsular, que fue la parte occidental de Asia Menor. It was colonized principally from Athens. Se colonizados principalmente de Atenas. In the time of the Romans it bore the title of "the first and greatest metropolis of Asia." En el tiempo de los romanos que llevaba el título de "la primera y más grande metrópolis de Asia." It was distinguished for the Temple of Diana (qv), who there had her chief shrine; and for its theatre, which was the largest in the world, capable of containing 50,000 spectators. Fue distinguido por el Templo de Diana (qv), que su jefe se había santuario, y para su teatro, que fue la más grande del mundo, capaz de contener 50000 espectadores. It was, like all ancient theatres, open to the sky. Fue, como todos los antiguos teatros, abierta al cielo. Here were exhibited the fights of wild beasts and of men with beasts. Aquí se expusieron las luchas de bestias salvajes y de los hombres con las bestias. (Comp. 1 Cor. 4:9; 9:24, 25; 15:32.) Many Jews took up their residence in this city, and here the seeds of the gospel were sown immediately after Pentecost (Acts 2:9; 6:9). (Comp. 1 Cor. 4:9, 9:24, 25, 15:32.) Muchos Judios asumió su residencia en esta ciudad, y aquí la semilla del evangelio se sembraron inmediatamente después de Pentecostés (Hechos 2:9 6; : 9).
At the close of his second missionary journey (about AD 51), when Paul was returning from Greece to Syria (18:18-21), he first visited this city. Al término de su segundo viaje misionero (cerca de 51 dC), cuando Pablo regresaba de Grecia a Siria (18:18-21), que visitó por primera vez esta ciudad. He remained, however, for only a short time, as he was hastening to keep the feast, probably of Pentecost, at Jerusalem; but he left Aquila and Priscilla behind him to carry on the work of spreading the gospel. Se mantuvo, sin embargo, por poco tiempo, ya que fue acelerando a la fiesta, probablemente de Pentecostés, en Jerusalén, pero dejó Aquila y Priscila detrás de él para llevar a cabo la labor de difundir el evangelio. During his third missionary journey Paul reached Ephesus from the "upper coasts" (Acts 19:1), ie, from the inland parts of Asia Minor, and tarried here for about three years; and so successful and abundant were his labours that "all they which dwelt in Asia heard the word of the Lord Jesus, both Jews and Greeks" (19:10). Durante su tercer viaje misionero Pablo llegó a Éfeso de la "superior costas" (Hechos 19:1), es decir, desde el interior de Asia Menor, y de aquí para atrás unos tres años, y tanto éxito y abundantes fueron sus trabajos que "todas las Que el que habitó en Asia escucha de la palabra del Señor Jesús, ambos Judios y griegos "(19:10). Probably during this period the seven churches of the Apocalypse were founded, not by Paul's personal labours, but by missionaries whom he may have sent out from Ephesus, and by the influence of converts returning to their homes. Probablemente, durante este período de las siete iglesias del Apocalipsis fueron fundadas, y no por Paul personales de trabajo, sino por los que los misioneros pueden haber enviado de Éfeso, y por la influencia de los conversos que regresan a sus hogares.
On his return from his journey, Paul touched at Miletus, some 30 miles south of Ephesus (Acts 20:15), and sending for the presbyters of Ephesus to meet him there, he delivered to them that touching farewell charge which is recorded in Acts 20:18-35. A su regreso de su viaje, Paul tocó en Mileto, a unos 30 kilómetros al sur de Éfeso (Hechos 20:15), y para el envío de presbyters de Éfeso de reunirse con él allí, que se les entreguen de despedida que tocar cargo, que se registra en Hechos 20:18-35. Ephesus is not again mentioned till near the close of Paul's life, when he writes to Timothy exhorting him to "abide still at Ephesus" (1 Tim. 1:3). Éfeso no es mencionado de nuevo hasta cerca del final de la vida de Pablo, cuando escribe a Timoteo le exhortando a "respetar aún en Efeso" (1 Tim. 1:3). Two of Paul's companions, Trophimus and Tychicus, were probably natives of Ephesus (Acts 20:4; 21:29; 2 Tim. 4:12). Dos de los compañeros de Pablo, Trophimus y Tychicus, fueron probablemente los nativos de Éfeso (Hechos 20:4, 21:29, 2 Tim. 4:12). In his second epistle to Timothy, Paul speaks of Onesiphorus as having served him in many things at Ephesus (2 Tim. 1:18). En su segunda epístola a Timoteo, Pablo habla de Onesiphorus haber servido como él en muchas cosas en Efeso (2 Tim. 1:18). He also "sent Tychicus to Ephesus" (4:12), probably to attend to the interests of the church there. También "Tychicus enviada a Éfeso" (4:12), probablemente para atender a los intereses de la iglesia. Ephesus is twice mentioned in the Apocalypse (1:11; 2:1). Éfeso es mencionado dos veces en el Apocalipsis (1:11; 2:1). The apostle John, according to tradition, spent many years in Ephesus, where he died and was buried. El Apóstol Juan, según la tradición, pasó muchos años en Éfeso, donde murió y fue enterrado. A part of the site of this once famous city is now occupied by a small Turkish village, Ayasaluk, which is regarded as a corruption of the two Greek words, hagios theologos; ie, "the holy divine." Una parte del sitio de una vez esta famosa ciudad es ahora ocupado por un pequeño pueblo turco, Ayasaluk, que se considera la corrupción como una de las dos palabras griegas, hagios theologos, es decir, "la santa divina".
(Easton Illustrated Dictionary) (Diccionario Ilustrado Easton)
Nestorius , who had been condemned in a council at Rome on 11 August 430, asked the emperor Theodosius II to summon this council. Nestorius, que habían sido condenados en un consejo en Roma el 11 de agosto de 430, preguntó el emperador Teodosio II a citar a este consejo. The emperor therefore decided to summon it together with his co-emperor Valentinian III and with the agreement of Pope Celestine I . Theodosius's letter of 19 November 430 requested all those who had been summoned to be present at Ephesus on 7 June 431, the feast of Pentecost. El emperador, por lo tanto, decidió citar a que junto con su co-emperador Valentinian III y con el acuerdo del Papa Celestino I. Teodosio la carta de 19 de noviembre de 430 pidió a todos los que habían sido convocados a estar presentes en Éfeso, el 7 de junio 431, la fiesta de Pentecostés.
On 22 June, however, El 22 de junio, sin embargo,
Shortly afterwards John of Antioch and the easterners arrived: they refused communion with Cyril and set up another council. The Roman legates (the bishops Arcadius and Projectus and the priest Philip), on arriving, joined Cyril and confirmed the sentence against Nestorius. Poco después, Juan de Antioquía y el easterners llegó: que se negó la comunión con Cirilo y crear otro consejo. Los legados romanos (los obispos y Arcadius Projectus y el sacerdote Felipe), al llegar, se sumaron a Cirilo y confirmó la condena contra Nestorius. Then the council in its fifth session on 17 July excommunicated John and his party. Entonces el consejo en su quinto período de sesiones, el 17 de julio excomulgado John y su partido.
The documents of the Cyrilline council , the only one which is ecumenical , are included below and are as follows. Los documentos de la Cyrilline consejo, el único que es ecuménico, se incluyen a continuación y son los siguientes.
Both councils sent legates to the emperor Theodosius, who approved neither and sent the bishops away. Ambos consejos envió legados al emperador Teodosio, que ni aprobado y enviado a los obispos de distancia. Nestorius had already been given permission to revisit his monastery at Antioch, and on 25 October 431 Maximianus was ordained patriarch at Constantinople. The decrees of the council were approved by Pope Sixtus III shortly after his own ordination on 31 July 432. Nestorius ya se había dado permiso para volver a su monasterio de Antioquía, y el 25 de octubre de 431 Maximianus fue ordenado en el patriarca de Constantinopla. Los decretos del concilio fueron aprobadas por el Papa Sixto III, poco después de su ordenación el 31 de julio de 432.
The reconciliation between the Cyrilline party and the eastern bishops was not easy. La reconciliación entre los Cyrilline parte y la parte oriental de los obispos no fue fácil. In the end, on 23 April 433, Cyril and John of Antioch made peace. Al final, el 23 de abril de 433, Cirilo y Juan de Antioquía hecho de la paz. John's profession of faith was accepted by Cyril and became the doctrinal formula of union. It is included here, together with Cyril's letter in which he at some length praises John's profession and accepts it, adding to it some explanation about his own expressions; this letter is mentioned in the definition of Chalcedon . John's profesión de fe fue aceptada por Cirilo y se convirtió en la fórmula doctrinal de la Unión. Se incluye aquí, junto con Cyril la carta en la que se alaba con cierta extensión John's profesión y la acepta, añadiendo a la misma una explicación acerca de su propia expresión; esta carta Se menciona en la definición de Calcedonia. Shortly afterwards, probably in 436, Nestorius was definitely sent into exile by the emperor . Poco tiempo después, probablemente en 436, Nestorius fue enviada definitivamente al exilio por el emperador.
The English translation is from the Greek text, which is the more authoritative version. El Inglés es la traducción del texto griego, que es la versión más autorizada.
Cyril sends greeting in the Lord to the most religious and reverend fellow-minister Nestorius Cyril envía saludo en el Señor a los más religiosos y reverendo compatriotas ministro Nestorius
I understand that there are some who are talking rashly of the reputation in which I hold your reverence, and that this is frequently the case when meetings of people in authority give them an opportunity. Tengo entendido que hay algunos que están hablando precipitadamente de la reputación en la que celebrar su reverencia, y que este es frecuentemente el caso cuando las reuniones de personas en la autoridad darles una oportunidad. I think they hope in this way to delight your ears and so they spread abroad uncontrolled expressions. Creo que la esperanza de esta manera a las delicias de los oídos y de modo que las expresiones propagación incontrolada en el extranjero. They are people who have suffered no wrong, but have been exposed by me for their own profit, one because he oppressed the blind and the poor, a second because he drew a sword on his mother, a third because he stole someone else's money in collusion with a maidservant and since then has lived with such a reputation as one would hardly wish for one's worst enemy. Son personas que han sufrido ningún mal, pero han sido expuestas por mí para su propio beneficio, una oprimidos porque los ciegos y los pobres, un segundo porque él señaló una espada sobre su madre, una tercera porque robaron el dinero de otra persona en Connivencia con una criada, y desde entonces ha vivido con una reputación como uno difícilmente deseo de que la peor enemigo. For the rest I do not intend to spend more words on this subject in order not to vaunt my own mediocrity above my teacher and master or above the fathers. Por lo demás no tengo la intención de gastar más palabras sobre este tema a fin de no vaunt mi propia mediocridad por encima de mi maestro y la maestra o superior a los padres. For however one may try to live, it is impossible to escape the malice of evil people, whose mouths are full of cursing and bitterness and who will have to defend themselves before the judge of all. Para no obstante se puede tratar de vivir, es imposible escapar de la malicia de la gente malvada, cuya boca se llena de maldición y amargura y que tendrán que defenderse ante el juez de todos.
But I turn to a subject more fitting to myself and remind you as a brother in Christ always to be very careful about what you say to the people in matters of teaching and of your thought on the faith. Pero me referiré a un tema más apropiado para mí mismo y recordar como un hermano en Cristo a ser siempre muy cuidadoso con lo que digo a la gente en cuestiones de la enseñanza y de su pensamiento sobre la fe. You should bear in mind that to scandalise even one of these little ones that believe in Christ lays you open to unendurable wrath. Usted debe tener en cuenta que a scandalise incluso uno de estos pequeños que creen en Cristo establece que abra a unendurable ira. If the number of those who are distressed is very large, then surely we should use every skill and care to remove scandals and to expound the healthy word of faith to those who seek the truth. Si el número de los que están afligidos es muy grande, entonces seguramente deberíamos utilizar cada habilidad y cuidado de retirar y escándalos a exponer la sana palabra de la fe a aquellos que buscan la verdad. The most effective way to achieve this end will be zealously to occupy ourselves with the words of the holy fathers , to esteem their words, to examine our words to see if we are holding to their faith as it is written, to conform our thoughts to their correct and irreproachable teaching. La forma más efectiva de lograr ese objetivo será celosamente a ocupar nuestras las palabras de los santos padres, a la estima de sus palabras, para examinar nuestras palabras para ver si estamos a la celebración de su fe, como está escrito, para que se ajusten a nuestros pensamientos Su correcta y enseñanza irreprochable.
The holy and great synod, therefore, stated that El gran santo sínodo y, en consecuencia, declaró que
So we shall confess one Christ and one Lord. Así que vamos a confesar un Cristo y un solo Señor. We do not adore the man along with the Word, so as to avoid any appearance of division by using the word "with". Nosotros no adoramos el hombre junto a la Palabra, a fin de evitar cualquier apariencia de división mediante el uso de la palabra "con". But we adore him as one and the same, because the body is not other than the Word, and takes its seat with him beside the Father, again not as though there were two sons seated together but only one, united with his own flesh. If, however, we reject the hypostatic union as being either impossible or too unlovely for the Word, we fall into the fallacy of speaking of two sons . Pero nosotros le adoramos como uno y el mismo, porque el cuerpo no es otra que la Palabra, y tiene su sede al lado de él con el Padre, de nuevo, no como si no hubiera dos hijos sentados juntos, pero sólo uno, unidos a su propia carne. Si, en cambio, rechazamos la unión hipostática es imposible o demasiado unlovely de la Palabra, que caer en la falacia de que habla de dos hijos. We shall have to distinguish and speak both of the man as honoured with the title of son, and of the Word of God as by nature possessing the name and reality of sonship, each in his own way. Tendremos que distinguir y hablar tanto del hombre como honrado con el título de hijo, y de la Palabra de Dios como por la naturaleza que poseen el nombre y la realidad de la filiación, cada uno a su manera. We ought not, therefore, to split into two sons the one Lord Jesus Christ. No deberíamos, por tanto, se dividió en dos hijos el único Señor Jesucristo. Such a way of presenting a correct account of the faith will be quite unhelpful, even though some do speak of a union of persons. Esta manera de presentar una correcta cuenta de la fe será muy poco útil, a pesar de que algunos hablan de una unión de las personas. For scripture does not say that the Word united the person of a man to himself, but that he became flesh. Para la escritura no dice que el Verbo unido a la persona de un hombre a sí mismo, sino que él se hizo carne. The Word's becoming flesh means nothing else than that he partook of flesh and blood like us; he made our body his own, and came forth a man from woman without casting aside his deity, or his generation from God the Father, but rather in his assumption of flesh remaining what he was. La Palabra se convierta en carne significa nada más que que él participó de carne y hueso como nosotros; que hizo nuestro cuerpo el suyo, y daba a un hombre de la mujer sin casting de lado su deidad, o su generación de Dios el Padre, sino más bien en su Asunción de la pulpa restante lo fue.
This is the account of the true faith everywhere professed . Esta es la cuenta de la verdadera fe profesada por todas partes. So shall we find that the holy fathers believed. Así que se nos encontramos con que los santos padres creían. So have they dared to call the holy virgin, mother of God , not as though the nature of the Word or his godhead received the origin of their being from the holy virgin, but because there was born from her his holy body rationally ensouled, with which the Word was hypostatically united and is said to have been begotten in the flesh. Así que se han atrevido a llamar a la santa virgen, madre de Dios, no como si la naturaleza de la Palabra o de su divinidad recibido el origen de su ser de la santa virgen, sino porque allí nació su santo de su cuerpo ensouled racionalmente, con Que el Verbo era hypostatically unida y se dice que ha sido engendrado en la carne. These things I write out of love in Christ exhorting you as a brother and calling upon you before Christ and the elect angels, to hold and teach these things with us, in order to preserve the peace of the churches and that the priests of God may remain in an unbroken bond of concord and love. Estas cosas que escribo por amor en Cristo exhortando usted como a un hermano y exhortando a usted antes de Cristo y los elegidos ángeles, de celebrar y enseñar estas cosas con nosotros, a fin de preservar la paz de las iglesias y que los sacerdotes de Dios pueda Permanecer en forma ininterrumpida vínculo de la concordia y el amor.
Nestorius sends greeting in the Lord to the most religious and reverend fellow-minister Cyril. Nestorius envía saludo en el Señor a los más religiosos y reverendo compatriotas ministro Cyril. I pass over the insults against us contained in your extraordinary letter. Yo pase más de los insultos contra nosotros que figura en su carta extraordinaria. They will, I think, be cured by my patience and by the answer which events will offer in the course of time. Ellos, en mi opinión, ser curados por mi paciencia y por la respuesta que ofrecerá eventos en el transcurso del tiempo. On one matter, however, I cannot be silent, as silence would in that case be very dangerous. Por una cuestión, sin embargo, no puedo estar en silencio, como el silencio que, en ese caso, será muy peligroso. On that point, therefore avoiding longwindedness as far as I can, I shall attempt a brief discussion and try to be as free as possible from repelling obscurity and undigestible prolixity. Sobre este punto, por lo tanto, longwindedness evitar en la medida de lo que puedo, voy a tratar de hacer una breve discusión y tratar de ser tan libre como sea posible de repeler la oscuridad y no digeríble prolijidad. I shall begin from the wise utterances of your reverence, setting them down word for word. Empezaré declaraciones de los sabios de su reverencia, en el mismo se señalan palabra por palabra. What then are the words in which your remarkable teaching finds expression ? Entonces, ¿cuáles son las palabras en las que se encuentra la enseñanza de su notable expresión?
"The holy and great synod states that the only begotten Son, begotten of God the Father according to nature, true God from true God, the light from the light, the one through whom the Father made all things, came down, became incarnate, became man, suffered, rose." "El santo y el gran sínodo establece que el unigénito Hijo, engendrado de Dios Padre de acuerdo a la naturaleza, Dios verdadero de Dios verdadero, la luz de la luz, el que a través de los cuales el Padre hizo todas las cosas, vino, se encarnó, Se hizo hombre, sufrió, pasó ".
These are the words of your reverence and you may recognise them. Estas son las palabras de su reverencia y puede reconocerlas. Now listen to what we say, which takes the form of a brotherly exhortation to piety of the type of which the great apostle Paul gave an example in addressing his beloved Timothy: "Attend to the public reading of scripture, to preaching, to teaching. For by so doing you will save both yourself and your hearers". Ahora escuchar lo que decimos, que adopta la forma de un hermano exhortación a la piedad del tipo de que el gran apóstol Pablo dio un ejemplo en el tratamiento de su amado Timoteo: "Asistir a la lectura pública de la escritura, a la predicación, a la enseñanza. Para de este modo se ahorrará tanto usted y sus oyentes ". Tell me, what does "attend" mean? Dígame, ¿cuál es el significado de "asistir"? By reading in a superficial way the tradition of those holy men (you were guilty of a pardonable ignorance), you concluded that they said that the Word who is coeternal with the Father was passible. Mediante la lectura de una manera superficial de la tradición de los hombres santos (que son culpables de un pardonable ignorancia), que llegó a la conclusión de que se dice que el Verbo que es coeternal con el Padre fue passible. Please look more closely at their language and you will find out that that divine choir of fathers never said that the consubstantial godhead was capable of suffering, or that the whole being that was coeternal with the Father was recently born, or that it rose again, seeing that it had itself been the cause of resurrection of the destroyed temple. Por favor, mirar más de cerca su idioma y encontrará que ese divino coro de los padres nunca consustancial dice que la divinidad es capaz de sufrir, o que todo el que se fue con el Padre coeternal fue recientemente nacido, o que aumentó de nuevo, Ver que ella misma había sido la causa de la resurrección de los templos destruidos. If you apply my words as fraternal medicine, I shall set the words of the holy fathers before you and shall free them from the slander against them and through them against the holy scriptures. Si se aplican las palabras de mi hermano como la medicina, voy a establecer las palabras de los santos padres, y antes de liberarlas de la calumnia en contra de ellos y contra ellos a través de las Sagradas Escrituras.
"I believe", they say, "also in our Lord Jesus Christ, his only begotten Son". "Yo creo", dicen, "también en nuestro Señor Jesucristo, su Hijo unigénito". See how they first lay as foundations "Lord" and "Jesus" and "Christ" and "only begotten" and "Son", the names which belong jointly to the divinity and humanity. Véase la forma en que primero sentar bases como "Señor" y "Jesús" y "Cristo" y "unigénito" y el "Hijo", los nombres que pertenecen conjuntamente a la divinidad y la humanidad. Then they build on that foundation the tradition of the incarnation and resurrection and passion. Luego, construir sobre la base de que la tradición de la encarnación y la pasión y la resurrección. In this way, by prefixing the names which are common to each nature, they intend to avoid separating expressions applicable to sonship and lordship and at the same time escape the danger of destroying the distinctive character of the natures by absorbing them into the one title of "Son". De esta manera, por prefijar los nombres que son comunes a cada uno de la naturaleza, tienen la intención de evitar la separación de las expresiones aplicables a la filiación y señorío, y al mismo tiempo escapar del peligro de destruir el carácter distintivo de la naturaleza mediante la absorción de ellos en el título de un "Hijo". In this Paul was their teacher who, when he remembers the divine becoming man and then wishes to introduce the suffering, first mentions "Christ", which, as I have just said, is the common name of both natures and then adds an expression which is appropriate to both of the natures. En este Pablo fue su maestro que, cuando se recuerda la divina convirtiendo en el hombre y, a continuación, desea presentar el sufrimiento, en primer lugar menciona a "Cristo", que, como acabo de decir, es el nombre común de las dos naturalezas y, a continuación, añade una expresión que Procede tanto de la naturaleza. For what does he say ? ¿Para qué dijo? "Have this mind among yourselves, which is yours in Christ Jesus who though he was in the form of God, did not count equality with God a thing to be grasped", and so on until, "he became obedient unto death, even death on a cross". "Tener esta cuenta entre ustedes, que es tuyo en Cristo Jesús, que a pesar de que fue en forma de Dios, no cuentan igual a Dios una cosa que hay que aprovechar", y así hasta que, "se hizo obediente hasta la muerte, incluso la muerte En una cruz ". For when he was about to mention the death, to prevent anyone supposing that God the Word suffered, he says "Christ", which is a title that expresses in one person both the impassible and the passible natures, in order that Christ might be called without impropriety both impassible and passible impassible in godhead, passible in the nature of his body. Para cuando estaba a punto de hablar de la muerte, para impedir a nadie el supuesto de que la Palabra de Dios sufrió, él dice "Cristo", que es un título que expresa una persona tanto en la presa y la passible naturalezas, con el fin de que Cristo podría denominarse Sin incorrección tanto impassible y passible impassible en divinidad, passible en la naturaleza de su cuerpo.
I could say much on this subject and first of all that those holy fathers, when they discuss the economy, speak not of the generation but of the Son becoming man. Yo podría decir mucho sobre este tema y en primer lugar, que los santos padres, cuando hablar de la economía, no hablar de la generación del Hijo, sino convertirse en el hombre. But I recall the promise of brevity that I made at the beginning and that both restrains my discourse and moves me on to the second subject of your reverence. Pero recuerdo de la brevedad la promesa que hice al principio y que tanto restringe mi discurso y me mueve a la segunda objeto de su veneración. In that I applaud your division of natures into manhood and godhead and their conjunction in one person. Aplaudo que en su división de la naturaleza en la virilidad y la divinidad y su relación en una persona. I also applaud your statement that God the Word needed no second generation from a woman, and your confession that the godhead is incapable of suffering. También aplaudo su declaración de que la Palabra de Dios no necesitaba segunda generación de una mujer, y su confesión de que la divinidad es incapaz de sufrimiento. Such statements are truly orthodox and equally opposed to the evil opinions of all heretics about the Lord's natures. Esas declaraciones son realmente ortodoxa e igualmente en contra de la maldad de todos los herejes opiniones acerca de la naturaleza del Señor. If the remainder was an attempt to introduce some hidden and incomprehensible wisdom to the ears of the readers, it is for your sharpness to decide. Si el resto es un intento de introducir una cierta sabiduría oculta e incomprensible a los oídos de los lectores, es por su agudeza para decidir. In my view these subsequent views seemed to subvert what came first. En mi opinión, estas opiniones posteriores parecía subvertir lo que llegó en primer lugar. They suggested that he who had at the beginning been proclaimed as impassible and incapable of a second generation had somehow become capable of suffering and freshly created, as though what belonged to God the Word by nature had been destroyed by his conjunction with his temple or as though people considered it not enough that the sinless temple, which is inseparable from the divine nature, should have endured birth and death for sinners, or finally as though the Lord's voice was not deserving of credence when it cried out to the Jews: "Destroy this temple and in three days I will raise it up.'' He did not say, "Destroy my godhead and in three days it will be raised up." Sugirieron que el que había al comienzo sido proclamado como impassible e incapaz de una segunda generación habían pasado a ser capaces de alguna forma de sufrimiento y recién creado, como si lo que pertenecía a la Palabra de Dios, por naturaleza, ha sido destruida por su relación con su templo o como Aunque la gente considera que no basta que el templo sin pecado, que es inseparable de la naturaleza divina, que han soportado el nacimiento y la muerte por los pecadores, o por último, como si la voz del Señor no es merecedora de crédito cuando gritó a los Judios: "Destruye Este templo y en tres días lo levantaré.''No dijo: "Destruye mi divinidad y en tres días se levantó."
Again I should like to expand on this but am restrained by the memory of my promise. Una vez más me gustaría profundizar en esto, pero estoy limitada por la memoria de mi promesa. I must speak therefore but with brevity. Tengo que hablar, por lo tanto, pero con brevedad. Holy scripture, wherever it recalls the Lord's economy, speaks of the birth and suffering not of the godhead but of the humanity of Christ, so that the holy virgin is more accurately termed mother of Christ than mother of God . Sagrada Escritura, dondequiera que recuerda la economía del Señor, habla del nacimiento y el sufrimiento no de la divinidad, sino de la humanidad de Cristo, a fin de que la santa virgen se denomina con más precisión que la madre de Cristo, madre de Dios. Hear these words that the gospels proclaim: "The book of the generation of Jesus Christ, son of David, son of Abraham." Escuchar estas palabras que los Evangelios proclamar: "El libro de la generación de Jesucristo, hijo de David, hijo de Abraham." It is clear that God the Word was not the son of David. Es evidente que la Palabra de Dios no es el hijo de David. Listen to another witness if you will: "Jacob begat Joseph, the husband of Mary, of whom was born Jesus, who is called the Christ. " Consider a further piece of evidence: "Now the birth of Jesus Christ took place in this way. When his mother Mary had been betrothed to Joseph, she was found to be with child of the holy Spirit." Escuchar a otro testigo si se quiere: "Jacob engendró José, el esposo de María, de los cuales nació Jesús, que es llamado el Cristo." Considerar la posibilidad de una nueva prueba: "Ahora, el nacimiento de Jesucristo, se llevó a cabo de esta manera . Cuando su madre María había sido prometida a José, que se encontró con el hijo del Santo Espíritu ". But who would ever consider that the godhead of the only begotten was a creature of the Spirit? Pero, ¿quién alguna vez considere que la divinidad del unigénito era una criatura del Espíritu? Why do we need to mention: "the mother of Jesus was there"? ¿Por qué es necesario mencionar: "la madre de Jesús estaba allí"? And again what of: "with Mary the mother of Jesus"; or "that which is conceived in her is of the holy Spirit"; and "Take the child and his mother and flee to Egypt"; and "concerning his Son, who was born of the seed of David according to the flesh"? Y de nuevo lo de: "con María la madre de Jesús", o "lo que es concebido en ella es del Espíritu Santo", y "Toma al niño ya su madre y huye a Egipto", y "en relación a su Hijo, que Nació de la simiente de David según la carne "? Again, scripture says when speaking of his passion: "God sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh and for sin, he condemned sin in the flesh"; and again "Christ died for our sins" and "Christ having suffered in the flesh"; and "This is", not "my godhead", but "my body, broken for you". Una vez más, la Escritura dice al hablar de su pasión: "Dios enviando a su propio Hijo en la semejanza de carne pecadora y por el pecado, condenó el pecado en la carne", y de nuevo "Cristo murió por nuestros pecados" y "Cristo después de haber sufrido en el Carne ", y" Esto es ", no" mi divinidad ", pero" mi cuerpo, roto por ti ".
Ten thousand other expressions witness to the human race that they should not think that it was the godhead of the Son that was recently killed but the flesh which was joined to the nature of the godhead. Diez mil otras expresiones testigo de la raza humana que no debe pensar que es la divinidad del Hijo, que ha sido recientemente asesinados, pero la carne que se sumaron a la naturaleza de la divinidad. (Hence also Christ calls himself the lord and son of David: " 'What do you think of the Christ ? Whose son is he ?' They said to him, 'The son of David.' Jesus answered and said to them, 'How is it then that David inspired by the Spirit, calls him Lord, saying, "The Lord said to my Lord, sit at my right hand"?'". He said this as being indeed son of David according to the flesh, but his Lord according to his godhead.) The body therefore is the temple of the deity of the Son, a temple which is united to it in a high and divine conjunction, so that the divine nature accepts what belongs to the body as its own. (De ahí que Cristo pide también a sí mismo el señor y el hijo de David: " '¿Qué piensa usted de Cristo? Hijo de quién es?" Se le dijo:' Hijo de David. "Respondió Jesús y les dijo:« ¿Cómo Es entonces que David inspirado por el Espíritu, le llama Señor, diciendo: "El Señor dijo a mi Señor, siéntate a mi diestra "?'". Dijo que este hecho, por ser hijo de David según la carne, pero su Señor según su divinidad.) El cuerpo, por tanto, es el templo de la deidad del Hijo, un templo que está unida a él en un alto y divino conjuntamente, de modo que la naturaleza divina acepta lo que corresponde al órgano como propio. Such a confession is noble and worthy of the gospel traditions. Esta confesión es noble y digna del evangelio tradiciones. But to use the expression "accept as its own" as a way of diminishing the properties of the conjoined flesh, birth, suffering and entombment, is a mark of those whose minds are led astray, my brother, by Greek thinking or are sick with the lunacy of Apollinarius and Arius or the other heresies or rather something more serious than these. Pero utilizar la expresión "aceptar como propio" como una forma de disminuir las propiedades de la carne, sumados, el nacimiento, el sufrimiento y sepultamiento, es una marca de aquellos cuyas mentes están enganar, mi hermano, por el pensamiento griego o están enfermos con La locura de Apollinarius y Arius herejías o de la otra o, más bien, algo más grave que estos.
For it is necessary for such as are attracted by the name "propriety" to make God the Word share, because of this same propriety, in being fed on milk, in gradual growth, in terror at the time of his passion and in need of angelical assistance. Por que es necesario que, como se sienten atraídos por el nombre de "corrección" para hacer compartir la Palabra de Dios, a causa de esta misma propiedad, en el que se alimenta de leche, en el crecimiento gradual, en el terror en el momento de su pasión y en la necesidad de Angélica asistencia. I make no mention of circumcision and sacrifice and sweat and hunger, which all belong to the flesh and are adorable as having taken place for our sake. No voy a hablar de la circuncisión y el sacrificio y sudor y el hambre, que todos pertenecen a la carne y se adorable como que ha tenido lugar por nuestro bien. But it would be false to apply such ideas to the deity and would involve us in just accusation because of our calumny. Pero sería falso para aplicar esas ideas a la deidad y supondría sólo en nosotros debido a nuestra acusación de calumnia.
These are the traditions of the holy fathers . Estas son las tradiciones de los santos padres. These are the precepts of the holy scriptures . Estos son los preceptos de las Sagradas Escrituras. In this way does someone write in a godly way about the divine mercy and power, "Practise these duties, devote yourself to them, so that all may see your progress''. This is what Paul says to all. The care you take in labouring for those who have been scandalised is well taken and we are grateful to you both for the thought you devote to things divine and for the concern you have even for those who live here. But you should realise that you have been misled either by some here who have been deposed by the holy synod for Manichaeism or by clergy of your own persuasion. In fact the church daily progresses here and through the grace of Christ there is such an increase among the people that those who behold it cry out with the words of the prophet, "The earth will be filled with the knowledge of the Lord as the water covers the sea". As for our sovereigns, they are in great joy as the light of doctrine is spread abroad and, to be brief, because of the state of all the heresies that fight against God and of the orthodoxy of the church, one might find that verse fulfilled "The house of Saul grew weaker and weaker and the house of David grew stronger and stronger". De esta forma, alguien que escribe en una forma piadosa acerca de la divina misericordia y el poder, "Practica estas funciones, usted dedicar a ellos, de manera que todos puedan ver sus progresos''. Esto es lo que Pablo dice a todos. El cuidado de tomar en Que trabajan para los que se han escandalizado es bien tomado y damos las gracias a usted tanto para el pensamiento que dedicar a las cosas divinas y de la preocupación que usted tiene, incluso para las personas que viven aquí. Pero usted debe darse cuenta de que usted ha sido engañado, ya sea por parte de algunos Aquí, que han sido depuesto por el santo sínodo de maniqueísmo o por el clero de su propia persuasión. De hecho, la iglesia aquí y progresa a diario a través de la gracia de Cristo es que existe un aumento en la población que los que piden a gritos he aquí que con las palabras Del profeta, "La tierra se llenará con el conocimiento del Señor como el agua cubre el mar". En cuanto a nuestros soberanos, que son en gran alegría como la luz de la doctrina se propaga en el extranjero y, de ser breve, porque de El estado de todas las herejías que lucha contra Dios y de la ortodoxia de la iglesia, se puede encontrar que el versículo cumplido "La casa de Saúl creció más débiles y más débiles y de la casa de David se hizo más fuerte y más fuerte".
This is our advice from a brother to a brother. Este es nuestro consejo a un hermano a un hermano. "If anyone is disposed to be contentious", Paul will cry out through us to such a one, "we recognize no other practice, neither do the churches of God". "Si alguien está dispuesto a ser polémico", Paul se piden a gritos a través de nosotros a esa una, "no reconocemos otra práctica, tampoco las iglesias de Dios". I and those with me greet all the brotherhood with you in Christ. Yo y los que me saludan con la hermandad con todos ustedes en Cristo. May you remain strong and continue praying for us, most honoured and reverent lord. Que siguen siendo fuertes y seguir orando por nosotros, la mayoría de honor y reverente señor.
[Read at the council of Ephesus and included in the proceedings . [Leer en el consejo de Efeso y se incluye en las actuaciones. We omit the preface of the letter] Estamos omitir el prefacio de la carta]
We believe in one God . Creemos en un solo Dios. . .[Nicene Creed] . [Credo de Nicea]
Following in all points the confessions of the holy fathers, which they made with the holy Spirit speaking in them , and following the direction of their opinions and going as it were in the royal way, we say that the only-begotten Word of God, who was begotten from the very essence of the Father, true God from true God, the light from the light and the one through whom all things in heaven and earth were made, for our salvation came down and emptying himself he became incarnate and was made man. This means that Después de todos los puntos en la confesión de los santos padres, que se hizo con el Espíritu Santo que habla en ellos, y siguiendo la dirección de sus opiniones y de ir, ya que estaban en la vía real, decimos que el único engendrado-Palabra de Dios, Que fue engendrado de la esencia misma del Padre, Dios verdadero de Dios verdadero, la luz de la luz y la que a través de los cuales todas las cosas en el cielo y la tierra fueron hechas, por nuestra salvación bajó y vaciado de sí mismo que se encarnó y se hizo Hombre. Esto significa que
We confess the Word to have been made one with the flesh hypostatically , and we adore one Son and Lord, Jesus Christ. Confesamos la Palabra que ha sido hecha con la carne hypostatically, y nosotros adoramos un Hijo y Señor, Jesucristo. We do not divide him into parts and separate man and God in him, as though the two natures were mutually united only through a unity of dignity and authority ; that would be an empty expression and nothing more. Nosotros no le dividir en partes separadas y el hombre y Dios en él, como si las dos naturalezas son mutuamente unidos sólo a través de una unidad de la dignidad y la autoridad, lo que sería una expresión vacía y nada más. Nor do we give the name Christ in one sense to the Word of God and in another to him who was born of woman, but we know only one Christ, the Word from God the Father with his own flesh. As man he was anointed with us, even though he himself gives the Spirit to those who are worthy to receive it and not in measure, as the blessed evangelist John says. Tampoco damos el nombre de Cristo en un solo sentido a la Palabra de Dios y en otro a lo que nació de mujer, pero sabemos que sólo un Cristo, el Verbo de Dios Padre con su propia carne. Como hombre fue ungido con Nosotros, a pesar de que él mismo le da el Espíritu a los que son dignos de recibirlo, y no en la medida que, con la bendita dice el evangelista Juan.
But we do not say that the Word of God dwelt as in an ordinary man born of the holy virgin, in order that Christ may not be thought of as a God-bearing man. Pero no decimos que la Palabra de Dios que habitó en un hombre ordinario nació de la santa virgen, a fin de que Cristo no pueden ser considerados como teniendo un Dios-hombre. For even though "the Word dwelt among us", and it is also said that in Christ dwelt "all the fullness of the godhead bodily", we understand that, having become flesh, the manner of his indwelling is not defined in the same way as he is said to dwell among the saints , he was united by nature and not turned into flesh and he made his indwelling in such a way as we may say that the soul of man does in his own body. A pesar de "la Palabra habitó entre nosotros", y también se dice que en Cristo habitó "toda la plenitud de la divinidad corporales", entendemos que, después de haber hecho carne, la forma de su inhabitación no se define de la misma manera Ya que se dice que moran entre los santos, estaba unido por naturaleza y no se convirtió en carne y él hizo su inhabitación de tal manera que podemos decir que el alma del hombre en su propio cuerpo.
There is therefore one Christ and Son and Lord, but not with the sort of conjunction that a man might have with God as unity of dignity or authority . Hay, por tanto, un Hijo y Cristo y Señor, pero no con el tipo de relación que un hombre puede tener con Dios como unidad de la dignidad o de autoridad. Equality of honour by itself is unable to unite natures. Igualdad de honor por sí mismo no es capaz de unir naturaleza. For Peter and John were equal in honour to each other, being both of them apostles and holy disciples, but they were two, not one. Para Pedro y Juan son iguales en honor de los demás, siendo ambos santos apóstoles y discípulos, sino que son dos, no uno. Neither do we understand the manner of conjunction to be one of juxtaposition for this is not enough for natural union. Tampoco entendemos la forma de estar junto a uno de yuxtaposición para ello no es suficiente para la unión natural. Nor yet is it a question of relative participation , as we ourselves, being united to the Lord, are as it is written in the words of scripture "one spirit with him". Tampoco es todavía un problema de la participación, como nosotros mismos, está unido al Señor, como está escrito en las palabras de la escritura de "un espíritu con él". Rather do we deprecate the term "conjunction" as being inadequate to express the idea of union. En lugar de hacer que deploran el término "conjuntamente" por ser insuficiente para expresar la idea de la unión.
Nor do we call the Word from God the Father, the God or Lord of Christ. Tampoco pedimos que la Palabra de Dios el Padre, el Dios o Señor de Cristo. To speak in that way would appear to split into two the one Christ and Son and Lord and we might in this way fall under the charge of blasphemy, making him the God and Lord of himself. Para hablar de esa manera parece dividido en dos por una Hijo, y Cristo y Señor, y es posible que de esta manera quedan bajo el cargo de blasfemia, lo cual lo convirtió en el Dios y Señor de sí mismo. For, as we have already said, the Word of God was united hypostatically with the flesh and is God of all and Lord of the universe, but is neither his own slave or master. Porque, como ya hemos dicho, la Palabra de Dios fue unida hypostatically con la carne y de todos es Dios y Señor del universo, pero no es ni su propio maestro o esclavo. For it is foolish or rather impious to think or to speak in this way. Porque es tonto, o más bien a los impíos de hablar o pensar de esta manera. It is true that he called the Father "God" even though he was himself God by nature and of his being, we are not ignorant of the fact that at the same time as he was God he also became man, and so was subject to God according to the law that is suitable to the nature of manhood . Es cierto que él llamó el Padre "Dios" a pesar de ser él mismo Dios y por la naturaleza de su ser, no somos ignorantes del hecho de que al mismo tiempo que él también era Dios se hizo hombre, y así fue objeto de Dios de acuerdo a la ley que se ajusta a la naturaleza de la masculinidad. But how should he become God or Lord of himself? Pero, ¿cómo si hubiera quedado en Dios o Señor de sí mismo? Consequently as man and as far as it was fitting for him within the limits of his self-emptying it is said that he was subject to God like ourselves. En consecuencia, como hombre y en la medida de lo adecuado para él dentro de los límites de su auto-vaciamiento que se dice que está sujeto a Dios como nosotros. So he came to be under the law while at the same time himself speaking the law and being a lawgiver like God. Así llegó a ser con arreglo a la ley y al mismo tiempo a sí mismo haciendo uso de la palabra y el derecho de ser un legislador como Dios.
When speaking of Christ we avoid the expression: "I worship him who is carried because of the one who carries him; because of him who is unseen, I worship the one who is seen." Cuando se habla de Cristo que evitar la expresión: "Yo le culto que se lleva a causa de la persona que lo lleva, porque de lo que es invisible, el culto el que se considera." It is shocking to say in this connexion: "The assumed shares the name of God with him who assumes." Es chocante que decir a este respecto: "El supuesto de acciones el nombre de Dios con él que asume". To speak in this way once again divides into two Christs and puts the man separately by himself and God likewise by himself. Para hablar de esta manera, una vez más, se divide en dos Cristos, y pone al hombre separado de Dios por sí mismo y por sí mismo. This saying denies openly the union, according to which one is not worshipped alongside the other, nor do both share in the title "God", but Jesus Christ is considered as one, the only begotten Son, honoured with one worship, together with his own flesh. Esta diciendo niega abiertamente la unión, según la cual uno no es adorado junto a los otros, ni ambos comparten el título de "Dios", pero Jesucristo es considerado como uno, el Hijo unigénito, distinguido con un culto, junto con su Propia carne.
We also confess that the only begotten Son born of God the Father, although according to his own nature he was not subject to suffering, suffered in the flesh for us according to the scriptures, and was in his crucified body, and without himself suffering made his own the sufferings of his own flesh , for "by the grace of God he tasted death for all". We also confess that the only begotten Son born of God the Father, although according to his own nature he was not subject to suffering, suffered in the flesh for us according to the scriptures, and was in his crucified body, and without himself suffering made his own the sufferings of his own flesh , for "by the grace of God he tasted death for all". For that purpose he gave his own body to death though he was by nature life and the resurrection, in order that, having trodden down death by his own unspeakable power, he might first in his own flesh become the firstborn from the dead and "the first fruits of them that sleep". For that purpose he gave his own body to death though he was by nature life and the resurrection, in order that, having trodden down death by his own unspeakable power, he might first in his own flesh become the firstborn from the dead and "the first fruits of them that sleep". And that he might make a way for human nature to return to incorruption by the grace of God, as we have just said, "he tasted death for all" and on the third day he returned to life, having robbed the underworld. Accordingly, even though it is said that "through man came the resurrection of the dead", yet we understand that man to have been the Word which came from God, through whom the power of death was overcome. At the right time he will come as one Son and Lord in the glory of the Father, to judge the world in justice, as it is written.
We will necessarily add this also. Proclaiming the death according to the flesh of the only begotten Son of God, that is Jesus Christ, and professing his return to life from the dead and his ascension into heaven, we offer the unbloody worship [sacrificii servitutem] in the churches and so proceed to the mystical thanksgivings and are sanctified having partaken of the holy flesh [corpus] and precious blood of Christ, the saviour of us all. Proclaiming the death according to the flesh of the only begotten Son of God, that is Jesus Christ, and professing his return to life from the dead and his ascension into heaven, we offer the unbloody worship [sacrificii servitutem] in the churches and so proceed to the mystical thanksgivings and are sanctified having partaken of the holy flesh [corpus] and precious blood of Christ, the saviour of us all. This we receive not as ordinary flesh, heaven forbid, nor as that of a man who has been made holy and joined to the Word by union of honour, or who had a divine indwelling, but as truly the life-giving and real flesh of the Word [ut vere vivificatricem et ipsius Verbi propriam factam .]. This we receive not as ordinary flesh, heaven forbid, nor as that of a man who has been made holy and joined to the Word by union of honour, or who had a divine indwelling, but as truly the life-giving and real flesh of the Word [ut vere vivificatricem et ipsius Verbi propriam factam .]. For being life by nature as God, when he became one with his own flesh, he made it also to be life-giving, as also he said to us: "Amen I say to you, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of man and drink his blood" . For being life by nature as God, when he became one with his own flesh, he made it also to be life-giving, as also he said to us: "Amen I say to you, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of man and drink his blood" . For we must not think that it is the flesh of a man like us (for how can the flesh of man be life-giving by its own nature?), but as being made the true flesh [vere proprium eius factam] of the one who for our sake became the son of man and was called so. For we must not think that it is the flesh of a man like us (for how can the flesh of man be life-giving by its own nature?), but as being made the true flesh [vere proprium eius factam] of the one who for our sake became the son of man and was called so.
For we do not divide up the words of our Saviour in the gospels among two hypostases or persons . For the one and only Christ is not dual, even though he be considered to be from two distinct realities, brought together into an unbreakable union. In the same sort of way a human being, though he be composed of soul and body, is considered to be not dual, but rather one out of two. Therefore, in thinking rightly, we refer both the human and divine expressions to the same person. For when he speaks about himself in a divine manner as "he that sees me sees the Father", and "I and the Father are one", we think of his divine and unspeakable nature, according to which he is one with his own Father through identity of nature and is the "image and impress and brightness of his glory". For when he speaks about himself in a divine manner as "he that sees me sees the Father", and "I and the Father are one", we think of his divine and unspeakable nature, according to which he is one with his own Father through identity of nature and is the "image and impress and brightness of his glory". But when, not dishonouring the measure of his humanity, he says to the Jews: "But now you seek to kill me, a man who has spoken the truth to you", again no less than before, we recognise that he who, because of his equality and likeness to God the Father is God the Word, is also within the limits of his humanity. But when, not dishonouring the measure of his humanity, he says to the Jews: "But now you seek to kill me, a man who has spoken the truth to you", again no less than before, we recognise that he who, because of his equality and likeness to God the Father is God the Word, is also within the limits of his humanity. For if it is necessary to believe that being God by nature he became flesh, that is man ensouled with a rational soul, whatever reason should anyone have for being ashamed at the expressions uttered by him should they happen to be suitable to him as man ? For if he should reject words suitable to him as man, who was it that forced him to become a man like us? Why should he who submitted himself to voluntary self-emptying for our sake, reject expressions that are suitable for such self-emptying? All the expressions, therefore, that occur in the gospels are to be referred to one person, the one enfleshed hypostasis of the Word . For there is one Lord Jesus Christ, according to the scriptures.
Even though he is called "the apostle and high priest of our confession", as offering to the God and Father the confession of faith we make to him and through him to the God and Father and also to the holy Spirit, again we say that he is the natural and only-begotten Son of God and we shall not assign to another man apart from him the name and reality of priesthood. Even though he is called "the apostle and high priest of our confession", as offering to the God and Father the confession of faith we make to him and through him to the God and Father and also to the holy Spirit, again we say that he is the natural and only-begotten Son of God and we shall not assign to another man apart from him the name and reality of priesthood. For he became the "mediator between God and humanity" and the establisher of peace between them, offering himself for an odour of sweetness to the God and Father . Therefore also he said: "Sacrifice and offering you would not, but a body you have prepared for me; [in burnt offerings and sacrifice for sin you have no pleasure]. Then I said, 'Behold I come to do your will, O God', as it is written of me in the volume of the book". Therefore also he said: "Sacrifice and offering you would not, but a body you have prepared for me; [in burnt offerings and sacrifice for sin you have no pleasure]. Then I said, 'Behold I come to do your will, O God', as it is written of me in the volume of the book". For our sake and not for his own he brought forward his own body in the odour of sweetness. Indeed, of what offering or sacrifice for himself would he have been in need, being as God superior to all manner of sin? For though "all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God", and so we are prone to disorder and human nature has fallen into the weakness of sin, he is not so and consequently we are behind him in glory. How then can there be any further doubt that the true lamb was sacrificed for us and on our behalf? The suggestion that he offered himself for himself as well as for us is impossible to separate from the charge of impiety . For he never committed a fault at all, nor did he sin in any way. What sort of offering would he need then since there was no sin for which offering might rightly be made?
When he says of the Spirit, "he will glorify me", the correct understanding of this is not to say that the one Christ and Son was in need of glory from another and that he took glory from the holy Spirit, for his Spirit is not better than he nor above him. When he says of the Spirit, "he will glorify me", the correct understanding of this is not to say that the one Christ and Son was in need of glory from another and that he took glory from the holy Spirit, for his Spirit is not better than he nor above him. But because he used his own Spirit to display his godhead through his mighty works, he says that he has been glorified by him, just as if any one of us should perhaps say for example of his inherent strength or his knowledge of anything that they glorify him. But because he used his own Spirit to display his godhead through his mighty works, he says that he has been glorified by him, just as if any one of us should perhaps say for example of his inherent strength or his knowledge of anything that they glorify him. For even though the Spirit exists in his own hypostasis and is thought of on his own, as being Spirit and not as Son, even so he is not alien to the Son. He has been called "the Spirit of truth", and Christ is the truth, and the Spirit was poured forth by the Son, as indeed the Son was poured forth from the God and Father. Accordingly the Spirit worked many strange things through the hand of the holy apostles and so glorified him after the ascension of our lord Jesus Christ into heaven. For it was believed that he is God by nature and works through his own Spirit. For this reason also he said: "He (the Spirit) will take what is mine and declare it to you". But we do not say that the Spirit is wise and powerful through some sharing with another, for he is all perfect and in need of no good thing. Since he is the Spirit of the power and wisdom of the Father, that is the Son, he is himself, evidently, wisdom and power.
Therefore, because the holy virgin bore in the flesh God who was united hypostatically with the flesh, for that reason we call her mother of God , not as though the nature of the Word had the beginning of its existence from the flesh (for "the Word was in the beginning and the Word was God and the Word was with God", and he made the ages and is coeternal with the Father and craftsman of all things), but because, as we have said, he united to himself hypostatically the human and underwent a birth according to the flesh from her womb. Therefore, because the holy virgin bore in the flesh God who was united hypostatically with the flesh, for that reason we call her mother of God , not as though the nature of the Word had the beginning of its existence from the flesh (for "the Word was in the beginning and the Word was God and the Word was with God", and he made the ages and is coeternal with the Father and craftsman of all things), but because, as we have said, he united to himself hypostatically the human and underwent a birth according to the flesh from her womb. This was not as though he needed necessarily or for his own nature a birth in time and in the last times of this age, but in order that he might bless the beginning of our existence, in order that seeing that it was a woman that had given birth to him united to the flesh, the curse against the whole race should thereafter cease which was consigning all our earthy bodies to death, and in order that the removal through him of the curse, "In sorrow thou shalt bring forth children", should demonstrate the truth of the words of the prophet: "Strong death swallowed them Up", and again, "God has wiped every tear away from all face". This was not as though he needed necessarily or for his own nature a birth in time and in the last times of this age, but in order that he might bless the beginning of our existence, in order that seeing that it was a woman that had given birth to him united to the flesh, the curse against the whole race should thereafter cease which was consigning all our earthy bodies to death, and in order that the removal through him of the curse, "In sorrow thou shalt bring forth children", should demonstrate the truth of the words of the prophet: "Strong death swallowed them Up", and again, "God has wiped every tear away from all face". It is for this cause that we say that in his economy he blessed marriage and, when invited, went down to Cana in Galilee with his holy apostles.
We have been taught to hold these things by
To all these your reverence ought to agree and subscribe without any deceit. What is required for your reverence to anathematise we subjoin to this epistle.
1. If anyone does not confess that Emmanuel is God in truth, and therefore that the holy virgin is the mother of God (for she bore in a fleshly way the Word of God become flesh, let him be anathema .
2. If anyone does not confess that the Word from God the Father has been united by hypostasis with the flesh and is one Christ with his own flesh, and is therefore God and man together, let him be anathema .
3. If anyone divides in the one Christ the hypostases after the union, joining them only by a conjunction of dignity or authority or power, and not rather by a coming together in a union by nature, let him be anathema .
4. If anyone distributes between the two persons or hypostases the expressions used either in the gospels or in the apostolic writings, whether they are used by the holy writers of Christ or by him about himself, and ascribes some to him as to a man, thought of separately from the Word from God, and others, as befitting God, to him as to the Word from God the Father, let him be anathema . If anyone distributes between the two persons or hypostases the expressions used either in the gospels or in the apostolic writings, whether they are used by the holy writers of Christ or by him about himself, and ascribes some to him as to a man, thought of separately from the Word from God, and others, as befitting God, to him as to the Word from God the Father, let him be anathema .
5. If anyone dares to say that Christ was a God-bearing man and not rather God in truth, being by nature one Son, even as "the Word became flesh", and is made partaker of blood and flesh precisely like us, let him be anathema .
6. If anyone says that the Word from God the Father was the God or master of Christ, and does not rather confess the same both God and man, the Word having become flesh, according to the scriptures, let him be anathema .
7. If anyone says that as man Jesus was activated by the Word of God and was clothed with the glory of the Only-begotten, as a being separate from him, let him be anathema .
8. If anyone dares to say that the man who was assumed ought to be worshipped and glorified together with the divine Word and be called God along with him, while being separate from him, (for the addition of "with" must always compel us to think in this way), and will not rather worship Emmanuel with one veneration and send up to him one doxology, even as "the Word became flesh", let him be anathema . If anyone dares to say that the man who was assumed ought to be worshipped and glorified together with the divine Word and be called God along with him, while being separate from him, (for the addition of "with" must always compel us to think in this way), and will not rather worship Emmanuel with one veneration and send up to him one doxology, even as "the Word became flesh", let him be anathema .
9. If anyone says that the one Lord Jesus Christ was glorified by the Spirit, as making use of an alien power that worked through him and as having received from him the power to master unclean spirits and to work divine wonders among people, and does not rather say that it was his own proper Spirit through whom he worked the divine wonders, let him be anathema . If anyone says that the one Lord Jesus Christ was glorified by the Spirit, as making use of an alien power that worked through him and as having received from him the power to master unclean spirits and to work divine wonders among people, and does not rather say that it was his own proper Spirit through whom he worked the divine wonders, let him be anathema .
10. The divine scripture says Christ became "the high priest and apostle of our confession"; he offered himself to God the Father in an odour of sweetness for our sake. If anyone, therefore, says that it was not the very Word from God who became our high priest and apostle, when he became flesh and a man like us, but as it were another who was separate from him, in particular a man from a woman, or if anyone says that he offered the sacrifice also for himself and not rather for us alone (for he who knew no sin needed no offering), let him be anathema . If anyone, therefore, says that it was not the very Word from God who became our high priest and apostle, when he became flesh and a man like us, but as it were another who was separate from him, in particular a man from a woman, or if anyone says that he offered the sacrifice also for himself and not rather for us alone (for he who knew no sin needed no offering), let him be anathema .
11. If anyone does not confess that the flesh of the Lord is life-giving and belongs to the Word from God the Father, but maintains that it belongs to another besides him, united with him in dignity or as enjoying a mere divine indwelling, and is not rather life-giving, as we said, since it became the flesh belonging to the Word who has power to bring all things to life, let him be anathema . If anyone does not confess that the flesh of the Lord is life-giving and belongs to the Word from God the Father, but maintains that it belongs to another besides him, united with him in dignity or as enjoying a mere divine indwelling, and is not rather life-giving, as we said, since it became the flesh belonging to the Word who has power to bring all things to life, let him be anathema .
12. If anyone does not confess that the Word of God suffered in the flesh and was crucified in the flesh and tasted death in the flesh and became the first born of the dead, although as God he is life and life-giving, let him be anathema .
The holy synod said: As, in addition to all else, the excellent Nestorius has declined to obey our summons and has not received the holy and God-fearing bishops we sent to him, we have of necessity started upon an investigation of his impieties. We have found him out thinking and speaking in an impious fashion, from his letters, from his writings that have been read out, and from the things that he has recently said in this metropolis which have been witnessed to by others; and as a result we have been compelled of necessity both by We have found him out thinking and speaking in an impious fashion, from his letters, from his writings that have been read out, and from the things that he has recently said in this metropolis which have been witnessed to by others; and as a result we have been compelled of necessity both by
Our lord Jesus Christ, who has been blasphemed by him, has determined through this most holy synod that the same Nestorius should be stripped of his episcopal dignity and removed from the college of priests.
The holy and ecumenical synod, gathered together in Ephesus at the behest of the most pious princes, [sends greeting] to the bishops, priests, deacons and the whole people in every province and city.
When we had gathered together in accordance with the pious decree in the metropolis of Ephesus, some separated themselves from us, a little more than thirty in number. The leader of this apostasy was John, bishop of Antioch, and their names are as follows: First the same John, bishop of Antioch in Syria, [the names of 33 other eastern bishops follow]
These men, despite the fact that they were members of the ecclesiastical community, had no licence either to do harm through their priestly dignity or to do good, because some among their number had already been deposed. Their support of the views of Nestorius and Celestius was clearly shown by their refusal to condemn Nestorius together with us. By a common decree the sacred synod has expelled them from ecclesiastical communion and deprived them of the exercise of their priestly office, through which they have been able to harm some and help others.
Since it is necessary that those who were absent from the synod and remained in the country or the city, on account of their own church affairs or because of their health, should not be ignorant of the decisions formulated concerning these matters, we make it known to your holinesses that if any metropolitan of a province dissents from the holy and ecumenical synod and attaches himself to the assembly of the revolters, or should do so later, or should he have adopted the opinions of Celestius, or do so in the future, such a one is deprived of all power to take steps against the bishops of his province. Since it is necessary that those who were absent from the synod and remained in the country or the city, on account of their own church affairs or because of their health, should not be ignorant of the decisions formulated concerning these matters, we make it known to your holinesses that if any metropolitan of a province dissents from the holy and ecumenical synod and attaches himself to the assembly of the revolters, or should do so later, or should he have adopted the opinions of Celestius, or do so in the future, such a one is deprived of all power to take steps against the bishops of his province. He is thereby cast out by the synod from all ecclesiastical communion and is deprived of all ecclesiastical authority. Instead he is to be subjected to the bishops of his own province and the surrounding metropolitans, provided they be orthodox, even to the extent of being completely deposed from the rank of bishop.
If any provincial bishops have absented themselves from the holy synod and have either attached themselves or attempted to attach themselves to the apostasy, or after subscribing the deposition of Nestorius have returned to the assembly of apostates, these, according to the decision of the holy synod, are to be deprived of the priesthood and deposed from their rank. If any provincial bishops have absented themselves from the holy synod and have either attached themselves or attempted to attach themselves to the apostasy, or after subscribing the deposition of Nestorius have returned to the assembly of apostates, these, according to the decision of the holy synod , are to be deprived of the priesthood and deposed from their rank.