Jews of all classes and ways of thinking look forward to the Passover holidays with the same eagerness as Christians do to Christmastide.猶太人的各階層和思維方式，期待著逾越節假期，同時渴望作為基督徒要做christmastide 。 It is for them the great event of the year.這是為他們的偉大盛事的一年。 With the exception of the Temple sacrifices, their manner of observing it differs but little from that which obtained in the time of Christ.除與廟犧牲，他們的態度，觀察它不同於但卻很少從其中獲得的，在時間的喊聲。 Directions for keeping the feast were carefully laid down in the Law (see Exodus 12, 13, etc.), and carried out with great exactness after the Exile.方向保持盛宴經審慎訂定，在法律上（見流亡12年， 13年等） ，進行了極為精確後流亡國外。
THE PREPARATION編寫
The feast of the Passover begins on the fourteenth day of Nisan (a lunar month which roughly corresponds with the latter part of March and the first part of April) and ends with the twenty-first.節日逾越節開始第十四天尼散月14日（正月大致相當於同後者的一部分， 3月和第一部分4月） ，並結束與第21 。 The Jews now, as in ancient times, make elaborate preparations for the festival.猶太人現在，在遠古時代，作出詳細的準備工作，以便節。 Every house is subjected to a thorough spring cleaning.每一個房子是受到了徹底的大掃除。
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Some days before the feast, culinary and other utensils to be used during the festival are carefully and legally purified from all contact with leaven, or leavened bread.若干天前宴，烹飪和其他用具被用作節日期間正審慎和具有法律純化所有接觸尚基，或有酵麵包。 They are then said to be kosher.他們是那麼說是猶太教。 Special sets of cooking and table utensils are not unfrequently kept in every household.特別套菜和表食具不unfrequently存放在每個家庭。
On the evening of the thirteenth, after dark, the head of the house makes the "search for leaven" according to the manner indicated in the Mishna (Tractate Pesachim, I), which is probably the custom followed by the Jews for at least two thousand years.對今晚的第十三，入夜後，主管內務，使"尋找神曲" ，據該地表示，在mishna （ tractate pesachim ，我） ，這可能是風俗其次是猶太人，在至少兩個5000年。 The search is made by means of a lighted wax candle.搜索是通過一個被點燃的蠟燭。 A piece of ordinary, or leavened, bread is left in some conspicuous place, generally on a window-sill.一塊普通的事情，或有酵，麵包是遺留在一些比較突出的地方，從總體上的一個窗口-坎。 The search begins by a prayer containing a reference to the command to put away all leaven during the feast.搜索始於一個祈禱含有一個參考，以指揮向遠離一切尚基在盛宴。 The place of the piece of bread just mentioned is first marked to indicate the beginning of the search.地方的一塊麵包剛才提到的是第一次，標誌著以顯示開始搜索。 The whole house is then carefully examined, and all fragments of leaven are carefully collected on a large spoon or scoop by means of a brush or bundle of quills.整個房子，然後仔細檢查，而所有片段的酵母都是精心收集的一個大勺子或勺子的方式刷或捆綁的quills 。 The search is ended by coming back to the piece of bread with which it began.搜查結束回來了一塊麵包與它開始了。 This, also is collected on the scoop.這一點，也就是收集關於獨家消息。 The latter, with its contents, and the brush are then carefully tied up in a bundle and suspended over a lamp to prevent mice from scattering leaven during the night and necessitating a fresh search.後者，其內容，並刷，然後仔細捆綁，在捆綁，並暫停超過一盞燈，以防止老鼠從散射尚基在夜間和有必要重新搜索。 The master of the house then proclaims in Aramaic that all the leaven that is in his house, of which he is unaware, is to him no more than dust.這家的主人，然後宣布在阿拉姆語所有尚基就是在他的房子，他不知道，是他不超過灰塵。
During the forenoon of the next day (fourteenth) all the leaven that remains is burnt, and a similar declaration is made.在forenoon的第二天（第十四）所有尚基剩下的工作就是燒毀，類似的宣言了。 From this time till the evening of the 22nd, when the feast ends, only unleavened bread is allowed.從這個時間到晚上22日，當盛宴結束後，只有無酵餅，是不允許的。 The legal time when the use of leavened bread was prohibited was understood to be the noon on the fourteenth Nisan; but the rabbis, in order to run no risks, and to place a hedge around the Law, anticipated this by one or two hours.法律的時候，使用的酵餅禁止被理解為中午就第十四尼散，但猶太教士，為了經營無風險，並把保值圍繞法律，預計這個由一個或兩個小時。
THE PASCHAL FEAST逾越盛宴
On this day, the fourteenth, the first-born son of each family, if he be above thirteen, fasts in memory of the deliverance of the first-born of the Israelites, when the destroying angel passed over Egypt.就在這一天，第14 ，第一個出生的兒子的每一個家庭，如果他被13個以上的，必須依照記憶的救贖的第一個出生的猶太人，當摧毀天使轉交埃及。 On the evening of the fourteenth the male members of the family, attired in their best, attend special services in the synagogue.對今晚的第十四該家庭中的男性成員，也整齊，在他們最好的，參加的特別服務，在猶太教堂。
On their return home they find the house lit up and the Seder, or Paschal Table, prepared.他們回家，他們找到房子照得和seder ，或逾越表，準備。 The head of the family takes his place at the head of the table, where there is an arm-chair prepared for him with cushions or pillows.一家之主考慮自己的位置在頭部的表中，只要有一個ARM主持準備為他墊或枕頭。 A similar chair is also ready for the mistress of the house.類似的椅子也準備為情婦的房子。 The meal is called Seder by the Ashkenaziac Jews, and Haggadah (because of the story of the deliverance recited during it) by the Sephardic Jews.飯後，是所謂seder由ashkenaziac猶太人，並haggadah （因為這個故事的解脫背誦過程中，它）所sephardic猶太人。 All the members of the Jewish family, including servants, sit round the table.全體成員組成的猶太人家庭，包括公務員，坐在談判桌上。
In front of the head of the family is the Seder-dish, which is of such a kind as to allow three unleavened cakes or matzoth, each wrapped in a napkin, to be placed on it one above the other.在前面的一家之主是seder碟，這是這樣的一種作為，讓三無酵餅或matzoth ，每包在餐巾，放在它上面的一個，其他。 A shank bone of lamb (with a small portion of meat attached) which has been roasted on the coals is placed, together with an egg that has been roasted in hot ashes, on another dish above the three unleavened cakes. 1脛骨羊肉（以一小部分的肉附後） ，其中已燒上煤放在一起，與一個雞蛋已被烤熱的骨灰，就又拋出上述三個無酵餅。 The roasted shank represents the Paschal lamb, and the roasted egg the chagigah, or free will offerings, made daily in the Temple.燒肉小腿代表逾越節羔羊，和烤雞蛋的chagigah ，或免費將產品，每天都在寺廟中。 Bitter herbs, such as parsley and horseradish, a kind of sop called charoseth, consisting of various fruits pounded into a mucilage and mixed with vinegar, and salt water, are arranged in different vessels, sometimes disposed like candelabra above the leavened bread.苦菜，如香菜和辣根，種燮所謂charoseth構成，各種水果的衝擊，成為膠漿及混合與醋，鹽和水，安排在不同的船隻，有時處置像燭台以上酵麵包。 The table is also furnished with wine, and cups or glasses for each person, an extra cup being always left for the prophet Elias, whom they expect as the precursor of the Messiah.桌上還備有酒，三杯或眼鏡，為每個人，額外杯被永遠留下，為先知的愛麗絲，他們期望為先導的彌賽亞。
The First Cup第一杯
When all are seated around the table the first cup of wine is poured out for each.當大家都坐在會議桌周圍的第一杯酒是澆出每個。 The head of the house rises and thanks God for the fruits of the vine and for the great day which they are about to celebrate.主管內務上升，並感謝上帝，為果實的藤蔓，為偉大的一天，他們正準備慶祝。 He then sits down and drinks his cup of wine in a reclining posture, leaning on his left arm.然後他坐下和他喝一杯酒，在一個躺椅姿態，在學習上他的左手臂。 The others drink at the same time.其他飲料在同一時間舉行。 In the time of the Temple the poorest Jew was to drink four cups of wine during this joyful meal; and if he happened to be too poor, it was to be supplied out of public funds.在時間的廟宇最貧窮的猶太人是喝四杯酒，在這歡樂的膳食;如果他正好是太窮了，它是用來提供了公共資金。 Though four cups are prescribed, the quantity is not restricted to that amount.雖然有四個杯，是明，數量，不局限於這個數額。 Some water is generally added to the wine.有些水是普遍增加了酒。 In early days red wine was used; but on account of the fear of fostering the groundless blood accusations against Jews, this usage was discontinued.在早期的紅葡萄酒，用，但對戶口的恐懼，培養，無端指責血液對猶太人，這種用法被迫中止。 Unfermented raisin wine or Palestinian wine is now generally used.未葡萄乾酒或巴勒斯坦葡萄酒是現在人們普遍使用的。
The Bitter Herbs and Afikoman該苦菜和afikoman
After drinking the first cup the master rises and washes his hands, the others remaining seated, and Eldersheim is of the opinion that it was at this point of the supper that Christ washed the disciples feet.喝酒後的第一杯主升洗他的手外，其它剩餘的座位，並eldersheim是認為，它在這一點上的晚飯基督沖刷弟子雙腳。 After washing his hands, the head of the family sits down, takes a small quantity of bitter herbs, dips them in salt water, and eats them, reclining on his left elbow.水洗後，他的雙手，一家之主坐下，需使用少量的苦菜，發放他們在鹹水，吃他們的躺椅上他的左手肘。 Jewish interpreters say that only the first Passover was to be eaten standing, and with circumstances of haste.猶太口譯員說只有第一次的逾越節是吃常委，並同的情況下，不能操之過急。 During the Passovers commemorative of the first they reclined "like a king [or free man] at his ease, and not as slaves" -- in this probably following the example of the independent Romans with whom they came into contact.在紀念逾越節的第一，他們傾斜外， "像一個國王[或自由的人] ，在他的緩和，而不是作為奴隸" -在這可能效法獨立羅馬人與他們接觸到的。 After the head of the family has eaten his portion of bitter herbs, he takes similar portions, dips them in salt water, and hands them round to be eaten by the others.經過家長的觀念已吃掉他的部分，苦菜，他以類似的部分，發放他們在鹹水，他們手中輪被吃掉別人。
He then takes out the middle unleavened cake, breaks it in two, and hides away one-half under a pillow or cushion, to be distributed and eaten after supper.然後，他拿出中無酵餅，休息，它在兩，並躲在離一個半下一個枕頭或墊，將分發給來吃晚餐後。 If this practice existed in the time of Christ, it is not improbable that it was from this portion, called afikoman, that the Eucharist was instituted.如果這種做法存在的時候，基督，是不是難以琢磨的，這是由這部分人，所謂afikoman ，即聖體聖事是建立了。 As soon as this portion is laid aside, the other half is replaced, the dish containing the unleavened cakes is uncovered, and all, standing up, take hold of the dish and solemnly lift it up, chanting slowly in Aramaic: "This is the bread of affliction which our fathers ate in Egypt. This year here, next year in Jerusalem. This year slaves, next year free."一旦這部分是擱置一旁，另一半則是取代了，菜含有酵餅是揭發，而所有，站起來，把握碟，並鄭重解除了，他們高喊慢慢在阿拉姆說： "這是麵包的通病，其中我們的父輩吃在埃及，今年在這裡，明年在耶路撒冷，這一年的奴隸，為明年的自由" 。
The Second Cup第二杯
The dish is then replaced and the shank bone, roasted egg, etc. restored to their places above it.盤，然後更換和脛骨，燒雞蛋等，以恢復其名額以上。 All sit down, and the youngest son asks why this night above all other nights they eat bitter herbs, unleavened bread, and in a reclining posture.全部坐下，最小的兒子問，為什麼這個夜晚，凌駕於其他一切夜他們所吃的苦菜，未經發酵的麵包，並在躺著的姿勢。 The head of the house then tells how their fathers were idolaters when God chose Abraham, how they were slaves in Egypt, how God delivered them, etc. God is praised and blessed for His wondrous mercies to their nation, and this first part of the ceremony is brought to a close by their breaking forth with the recitation of the first part of the Hallel (Psalms 112 and 114) and drinking the second cup of wine, which is triumphantly held aloft and called the cup of the Haggadah or story of deliverance.主管內務，然後告訴他們如何父親寫信時，上帝選擇了亞伯拉罕，他們如何奴隸，在埃及，神是怎麼投遞等，上帝是讚揚，並祝福他驚異的慈悲，以自己的民族和國家，而這第一部分的簽署儀式是為了使鄰近他們打破了與背誦的第一部分的hallel （詩篇112和114 ）和飲酒的第二杯酒，這是勝利高舉，並呼籲美洲杯的haggadah或故事的解脫。 。
The Meal Proper飯後適當
The ceremony so far has been only introductory.儀式上，至今已有不僅介紹。 The meal proper now begins.飯後適當的，現在開始。 First all wash their hands; the president then recites a blessing over the unleavened cakes, and, after having dipped small fragments of them in salt water, he eats them reclining.首先，所有勤洗手;主席接著朗誦祝福以上無酵餅，後浸小片段，他們在食鹽水，他吃他們的躺椅。 He next distributes pieces to the others.他接著分發件，以其他人。 He also takes some bitter herbs, dips them in the charoseth, and gives them to the others to be eaten.他還採取了一些苦菜，發放他們在charoseth ，並讓他們到其他被吃掉。 He next makes a kind of sandwich by putting a portion of horse-radish between two pieces of unleavened bread and hands it around, saying that it is in memory of the Temple and of Hillel, who used to wrap together pieces of the paschal lamb, unleavened bread, bitter herbs, and eat them, in fulfilment of the command of Exodus 12:8.他接著提出了種三明治立交橋部分馬匹蘿蔔兩件未經發酵的麵包及雙手，它靠近，說是為紀念廟的hillel ，那些用來包裝在一起件的逾越節羔羊，未經發酵的麵包，苦菜，和他們吃飯，在履行指揮逃亡12時08分。
The supper proper is now served, and consists of many courses of dishes loved by Jews, such as soup, fish, etc., prepared in curious ways unknown to Gentiles.該晚飯適當的，現在，並就包括許多課程的菜喜愛的猶太人，如湯，魚等，準備在好奇途徑不明，以外邦人。 At the end of the meal some of the children snatch the afikoman that has been hidden away, and it has to be redeemed by presents -- a custom probably arising from a mistranslation of the Talmud.在去年底的餐，有些兒童搶奪afikoman已被隱藏起來，並已被贖回禮物-一個定制所帶來的可能是從一個誤譯的猶太法典。 It is then divided between all present and eaten.這是當時分為兩派都出席並吃掉。 Oesterly and Box think that this is a survival from an earlier time when a part of the paschal lamb was kept to the end and distributed, so as to be the last thing eaten. oesterly和票房認為這是一種生存，從一個更早的時候，當部分的逾越節羔羊保持到年底，並分發等，以成為最後的東西吃掉。
The Third Cup第三杯
When the afikoman is eaten, the third cup is filled; and grace after meals is said, and the third cup drunk in a reclining posture.當afikoman是吃了，第三杯是填補;寬限期後，吃飯是說，第三杯酒後，在躺著的姿勢。 A cup of wine is now poured out for the prophet Elias, in a dead silence which is maintained for some time, and the door is opened.一杯葡萄酒，現在倒為先知的愛麗絲，在一個鴉雀無聲，這是維持了一段時間後，和開門。 Imprecations against unbelievers, taken from the Psalms and Lamentations, are then recited. imprecations反對愚昧，從聖歌和悲嘆，然後背誦。 These were introduced only during the Middle Ages.這些被引入只有在中世紀。
The Fourth Cup第四杯
After this the fourth cup is filled and the great Hallel (Psalms 115-118) and a prayer of praise are recited.之後，這四杯是填補和大hallel （詩篇115-118 ） ，並禱告讚美是背誦。 Before drinking the fourth cup, the Jews of some countries recite five poetical pieces and then the fourth cup is drunk.前喝第四杯，猶太人的一些國家朗誦詩歌五件，然後在第四杯是喝醉了。 At the end a prayer asking God to accept what they have done is added.在結束禱告祈求主接受他們做的卻是補充。 Among the German and Polish Jews this prayer is followed by popular songs.其中德國和波蘭猶太人這種禱告其次是流行歌曲。
THE REMAINDER OF PASSOVER WEEK其餘的逾越節週
The same ceremonies are observed the next evening.同樣的儀式是觀察到翌日晚上。 According to the Law the fifteenth and twenty-first were to be kept as solemn festivals and days of rest.根據該法第15和第21名，以保持莊嚴的節日和休息日。 At present the fifteenth and sixteenth, the twenty-first and twenty-second are whole holidays, a custom introduced among the Jews of the Dispersion to make sure that they fulfilled the precepts of the Law on the proper day.目前，第十五和第十六，二十一和二十二次，是整個假期，風俗介紹了其中的猶太人分散，以確保他們履行戒律法就妥善一天。 The other days are half-holidays.另一天，有一半假期。 Special services are held in the synagogues throughout the Passover week.特別服務是在猶太教堂在整個一周的逾越節。 Formerly the date of the Pasch was fixed by actual observations [Schurer, History of the Jewish People (Edinburgh, 1902), I, II, Append.從前日起該pasch是固定的，由實際觀測[ schurer ，歷史上的猶太人民（愛丁堡， 1902 ） ，一，二，附錄。 3]. 3 ] 。 It is now deduced from astronomical calculations.現在是推斷，從天文計算。
Publication information Written by Cornelius Aherne.出版信息寫科尼利厄斯夏。 Transcribed by John Looby.轉錄約翰looby 。 The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume XI.天主教百科全書，體積十一。 Published 1911. 1911年出版。 New York: Robert Appleton Company.紐約：羅伯特Appleton還公司。 Nihil Obstat, February 1, 1911. nihil obstat ， 1911年2月1日。 Remy Lafort, STD, Censor.人頭馬lafort ，性病，檢查員。 Imprimatur. imprimatur 。 +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York +約翰farley樞機主教，大主教紐約
Bibliography
參考書目
OESTERLY AND BOX,
Religion and Worship of the synagogue (London, 1907); DEMBITZ, Jewish Services
in the Synagogue and Home (Philadelphia, 1898); GINSBURG in KITTO,
Cyclop. oesterly和方塊中，宗教和信仰的猶太教堂（倫敦， 1907年） ;登比茨，猶太服務在猶太教會堂和院（ 76人， 1898年）
;金斯伯格在kitto ， cyclop 。 Of Bibl.對bibl 。 Lit..; ABRAHAMS in HASTINGS,
Dict.點燃.. ;先鋒，在黑斯廷斯，字典。 Of the Bible, sv Passover; SMITH,
Bibl.對聖經sv逾越節;史密斯， bibl 。 Dict.; ZANGWILL, Dreamers of the Ghetto
(London): JACOBS, Jewish Year Book (LONDON, annual); EDERSHEIM, Life and Times
of Jesus the Messiah, II (London, 1900), 479.字典; zangwill ，夢想家的猶太人區（倫敦）
：雅各布斯，猶太年鑑（倫敦，年度） ; edersheim ，貼近生活和時代的耶穌是彌賽亞，二（倫敦， 1900 ） ， 479 。
This subject presentation in the original English language這一主題演講，在原有的英語
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