Manuscripts are written, as opposed to printed, copies of the original text or of a version either of the whole Bible or of a part thereof.手稿是寫，與之相反，印刷，複製該原文或一個版本，無論是對整個聖經或一個部分。 After introductory remarks on manuscripts in general, we shall take up in detail the Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Syriac, Armenian, and Coptic manuscripts of the Bible; manuscripts of other versions are not important enough to come within the scope of this article.經過開場白就手稿一般而言，我們應採取行動，詳細希伯來文，希臘文，拉丁文，敘利亞文，亞美尼亞語，科普特和手稿的聖經;手稿的其他版本並不重要，足以屬於這一條的範圍。
I. IN GENERAL一，在一般
Manuscripts may be conveniently divided into papyrus and vellum manuscripts.手稿，可方便地分為紙莎草和vellum手稿。
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In the Roman Empire of the first three centuries of our era, papyrus was the ordinary writing material.在羅馬帝國的第一三個世紀的我們這個時代，紙莎草是普通的書寫材料。 Made out of strips of pith taken from the stem of the Egyptian water-plant of the same name, papyrus was very fragile, became brittle in air, crumbled with use, could not resist the disintegrating force of moisture and was quite impracticable for book-form.出於試紙條的精髓，從幹的埃及水植物的名字相同，紙莎草是非常脆弱的，成為脆性在空氣中，捏碎使用，是無法抗拒的力量分崩離析的水分和是相當不切實際的書-形式。 All papyrus manuscripts of every sort are lost to us save such as were buried in exceedingly dry soil, like that of Upper and Middle Egypt.所有紙莎草紙手稿盡是輸給了我們節省如被埋葬在極其乾燥的土壤，這樣的高層及中層埃及。 Here the ignorant fellaheen at one time wantonly destroyed vast quantities of papyrus manuscripts.這裡無知fellaheen在同一時間，肆意破壞大量的紙莎草紙手稿。 Egyptian excavators now prevent such destruction and keep on adding to our very considerable collections of papyri.埃及大型挖掘機現已防止這種破壞，並不斷加入到我們相當多的收藏品papyri 。 It is more than likely that the New Testament sacred writers or their scribes used ink and rolls of fragile papyrus for their autographa (2 Corinthians 3:3; 2 John 12).這是多可能是新約聖經的神聖作者或他們的文士用墨水和捲紙脆弱的紙莎草紙，為他們autographa （ 2哥林多前書3時03分， 2約翰12 ） 。 These original manuscripts probably perished towards the end of the first or the opening of the second century.這些原始手稿大概滅亡接近年底的第一或日開幕的第二個世紀。 We find no trace of them in either the Apostolic or the apologetic Fathers, -- unless we except Tertullian's words, "the authentic letters of the Apostles themselves", which are now generally set aside as rhetorical.我們找不到踪影，他們無論在使徒或歉意，父親， -除非我們除了戴爾都良的話說，是"正宗的信件使徒們自己" ，這是現在人們普遍預留作為修辭。 A significant proof of the early loss of the autograph copies of the New Testament is the fact that Irenæus never appeals to the original writings but only to all the painstaking and ancient copies (en pasi tois spoudaiois kai archaiois antigraphois), to the witness of those that saw John face to face (kai martyrounton auton ekeinon ton katopsin ton Ioannen heorakoton), and to the internal evidence of the written word (kai tou logou didaskontos hemas).一個重要的證據初期虧損的親筆份的新約聖經，是一個事實，即irenæus從來沒有上訴至原來的著作，而只是向所有的艱辛和古老的副本（中文帕西帕託卡tois spoudaiois啟archaiois antigraphois ） ，以見證者即看到約翰面對面（啟martyrounton自主ekeinon噸katopsin噸ioannen heorakoton ） ，並在內部證據的文字（啟鈄洛古didaskontos赫馬族） 。
(2) Vellum manuscripts （ 2 ） vellum手稿
Egypt clung to her papyrus rolls until the eighth century and even later.埃及醉心於她的紙莎草紙輥，直到8世紀，甚至更晚。 Vellum had been used before the time of Christ (cf. Pliny, "Historia Naturalis", xiii, 11), and during the time of the Apostles (2 Timothy 4:13). vellum已使用過的時候，基督（參見普林尼， "歷史naturalis " ， 13 ， 11 ） ，並且在時間的使徒（ 2蒂莫西4時13分） 。 In the third century, it began, outside of Egypt, to supersede papyrus; in the early part of the fourth century vellum and the codex, or book-form, gained complete victory over papyrus and the roll-form.在第三個世紀，它開始時，外面的埃及，以取代紙莎草紙，在年初的四世紀vellum和食品法典委員會，或簿記形式，得到了徹底戰勝紙莎草和唱名形式。 When Constantine founded his capital of the Byzantine Empire, he ordered Eusebius to have fifty manuscripts of the Bible made on vellum (somatia en diphtherais) for use in the churches of Byzantium (Vita Constant., IV, 36).當君士坦丁創立了資本的拜占庭帝國，他下令尤西比烏斯有50手稿聖經作出vellum （ somatia恩diphtherais ）用於在教堂的拜占庭（履歷表常數，四， 36 ） 。 To the fourth century belong the earliest extant Biblical manuscripts of anything but fragmentary size.到了第四世紀屬於最早現存的聖經手稿什麼，但零碎的大小。
(3) Palimpsests （ 3 ） palimpsests
Some vellum manuscripts of the greatest importance are palimpsests (from Lat. palimpsestum, Gr. palimpsestos, "scraped again"), -- that is, they were long ago scraped a second time with pumice-stone and written upon anew.一些vellum手稿最重要的是palimpsests （從北緯palimpsestum ，遺傳資源。 palimpsestos " ，又刮" ） ，那就是-他們早已廢棄，第二次與浮石石和書面後重新註冊。 The discovery of palimpsests led to the reckless of bigoted charge of wholesale destruction of Biblical manuscripts by the monks of old.發現palimpsests導致盲目上的頑固負責批發銷毀聖經手稿，由僧侶歲。 That there was some such destruction is clear enough from the decree of a Greek synod of AD 691, which forbade the use of palimpsest manuscripts either of the Bible or of the Fathers, unless they were utterly unserviceable (see Wattenbach, "Das Schriftwessen im Mittelalter", 1896, p. 299).有一些這種破壞行為是不夠清楚，從法令的一個希臘主教的專案691 ，其中禁止使用palimpsest手稿一方聖經或父親，除非他們根本無法使用（見瓦滕巴赫"之schriftwessen的IM mittelalter " ， 1896年，頁299 ） 。 That such destruction was not wholesale, but had to do with only worn or damaged manuscripts, is in like manner clear enough from the significant fact that as yet no complete work of any kind has been found on a palimpsest.這種破壞是不批發，但不得不做的只有陳舊或損壞手稿，是在喜歡的方式不夠清楚，從顯著的事實，我們還沒有完成的工作，任何種類已發現的一個palimpsest 。 The deciphering of a palimpsest may at times be accomplished merely by soaking it in clear water; generally speaking, some chemical reagent is required, in order to bring back the original writing.該破譯一個palimpsest有時可能只是進行浸泡在清水;一般而言，一些化學試劑需要，為了使回原來的寫作。 Such chemical reagents are an infusion of nutgalls, Gioberti's tincture and hydrosulphuret of ammonia; all do harm to the manuscript.這種化學試劑注入nutgalls ， gioberti的酊hydrosulphuret的氨;所有傷害手稿。 Wattenbach, a leading authority on the subject, says: "More precious manuscripts, in proportion to the existing supply, have been destroyed by the learned experimenters of our time than by the much abused monks of old."瓦滕巴赫，一個領導權威就此事說： "更為珍貴手稿，在比例，以現有的供應量，已被銷毀所學到實驗者我們的時間比由許多虐待僧侶舊" 。
II.二。 HEBREW MANUSCRIPTS希伯來手稿
(1) Age （ 1 ）年齡
(a) Pre-Massoretic text （一）會前massoretic文本
The earliest Hebrew manuscript is the Nash papyrus.最早的希伯來手稿是納什紙莎草。 There are four fragments, which, when pieced together, give twenty-four lines of a pre-Massoretic text of the Ten Commandments and the shema (Exodus 20:2-17; Deuteronomy 5:6-19; 6:4-5).有四個片段，其中的時候，拼湊起來的，給予24線的先決massoretic文本十誡和架構（出埃及記20:2-17 ;申命記5:6-19 ; 6:4-5 ） 。 The writing is without vowels and seems palæographically to be not later than the second century.寫作是無元音似乎palæographically將不遲於公元二世紀。 This is the oldest extant Bible manuscript (see Cook, "A Pre-Massoretic Biblical Papyrus" in "Proceed. of the Soc. of Bib. Arch.", Jan., 1903).這是現存最古老的聖經手稿（見廚師， "預massoretic聖經紙莎草" ，在"著手。該芯片的背帶褲。拱橋" ， 1月， 1903年） 。 It agrees at times with the Septuagint against the Massorah.它同意在時代與septuagint對massorah 。 Another pre- Massoretic text is the Samaritan Pentateuch.另一個預massoretic文本是撒瑪利亞pentateuch 。 The Samaritan recension is probably pre-exilic; it has come down to us free from Massoretic influences, is written without vowels and in Samaritan characters.撒瑪利亞recension可能是前exilic ;了將票投給我們免於massoretic影響，又是寫，沒有元音和撒瑪利亞字。 The earliest Samaritan manuscript extant is that of Nablûs, which was formerly rated very much earlier than all Massoretic manuscripts, but is now assigned to the twelfth or thirteenth century AD Here mention should be made of the non-Massoretic Hebrew manuscripts of the Book of Ecclesiasticus.最早撒瑪利亞手稿現存的是，對nablûs ，它的前身是額定很遠早於所有massoretic手稿，但現在已經分配到第十二或十三世紀專案這裡應該提到了非massoretic希伯來手稿本書的ecclesiasticus 。 These fragments, obtained from a Cairo genizah (a box for wornout or cast-off manuscripts), belong to the tenth or eleventh century of our ear.這些片段，獲得了從開羅genizah （一箱磨損或投過稿） ，屬於第10或11世紀的我們耳朵。 They provide us with more than a half of Ecclesiasticus and duplicate certain portions of the book.他們為我們提供了一半以上的ecclesiasticus和重複某些部分的圖書。 Many scholars deem that the Cairo fragments prove Hebrew to have been the original language of Ecclesiasticus (see "Facsimiles of the Fragments hitherto recovered of the Book of Ecclesiasticus in Hebrew", Oxford and Cambridge, 1901).許多學者認為開羅片段證明希伯來語已看原文的ecclesiasticus （見"傳真機的片段至今追回的這本書的ecclesiasticus希伯來文" ，牛津大學和劍橋大學， 1901年） 。
(b) Massoretic text （二） massoretic文本
All other Hebrew manuscripts of the Bible are Massoretic (see MASSORAH), and belong to the tenth century or later.其他所有希伯來手稿聖經是massoretic （見massorah ） ，屬於10世紀或更晚。 Some of these manuscripts are dated earlier.部分這些手稿都是過時。 Text-critics consider these dates to be due either to intentional fraud or to uncritical transcription of dates of older manuscripts.純文字評論家認為這些日期是由於無論是有意欺詐或以批判的轉錄日期老年人的手稿。 For instance, a codex of the Former and Latter Prophets, how in the Karaite synagogue of Cairo, is dated AD 895; Neubauer assigns it to the eleventh or thirteenth century.舉例來說，一個法典的前後期先知，如何在karaite猶太教堂的開羅，日期是公元895 ; neubauer賦值至第11位或13世紀。 The Cambridge manuscript no.劍橋手稿沒有。 12, dated AD 856, he marks as a thirteenth-century work; the date AD 489, attached to the St. Petersburg Pentateuch, he rejects as utterly impossible (see Studia Biblica, III, 22). 12月廣告856起，標誌著他作為第十三世紀的工作;日期專案489個，附於聖彼得堡pentateuch ，他拒絕接受，因為根本不可能（見studia biblica ，三， 22 ） 。 Probably the earliest Massoretic manuscripts are: "Prophetarium Posteriorum Codex Bablyonicus Petropolitanus", dated AD 916; the St. Petersburg Bible, written by Samuel ben Jacob and dated AD 1009; and "Codex Oriental. 4445" in the British Museum, which Ginsburg (Introduction, p. 469) assigns to AD 820-50.大概是最早massoretic手稿是： " prophetarium posteriorum法典bablyonicus petropolitanus " ，日期為公元916人;聖彼得堡聖經寫塞繆爾奔雅各並註明日期的專案1009名;及"食品法典委員會東方。 4445年" ，在大英博物館，其中金斯伯格（導言，頁469 ）委派至公元820-50 。 The text critics differ very widely in the dates they assign to certain Hebrew manuscripts.該文批評差別非常廣泛，在日期，他們轉讓給某些希伯來手稿。 De Rossi is included to think that at most nine or ten Massoretic manuscripts are earlier than the twelfth century (Variæ Lectiones, I, p. xv).德羅西是列入認為，在大多數九年或十年massoretic手稿是早於12世紀（ variæ lectiones ，我，第十五頁） 。
(2) Number （ 2 ）數量
Kennicott, the first critical student of the Massoretic text, either examined or had others examine 16 Samaritan manuscripts, some 40 printed texts and 638 Massoretic manuscripts (see "Dissertatio Generalis in Vetus Testam. Hebraicum", Oxford, 1780).肯尼科特，首次臨界學生的massoretic文本中，無論是研究，還是其他研究16撒瑪利亞手稿，大約40個印刷文本和638 massoretic手稿（見" ，是一般dissertatio在老testam 。 hebraicum " ，牛津， 1780 ） 。 He numbered these manuscripts in six groups: nos.他的編號，這些手稿在6個組：雙數。 1-88, Oxford manuscripts; nos. 1-88 ，牛津手稿;雙數。 89-144, other manuscripts of English-speaking countries; nos. 89-144外，其他手稿的以英語為母語的國家;雙數。 145-254, manuscripts of continental Europe; nos. 145-254 ，手稿的歐洲大陸;雙數。 255-300, printed texts and various manuscripts; nos. 255-300 ，印刷文本和各種手稿;雙數。 301-694, manuscripts collated by Brunsius. 301-694 ，手稿整理brunsius 。 De Rossi (Variæ Lectiones Vet. Test.) retained the numeration of Kennicott and added a list of 479 manuscripts, all his own personal property, of which unfortunately 17 had already received numbers from Kennicott.德羅西（ variæ lectiones審核。試驗） 。保留計數肯尼科特和補充名單，共有479人的手稿，他的所有個人財產，其中17個不幸已經收到號碼由肯尼科特。 De Rossi later added four supplementary lists of 110, 52, 37, and 76 manuscripts.德羅西後來又補充四個名單， 110 ， 52 ， 37和76的手稿。 He brought the number of Massoretic manuscripts up to 1375.他帶來多少massoretic手稿直至1375年。 No one has since undertaken so colossal a critical study of the Hebrew manuscripts.沒有人答應，因為如此龐大的一個重要研究希伯來文手稿。 A few of the chief manuscripts are more exactly collated and compared in the critical editions of the Massoretic text which were done by S. Baer and Fr.少數行政手稿更確切地整理，並比較了臨界版本的massoretic文本，其中所做的第Baer和神父。 Delitzsch and by Ginsburg. delitzsch和金斯伯格。 To the vast number of Hebrew manuscripts examined by Kennicott and De Rossi must be added some 2000 manuscripts of the Imperial Library of St. Petersburg, which Firkowitsch collated at Tschufut-Kale ("Jews' Rock") in the Crimea (see Strack, "Die biblischen und massoretischen Handschriften zü Tschufut-Kale" in "Zeits. für luth. Theol. und Kirche", 1875).給廣大的希伯來手稿審查肯尼科特和德羅西還必須加上一些手稿， 2000年的帝國圖書館的聖彼得堡，其中firkowitsch整理，在tschufut -芥藍（下稱"猶太人'岩" ） ，在克里米亞（見strack "模具biblischen und massoretischen handschriften zü tschufut -羽衣甘藍" ， " zeits 。 f黵luth 。 theol 。 und kirche " ， 1875年） 。
(3) Worth （ 3 ）價值
The critical study of this rich assortment of about 3400 Massoretic rolls and codices is not so promising of important results as it would at first thought seem to be.關鍵研究這一豐富的品類大約3400個massoretic名冊，並codices不是那麼有前途的重要成果，因為這將在首先想到的似乎是。 The manuscripts are all of quite recent date, if compared with Greek, Latin, and Syriac codices.這些手稿都是最近才收到日期，如果比較希臘語，拉丁語，敘利亞文codices 。 They are all singularly alike.他們都是奇異樂趣。 Some few variants are found in copies made for private use; copies made for public service in the synagogues are so uniform as to deter the critic from comparing them.有的幾種變體被發現在複製品作私人用途;複製品，為市民服務，在猶太教堂是如此的統一，以阻嚇影評人，從比較。 All Massoretic manuscripts bring us back to one editor -- that of a textual tradition which probably began in the second century and became more and more minute until every jot and tittle of the text was almost absolutely fixed and sacred.所有massoretic手稿，使我們回到一個編輯器-對一個文本傳統，這可能開始於公元二世紀，並成為越來越多分鐘，直至每一個記事本和微量的文本幾乎是絕對固定和神聖。 R. Aqiba seems to have been the head of this Jewish school of the second century.傳譯aqiba似乎已被主管這個猶太學校的第二個世紀。 Unprecedented means were taken to keep the text fixed.前所未有的方式被帶到保持文字固定。 The scholars counted the words and consonants of each book, the middle word and middle consonants, the peculiarities of script, etc. Even when such peculiarities were clearly due to error or to accident, they were perpetuated and interpreted by a mystical meaning.學者們算的話和輔音的每一本書，中間一個字，中間輔音，特別之處腳本等，即使這種特殊性，顯然是由於錯誤或意外，他們延續和解釋由一種神秘的意義。 Broken and inverted letters, consonants that were too small or too large, dots which were out of place -- all these oddities were handed down as God-intended.破碎和倒排字母，輔音被太小或過大，但點，其中出的地方-所有這些奇特被移交下來，因為神的原意。 In Gen., ii, 4, bebram ("when they were created"), all manuscripts have a small Hê.在將軍，二，四， bebram （ "時，他們創造了" ） ，所有的手稿有一個小hê 。 Jewish scholars looked upon this peculiarity as inspired; they interpreted it: "In the letter Hê he created them"; and then set themselves to find out what that meant.This lack of variants in Massoretic manuscripts leaves us hopeless of reaching back to the original Hebrew text save through the versions.猶太學者又將這一特殊性，作為振奮，他們解釋說： "在信中hê他創造了" ;然後自己確定，以了解是什麼meant.this缺乏變異體在massoretic手稿，我們只好無望達成恢復至原來的希伯來文救通過的版本。 Kittel in his splendid Hebrew text gives such variants as the versions suggest. kittel在他輝煌的希伯萊文給出了這種變體作為版本的建議。
III.三。 GREEK MANUSCRIPTS希臘手稿
(1) In General （ 1 ）在一般
Greek manuscripts are divided into two classes according to their style of writing -- uncials and minuscules.希臘手稿分成兩班，根據他們的文風-u ncials和m inuscules。
(a) Uncials were written between the fourth and tenth centuries, with large and disconnected letters. （一） uncials寫之間的第四和第十世紀，大和斷開信。 These letters were not capitals but had a distinctive form: epsilon, sigma, and omega were not written EPSILON, SIGMA, OMEGA, as are those capitals in inscriptions; rho, phi, psi, and at times upsilon were prolonged above or below the line.這些信件不是首都，但有一個獨特的方式：在29日，西格瑪，歐米茄都是不寫在29日，西格瑪，歐米茄，至於是那些省會城市題字; rho ，潛在危險裝置，防擴散安全倡議，並於次upsilon被長期高於或低於此線。 Words were not separated; neither accents nor punctuation marks were used; paragraphs were marked off only by a very small lacuna; the letters were uniform and artistic; ligatures were used only for the most ordinary words -- IC (Iesous), KC (Kyrios), XC (Christos), ICL (Israel), PNA (pneuma), DLD (David), ANOC (anthropos), PER (pater), MER (mater), OUC (pater), CER (soter), OUNOC (ouranos).字不被分割出去;既不口音，也沒有標點符號的使用;段落標記過只有一個很小的空隙;信件被制服和藝術;字均只用於最普通的話-集成電路（ i esous） ，陳家強（ k yrios ） ，越野（克里斯托） ，注射抑制化學發光（以色列） ，巴勒斯坦民族權力機構（ pneuma ） ，副法律草擬專員（大衛） ， anoc （ anthropos ） ， ％ （父親） ，經（材料） ， ouc （父親） ，核證的排減量（ SOTER的） ， ounoc （天空異物） 。 In the sixth century, began a decadence of the elegant uncial writing.在第六世紀，開始了頹廢的優雅uncial寫作。 Twists and turns were given to certain letters.歷經波折的人給予一定的信。 In the seventh century, more letters received flourishes; accents and breathings were introduced; the writing leaned to the right.在第七世紀，更多的信件收到詞藻;口音和breathings介紹;寫作傾斜，以正確的。
(b) Minuscules （二） minuscules
While uncials held sway in Biblical manuscripts, minuscules were employed in other works.而uncials舉行擺動，在聖經手稿， minuscules受僱於其他工程。 During the ninth century, both uncial and minuscule manuscripts of the Bible were written.在第九世紀，無論是uncial和微不足道手稿聖經寫的。 The latter show a form of writing so fully developed as to leave no doubt about its long standing use.後者表明，一種形式的寫作，所以充分開發，以不留下任何疑問，它的長期使用。 The letters are small, connected, and written with a running hand.信件大小，連通，並與書面跑動中手。 After the tenth century, minuscules were used until, in the fifteenth century, manuscripts were superceded by print.經過十世紀， minuscules被使用到，在15世紀，手稿被凌駕於印刷。
(2) Old Testament manuscripts （ 2 ）舊約聖經手稿
(a) Septuagint (LXX) （一） septuagint （ lxx ）
There are three families of Septuagint manuscripts -- the Hexaplaric, Hesychian, and Lucianic.有3個家庭的septuagint手稿-h exaplaric， h esychian， l ucianic。 Manuscripts of Origen's Hexapla and Tetrapla were preserved at Cæsarea by his disciple Pamphilus.手稿的淵源的hexapla和tetrapla被保存在cæsarea由他的弟子pamphilus 。 Some extant manuscripts (vg aleph and Q) refer in scholia to these gigantic works of Origen.一些現存的手稿（ vg aleph和Q ） ，是指在scholia這些巨大工程的淵源。 In the fourth century, Pamphilus and his disciple Eusebius of Cæsarea reproduced the fifth column of the Hexapla, ie Origen's Hexaplaric Septuagint text, with all his critical signs.在第四世紀， pamphilus和他的弟子尤西比烏斯的cæsarea轉載了第五縱隊的hexapla ，即淵源的hexaplaric septuagint文本，對他的所有關鍵標誌。 This copy is the source of the Hexaplaric family of Septuagint manuscripts.這個拷貝是源頭的hexaplaric家族septuagint手稿。 In course of time, scribes omitted the critical signs in part or entirely.在隨著時間的推移，文士遺漏了關鍵的跡象，在部分或完全的。 Passages wanting in the Septuagint, but present in the Hebrew, and consequently supplied by Origen from either Aquila or Tehodotion, were hopelessly commingled with passages of the then extant Septuagint.通道，要在septuagint ，但是，目前在希伯萊語，並因此提供的淵源無論從雕或tehodotion ，被絕望與有關通道，當時現存septuagint 。 Almost at the same time two other editions of the Septuagint were published -- those of Hesychius at Alexandria and of Lucian at Antioch.幾乎在同一時間，其他兩個版本的septuagint出版了-那些赫西基奧斯在亞歷山大和喬治在安提。 From these three editions the extant manuscripts of the Septuagint have descended, but by ways that have not yet been accurately traced.從上述三個版本現存手稿的septuagint已經下降，但方式還沒有得到準確的追查。 Very few manuscripts can be assigned with more than probability to one of the three families.極少數的手稿可以轉讓以上的概率為其中的3個家庭。 The Hexaplaric, Hesychian, and Lucianic manuscripts acted one upon the other.該hexaplaric ， hesychian ， lucianic手稿充當一個。 Most extant manuscripts of the Septuagint contain, as a result, readings of each and of none of the great families.大多數現存手稿的septuagint遏制，因此，讀每一個，沒有偉大的家庭。 The tracing of the influence of these three great manuscripts is a work yet to be done by the text-critics.追查的影響，這三個偉大的手稿是一個工作，但必須由文本提出批評。
Papyrus.紙莎草。 -- About sixteen fragments on papyrus are extant. -關於1 6個片段，對紙莎草是現存。 Of these, the most important are:其中，最重要的有：
Oxyrhyncus Pap. oxyrhyncus抹片。 656 (early third cent.), containing parts of Gen., xiv-xxvii, wherein most of the great vellum manuscripts are wanting. 656 （年初三。 ） ，其中載有部分將軍， 14 -二十七，其中，大部分的大vellum手稿現正通緝。
British Museum Pap.大英博物館的子宮頸。 37, at times called U (seventh cent.), containing part of Psalms (Hebrew) x-xxxiii. 37 ，有時稱為鈾（第七。 ） ，其中載有部分詩篇（希伯來文）的X三十三。
A Leipzig Pap.一萊比錫抹片。 (fourth cent.) containing Psalms xxix-liv. （第四。 ） ，其中載有詩篇第29號- 54 。 These two Psalters give us the text of Upper Egypt.這兩個psalters給我們的文本上埃及。
A Heidelberg Pap. 1海德堡抹片。 (seventh cent.) containing Azch., iv, 6-Mal., iv, 5. （第七屆。 ） ，其中載有azch ，四，六-仲裁法，四，五。
A Berlin Pap.柏林抹片。 (fourth or fifth cent.) containing about thirty chapters of Genesis. （第四或第五。 ） ，其中載有大約三十個章節的成因。
Vellum Uncial. vellum uncial 。 -- Parsons collated 13 uncial and 298 minuscule manuscripts of the Septuagint; the former he designated with Roman numerals, I-XIII, the latter with Arabic numbers, 14-311 (cf., "VT Græcum cum Variis Lectionibus", Oxford, 1798). -帕森斯整理， 1 3u ncial和2 98微不足道手稿的s eptuagint;前者他指定的羅馬數字，一至十三，而後者與阿拉伯數字， 1 4-311（參見" ， V T的g ræcum暨說不同l ectionibus" ，牛津， 1 798 ） 。 Legarde designated the uncials by Roman and Greek capitals. legarde指定uncials由羅馬和希臘的首都。 This designation is now generally accepted (cf. Swete, "Introduction to the Old Testament in Greek", Cambridge, 1902, 148).這個稱號是現在普遍接受的（參見swete ， "引進來，以舊約希臘文" ，劍橋， 1902年， 148 ） 。
aleph -- S, Cod. aleph -此，鱈魚。 Sinaiticus (fourth century; 43 leaves at Leipzig, 156 together with NT at St. Petersburg) contains fragments of Gen. and Num.; I Par., ix, 27-xix, 17; Esd. sinaiticus （第四世紀43葉片在萊比錫， 156加上新台幣在聖彼得堡）載有片段的將軍和序號。我相提並論，九， 27 - 19條， 17條;公共服務電子化。 ix, 9-end; Esth.; Tob.; Judith; I and IV Mach.; Isa.; Jer.; Lam., i, 1-ii, 20; Joel; Ab.-Mal.; the Poetical Books; the entire New Testament; the Epistle of Barnabas and part of the "Shepherd" of Hermas.九， 9月底; esth ;來的。 ;朱迪思我和四馬赫。 ;伊薩;哲;林，我， 1 -二，第20條;的Joel ; ab. -仲裁法;詩學書籍;整個新約聖經;墳墓的石碑，以及部分的"牧羊人"的hermas 。 The text is mixed.這個文本是好壞參半。 In Tobias it differs much from A and B. Its origin is doubtful.在托比亞斯它不同於許多由A和B其來源值得懷疑。 Two correctors (Ca and Cb) are of the seventh century.兩校正器（ CA和CB ）的是公元7世紀。 Ca tells us at the end of Esth.鈣告訴我們，在去年底esth 。 that he compared this manuscript with a very early copy, which Pamphilus testified had been taken from and corrected according to the Hexapla or Origen.他相比，這個手稿與極早拷貝，其中pamphilus證明已經採取了從彌補和糾正的，根據該hexapla或淵源。
A, or Cod.甲，或鱈魚。 Alexandrinus (fifth century; in British Museum) contains complete Bible (excepting Ps. 1-20-lxxx, 11, and smaller lacunæ) and includes deuterocanonical books and fragments, the apocryphal III and IV Mach., also I and II Clem. alexandrinus （五世紀，在大英博物館）載有完整的聖經（除常任1 - 20 - lxxx ， 11 ，和較小的lacunæ ） ，並包括次經書籍和碎片，猜測三和四馬赫，也I和II克蘭姆。 Its origin is Egyptian and may be Hesychian.它的起源是埃及和可hesychian 。 It differs much from B, especially in Judges.它不同於許多由B ，特別是在法官。 Two scribes wrote the manuscript.兩個文士寫的手稿。 The corrector belonged to about the same time.校正屬於大約同一時間舉行。
B, or Cod. B或鱈魚。 Vaticanus (fourth century; in the Vatican) contains complete Bible. vaticanus （第四世紀在梵蒂岡）載有完整的聖經。 The Old Testament lacks Gen., i, 1-xivi, 28; I and II Mach.; portions of 2 Samuel 2; and Psalms, cv-cxxxvii.舊約缺乏將軍，我， 1 - xivi ， 28日，我和二馬赫。 ;部分2塞繆爾2 ;和詩篇，簡歷- cxxxvii 。 The New Testament wants Heb., ix, 14; I and II Tim.; Titus.; Apoc.新約聖經想要以弗所書，第九章， 14條; I和II添。 ;弟兄;載脂蛋白C 。 Its origin is Lower Egyptian.它的起源是較低的埃及人。 Hort thinks it akin to the text used by Origen in his Hexapla. hort認為類似的案文所使用的淵源，在他的hexapla 。
C, or Codex Ephræmi Rescriptus (fifth century palimpsest, in National Library, Paris) contains 64 leaves of Old Testament; most of Eccl.; parts of Ecclus.; Wisd.; Prov. C ，或者法典ephræmi rescriptus （第五世紀palimpsest ，在國家圖書館，巴黎）載有64個葉片的舊約;大部分eccl ;部分ecclus ; wisd ;省。 and Cant.; 145 out of 238 leaves of New Testament.和斜面; 145列238個葉片的新約聖經。
D, or The Cotton Genesis (fifth century; in British Museum) contains fragments of Gen.; was almost destroyed by fire in 1731, but had been previously studies.發展，或棉花成因（五世紀，在大英博物館）載有片段的將軍;差點被燒毀1731 ，但已被以前的研究。
E, or Cod.英，法或鱈魚。 Bodleianus (ninth or tenth century; in Bodl. Libr., Oxford) contains Heptateuch fragments. bodleianus （第九，第十世紀; bodl 。溴化鋰，牛津）載heptateuch碎片。
F, or Cod.女，或鱈魚。 Ambrosianus (fifth century; at Milan) contains Heptateuch fragments. ambrosianus （五世紀，在米蘭） ，載有heptateuch碎片。
G, or Cod. g或鱈魚。 Sarravianus (fifth century; 130 leaves at Leyden; 22 in Paris, one in St. Petersburg) contains the Hexaplaric Octateuch (fragments) with some of the asterisks and obeli of Origen. sarravianus （第五世紀130葉片萊登;二十二日在巴黎，一個在聖彼得斯堡）載有hexaplaric octateuch （片段） ，與部分的星號和obeli的淵源。
H, or Cod. h後，或鱈魚。 Petropolitanus (sixth century; in Imperial Libr., St. Petersburg) contains portions of Numbers. petropolitanus （第六世紀，在帝國溴化鋰，聖彼得堡）載有部分號碼。
I, or Cod.一，或鱈魚。 Bodleianus (ninth century; in Bodl. Libr., Oxford) contains the Psalms. bodleianus （第九世紀; bodl 。溴化鋰，牛津）載有詩篇。
K, or Cod. K型或鱈魚。 Lipsiensis (seventh century; in Univ. of Leipzig) contains fragments of Heptateuch. lipsiensis （七世紀，在大學的萊比錫）含有片段heptateuch 。
L, or The Vienna Genesis (sixth century; in Imperial Libr., Vienna) contains incomplete Genesis, written with silver letters on purple vellum. L時，或維也納成因（第六世紀，在帝國溴化鋰，維也納）載不完全統計成因，書面與銀信，對紫色vellum 。
M, or Cod.男，或鱈魚。 Coislinianus (seventh century; in National Library, Paris) contains Heptateuch and Kings. coislinianus （七世紀，在國家圖書館，巴黎）載heptateuch和國王隊。
NV, or Cod. NV公司，或鱈魚。 Basiliano-Venetus (eighth or ninth century; partly in Venice and partly in Vatican) contains complete Gen., Ex., and part of Lev., and was used with B in the critical edition of the Septuagint (Rome, 1587). basiliano - venetus （第八或第九世紀;部分在威尼斯和部分在梵蒂岡）載有完整的將軍，當然，和部分列弗，並將其用於與B在關鍵版的septuagint （羅馬， 1587年） 。
O, or Cod.澳，或鱈魚。 Dublinensis (sixth century; in Trinity College, Dublin) contains fragments of Isaias. dublinensis （第六世紀在都柏林三一學院）載片段伊薩亞斯羅。
Q, or Cod. Q報告或鱈魚。 Marchalianus (sixth century, in Vatican) contains Prophets, complete; is very important, and originated in Egypt. marchalianus （第六世紀，在梵蒂岡）載有先知，完整;是很重要的，起源於埃及。 The text is probably Hesychian.文大概是hesychian 。 In the margins are many readings from the Hexapla; it also gives many Hexaplaric signs.在此其間有許多從2006 hexapla ，它也給許多hexaplaric跡象。
R, or Cod.俄，或鱈魚。 Veronensis (sixth century; at Verona) contains Gr. veronensis （第六世紀，在維羅納）載有遺傳資源。 and Lat.和拉脫維亞。 Psalter and Canticles. psalter和canticles 。
T, or Cod.科技，或鱈魚。 Zuricensis, the Zürich Psalter (seventh century) shows, with R, the Western text; silver letters, gold initials, on purple vellum. zuricensis ，蘇黎世psalter （ 7世紀）顯示，與俄，西文;銀信，黃金縮寫，對紫色vellum 。
W, or Cod.瓦，或鱈魚。 Parisiensis (ninth century; in National Library, Paris) contains fragments of Psalms. parisiensis （第九世紀，在國家圖書館，巴黎）載有片段的詩篇。
X, or Cod.十，或鱈魚。 Vaticanus (ninth century; in Vatican) contains the Book of Job. vaticanus （第九世紀在梵蒂岡）載有這本書的工作。
Y, or Cod. y ，或鱈魚。 Tauriensis (ninth century; in National Library, Turin) contains Lesser Prophets. tauriensis （第九世紀，在國家圖書館，都靈）載較輕的先知。
Z, or Cod. z ，或鱈魚。 Tischendorf (ninth century) contains fragments of Kings; published by Tischendorf.提申多夫（第九世紀）載有片段的國王;公佈提申多夫。
Gamma, or Cod.伽馬，或鱈魚。 Cryptoferrantensis (eighth or ninth century; at Grottaferrata) contains fragments of Prophets. cryptoferrantensis （第八或第九世紀; grottaferrata ）載有片段的先知。
Delta, or Cod.三角洲，或鱈魚。 Bodleianus (fourth or fifth century; Oxford, in Bodl. Libr.) contains a fragment of Daniel. bodleianus （第四或第五世紀的牛津，在bodl 。溴化鋰） ，包含一個片段的丹尼爾。
Theta, or Cod.太塔，或鱈魚。 Washington (fifth or sixth century, to be in Smithsonian Institution), contains Deut.-Jos., found in Egypt, one of the Freer manuscripts.華盛頓（第五或第六世紀，將在史密森學會） ，載有申命記-喬斯。發現，在埃及，其中一個最自由的手稿。 There are likewise seven uncial Psalters (two complete) of the ninth or tenth century and eighteen rather unimportant fragments listed by Swete (op. cit., p. 140).有同樣七個uncial psalters （兩個完整）的第九，第十世紀和十八，而不是不重要的片段上市，由swete （同前，第140頁） 。
Vellum Minuscule. vellum微乎其微。 More than 300 are known but unclassified. 300多是眾所周知的，但未被分類。 The Cambridge Septuagint purposes to collate the chief of these minuscules and to group them with a view to discriminating the various recensions of the Septuagint.劍橋septuagint宗旨，以整理總長這些minuscules並組，他們以期判別各項recensions的septuagint 。 More than half of these manuscripts are Psalters and few of them give the entire Old Testament.一半以上的這些手稿是psalters並沒有幾個人，讓整個舊約。 In editing his Alcalá Polyglot, Cardinal Ximenes used minuscules 108 and 248 of the Vatican.在他編輯的Alcalá的多，樞機Ximenes的使用minuscules 108和248的梵蒂岡。
(b) Aquila （二）雕
(See VERSIONS OF THE BIBLE). （見版本的聖經） 。 Manuscript traces of the text of Aquila are found in手稿的痕跡，文雕發現
fragments of Origen's third columns, written as marginal notes to some manuscripts, such as Q;片段的淵源的第三欄，寫旁注一些手稿，如q ;
the Milan palimpsest of the Hexapla, a most important tenth century copy found by Mercati in 1896.米蘭palimpsest的hexapla ，一項最重要的十世紀的副本發現mercati於1896年。 It contains about eleven Psalms, has no Hebrew column, and uses the space thereof for variant readings;它載有大約11名詩篇，沒有希伯來語欄，並使用空間為單位變讀數;
the Cambridge fragment, seventh century, discovered in a Cairo genizah.劍橋片段，七世紀，發現在開羅genizah 。 It contains parts of Ps.它包含零件的PS 。 xxi (see Taylor, "Cairo Genizah Palimpsests", 1900).第二十一條（見泰勒， "開羅宣言genizah palimpsests " ， 1900 ） 。 The name Jahweh is written in old Hebrew letters.名稱jahweh是寫在舊希伯萊字母。
The Cairo fragments of the fourth and fifth centuries; three palimpsests (containing 1 Kings 20:7-17; 2 Kings 23:11-27) published by Burkitt in 1897; and four portions of the Psalms (lxxxix, 17-xci, 10; xcv, 7- xcvi, 12; xcviii, 3; ci, 16-cii, 13) published by Taylor (op. cit.).開羅片段的第四和第五個百年;三個palimpsests （含1國王20:7-17 2國王23:11-27 ）發表伯基特在1897年和四個部分詩篇（ lxxxix ， 17 xci ， 10 ; xcv ， 7 -x cvi， 1 2歲; x cviii， 3 ;詞， 1 6- C II的， 1 3日）發表的泰勒（同前） 。
The fourth-century papyrus fragments of Gen., i, 1-5, published, 1900, by Grenfell and Hunt.第四世紀的紙莎草紙碎片的將軍，我， 1-5 ，出版， 1900年，由富及追捕。
(c) Theodotion （三） theodotion
(See VERSIONS OF THE BIBLE). （見版本的聖經） 。 The Book of Daniel of Theodotion is found in the Septuagint manuscripts previously mentioned.這本書的丹尼爾的theodotion被發現在該septuagint手稿前面提到的。 The Milan palimpsest contains his text in part.米蘭palimpsest載有他的文字部分。
(d) Symmachus （四）馬初斯
(See VERSIONS OF THE BIBLE). （見版本的聖經） 。 Manuscript sources are the Milan palimpsest, Cambridge fragment, and Hexaplaric marginal notes, all of which are manuscript sources of Aquila.稿源是米蘭palimpsest ，劍橋片段，並hexaplaric旁注，所有這一切都是稿源的雕。
(3) New Testament manuscripts （ 3 ）新約聖經手稿
(a) In General （一）在普通
There are, according to the latest authority on this subject, von Soden ("Die Schriften des NT in ihrer ältesten erreichbaren Textgestalt", Berlin, 1902), 2328 New Testament manuscripts extant.除此之外，根據最新的權威就這個問題，馮soden （ "死schriften萬新台幣，在與自己的ältesten erreichbaren textgestalt " ，柏林， 1902年） ， 2328年新約聖經手稿現存。 Only about 40 contain, either entire or in part, all the books of the New Testament.只有約40載，無論是整個或部分，全部書籍的新約聖經。 There are 1716 manuscript copies of the Gospels, 531 of the Act, 628 of the Pauline Epistles, 219 of the Apocalypse.有1716份手稿的福音， 531該法的規定， 628的寶蓮，書信， 219的啟示。 The commonly received numeration of the New Testament manuscripts is that of Wettstein; uncials are designated by Roman and Greek capital, minuscules by Arabic numbers.常見收到計數的新約聖經手稿，是強調wettstein ; uncials均指定由羅馬和希臘首都， minuscules由阿拉伯數字。 These manuscripts are divided into the above-mentioned four groups -- Gospels, Acts, Pauline Epistles, Apocalypse.這些手稿分為上述四個團體-福音，行為，寶蓮，書信，啟示。 In the case of uncials, an exponent is used to designate the group referred to.在案件uncials ，指數是用來指定組提及。 D or Dev is Cod. D或開發是化學需氧量。 Bezæ, a manuscript of the Gospels; D3 or Dpaul is Cod. bezæ ，手稿的福音;維生素D3或dpaul是化學需氧量。 Claromontanus, a manuscript of the Pauline Epistles; E2 or Eact is Cod. claromontanus ，手稿的寶蓮書信; E2或eact是化學需氧量。 Laudianus, a manuscript of the Acts. laudianus ，手稿的行為。 The nomenclature is less clear for minuscules.名目是那麼明確，為minuscules 。 Each group has a different set of numbers.各組有另一套不同的號碼。 If a minuscule be a complete manuscript of the New Testament, it is designated by four different numbers.如果一個微不足道的是一個完整的手稿本新約聖經，它是由指定的4個不同的電話號碼。 One and the same manuscript at Leicester is Evan.同一個手稿在萊斯特是埃文。 69, Act. 69 ，採取行動。 31, Paul. 31日，保羅。 37, Apoc. 37 ，載脂蛋白C 。 14. 14 。 Wettestein's lists of New-Testament manuscripts were supplemented by Birch and Schols; later on Scrivener and Gregory continued the lists, each with his own nomenclature. wettestein的名單上的新約聖經手稿輔以樺木和schols ;稍後斯科維娜和格雷戈里續名單，每個符合他自己的命名規則。 Von Soden has introduced a new numeration, so as to indicate the contents and date of the manuscripts.馮soden引進了一種新的定數，以顯示的內容和日期的手稿。 If the content be more than the Gospels, it is marked delta (that is, diatheke, "testament"); if only the Gospels, eta (ie, euaggelion, "gospel"); if aught else save the Gospels, alpha (that is, apostolos).如果內容多於福音，它標誌著三角洲（也就是diatheke ， "遺囑" ） ，如果只是福音，艾塔（即euaggelion ， "福音" ） ;如果聽取任何其他地方節省福音，阿爾法（即是，在Apostolos ） 。 B is delta-1; aleph is delta-2; Q is epsilon-4, etc. No distinction is made between uncials and minuscules. B是三角洲-1 ; aleph是三角洲- 2 ; Q則是在29日-4等，並沒有區分uncials和minuscules 。 Scholars admit the logic and scientific worth of this new numeration, but find it too unwieldy and impracticable.學者承認邏輯和科學價值的這一新的定數，但認為過於笨拙，是行不通的。
(b) Payrus （二）佩呂
In the Archduke Rainer collection, Vienna, are several very fragmentary bits of New Testament Greek phrases, which Wessely, the curator of that collection, assigns to the second century.在archduke Rainer的收集，維也納，有幾個很零碎鑽頭的新約聖經希臘短語，其中wessely ，館長表示，收集，分派至公元二世紀。 The Grenfell and Hunt excavations in Oxyrhyncus brought to light various fragments of the New Testament which Kenyon, the assistant keeper of the manuscripts of the British Museum, assigns to the latter part of the third century.該建富及追捕挖掘oxyrhyncus揭示了不同片段的新約聖經，其中肯揚，助理蓄養的手稿的大英博物館，分配給後者的一部分，第三個世紀。 Only one papyrus manuscript of the New Testament is important to the text-critic -- Oxyrhyncus Pap.只有一個紙莎草紙手稿的新約聖經是很重要的文本評論家-o xyrhyncus抹片。 657, third-fourth century; it preserves to us about a third of the Epistle to the Hebrews, and epistle in which Codex B is defective. 657 ，第三個四分之一世紀，它保留了我們大約三分之一的希伯來人書中說，書信，其中食品法典B是有缺陷的。
(c) Vellum Uncials （三） vellum uncials
There are about 160 vellum uncials of the New Testament; some 110 contain the Gospels or a part thereof.有大約160 vellum uncials的新約聖經，有的含有110個福音或其中的一部分。 The chiefest of these uncials are the four great codices of the entire Greek Bible, aleph, A, B, C, for which, see above.該chiefest這些uncials是四個大codices的整個希臘聖經， aleph ，甲，乙，丙，其中，在上面看到的。 The Vatican (B) is the oldest and probably the best New Testament manuscript.梵蒂岡（二） ，是最古老，大概是最好的新約聖經手稿。
D. or Cod.四或鱈魚。 Bezæ (qv) (fifth or sixth century; in University Library, Cambridge) contains Gospels and Acts in Gr. bezæ （請參閱） （第五或第六世紀，在大學圖書館，劍橋大學）載有福音行為遺傳資源。 and Lat., excepting Acts, xxii, 29 to the end; it is a unique specimen of a Greek manuscript whose text is Western, ie that the Old Latin and Old Syriac.和北緯，除行為， 22條，第29至年底，它是一個獨特的標本，希臘手稿，其文本是西方，即舊拉丁語和老敘利亞文。
D3 or Cod.維生素D3或鱈魚。 Claromonianus (probably sixth century; in Nat. Libr., Paris) contains Pauline Epistles in Gr. claromonianus （可能是六世紀，在NAT的。溴化鋰。巴黎電）載有寶蓮，書信，在遺傳資源。 and Lat., each text independent of the other.和北緯，每一種文本獨立於其他。 Before Hebrews is a list of the books of the New Testament and the number of lines (stichoi) in each; this list omits Thess., Heb., and Phil., includes four apocryphal books, and follows an unusual order: Matt., John, Mark, Luke, Rom., I and II Cor., Gal., Eph., I and II Tim., Titus, Col., Philem., I and II Pet., James, I, II and III John, Jude, Barnabas, Apoc., Acts, Hermas, Acts of Paul, Apoc.前希伯來人，是名單上的圖書的新約聖經和線條數（ stichoi ）在每;這一清單省略帖，以弗所書，哲學，其中包括4猜測書籍，並遵循一個不尋常的命令：馬特，約翰，馬克，路加，光碟，一和二肺心病，半乳糖，以弗所書，我和二添，弟兄，上校， philem ， I和II寵物。詹姆斯，一，二和三莊，裘德，巴納巴斯，載脂蛋白C ，行為， hermas行為，保羅，載脂蛋白C 。 of Peter.彼得。
E, or Cod.英，法或鱈魚。 Basileensis (eighth century; in Univ. Libr., Basle) contains the Gospels. basileensis （ 8世紀，在大學溴化鋰，巴塞爾）載福音。
E2, or Cod.雌二醇，或鱈魚。 Laudianus (sixth century; Oxford, in Bodl. Library) contains Acts in Gr. laudianus （第六世紀的牛津，在bodl 。圖書館）載行為的遺傳資源。 and Lat.和拉脫維亞。 The former is somewhat like D.前者是有點像四
E3, or Cod. E3之後，或鱈魚。 Sangermanensis (ninth century; in Imper. Libr., St. Petersburg) contains Pauline Epistles in Gr. sangermanensis （第九世紀; imper 。溴化鋰，聖彼得堡）載有寶蓮，書信，在遺傳資源。 and Lat.; of same family as D3.和北緯;同一家庭為維生素D3 。
F, or Cod.女，或鱈魚。 Boreeli (ninth century; at Utrecht), contains Gospels. boreeli （第九世紀，在烏得勒支） ，載有福音。
F3, or Cod.用於F3 ，或鱈魚。 Augiensis (ninth century; in Trinity College, Cambridge), contains Pauline Epp. augiensis （第九世紀，在三一學院，劍橋） ，載有寶蓮資源增值計劃。 in Gr.在遺傳資源。 and Lat.; of the same family as D3, E3, and G3.和北緯;的同一個家庭，為維生素D3 ， E3類，和G3 。
G, or Cod. g或鱈魚。 Wolfii A (ninth or tenth century; at Cambridge, and London), contains the Gospels. wolfii （第九，第十世紀，在劍橋，倫敦等） ，包含了福音。
G3, or Cod. G3的，或鱈魚。 Boernerianus (ninth century; at Dresden), contains Paul Epp. boernerianus （第九世紀，在德累斯頓市） ，載有保計劃。 in Gr.在遺傳資源。 and Lat.; text of D3 type.和北緯;文本維生素D3型。
H, or Cod. h後，或鱈魚。 Wolfii B (ninth or tenth century; at Dresden), contains Paul Epp. wolfii乙（第九，第十世紀，在德累斯頓市） ，載有保計劃。 in Gr.在遺傳資源。 and Lat.; text of D3 type.和北緯;文本維生素D3型。
H2, or Cod. H2型或鱈魚。 Mutinensis (ninth century; at Modena), contains Acts. mutinensis （第九世紀，在摩德納） ，載行為。
H3, or Cod. H3的，或鱈魚。 Coislinianus (sixth century; originally at Mt. Athos where 8 leaves remain. Other parts were used for binding manuscripts; 22 leaves thus reached Paris; 3 which were discovered at St. Petersburg, Moscow and Kieff; 1 in Turin). coislinianus （第六世紀;原本在阿托斯山那裡八葉依然存在。而其他部分則用於約束力的手稿; 22樹葉從而達到巴黎三日被發現，在聖彼得堡，莫斯科和kieff ;一日在都靈） 。 This manuscript gives us, in great part, a fourth-century text of Euthalius of Sulca.這個手稿給了我們，在偉大的一部分，第四世紀文euthalius的sulca 。
K, or Cod. K型或鱈魚。 Cyprius (ninth century; in Nat. Libr., Paris), contains the Gospels. cyprius （第九世紀，在NAT的。溴化鋰，巴黎） ，包含了福音。
K2, or Cod.圖K2 ，或鱈魚。 Mosquensis (ninth century; in Holy Synod Library, Moscow), contains Acts, Cath., and Paul. mosquensis （第九世紀，在聖主教圖書館，莫斯科） ，載行為，蛋白酶，和保羅。 Epp.資源增值計劃。
L, or Cod. L時，或鱈魚。 Regius (eighth century; in Nat. Libr., Paris), contains Gospels. regius （ 8世紀，在NAT的。溴化鋰，巴黎） ，載有福音。
L2, or Cod.二級，或鱈魚。 Angelicus (ninth century; in Rome), contains Acts, Cath., and Paul.安傑利卡斯（第九世紀在羅馬） ，載行為，蛋白酶，和保羅。 Epp.資源增值計劃。
M, or Cod.男，或鱈魚。 Campianus (ninth century; in Nat. Libr., Paris), contains Gospels. campianus （第九世紀，在NAT的。溴化鋰，巴黎） ，載有福音。
M3, or Cod. M3的，或鱈魚。 Campianus (ninth century; in Nat. Libr., Paris), contains Gospels. campianus （第九世紀，在NAT的。溴化鋰，巴黎） ，載有福音。
N, or Cod.氮，或鱈魚。 Purpureus, called also Petropolitanus (sixth century), contains Gospels in silver on purple vellum.紫色，所謂還petropolitanus （六世紀） ，包含了福音，在銀紫色vellum 。 About half the manuscript is extant: 182 leaves (found in Asia Minor, 1896) are in St. Petersburg, 33 at Patmos, 6 in the Vatican, 4 in British Museum, and 2 in Vienna.大約一半的手稿是現存： 182葉子（發現，在小亞細亞， 1896年）是在聖彼得堡， 33 patmos ，六日在梵蒂岡， 4個在大英博物館，和2個在維也納舉行。
P, or Cod.磷，或鱈魚。 Guelferbytanus A (sixth century; Wolfenbüttel), contains Gosp. guelferbytanus （六世紀; wolfenbüttel ） ，載有gosp 。 fragments.片段。
P2, or Cod. P2的，或鱈魚。 Porphyrianus (ninth century; in St. Petersburg), contains Acts, Cath. porphyrianus （第九世紀，在聖彼得堡） ，載行為，蛋白酶。 and Paul.和保羅。 Epp.資源增值計劃。
Q, or Cod. Q報告或鱈魚。 Guelferbytanus B (fifth century; Wolfenbüttel), contains Gosp. guelferbytanus乙（五世紀; wolfenbüttel ） ，載有gosp 。 fragments.片段。
R, or Cod.俄，或鱈魚。 Nitriensis (sixth century; in British Museum, London), a palimpsest copy of Luke. nitriensis （第六世紀，在大英博物館，倫敦） ， palimpsest副本盧克。
T, or Cod.科技，或鱈魚。 Borgianus (fifth century; in Vatican), Gr. borgianus （第五世紀在梵蒂岡） ，遺傳資源。 and Sahidic fragments.和sahidic碎片。 One has the double-ending of Mark; another has 17 leaves of Luke and John, and a text akin to B and alpha人有雙重結局的標誌;另一項有17個葉片的盧克和約翰，以及一個文本類似於B和阿爾法
Z, or Cod. z ，或鱈魚。 Dublinensis (sixth century; in Trinity Col., Dublin), a palimpsest containing 295 verses of Matt.; text probably Egyptian, akin to aleph dublinensis （第六世紀，在三一上校，都柏林） ， palimpsest載有295名小詩的馬特。 ;文本大概埃及，類似於aleph
Delta, or Cod.三角洲，或鱈魚。 Sangallensis (ninth or tenth century; at Saint-Gall), contains Gospels in Gr. sangallensis （第九，第十世紀，在聖-膽） ，載有福音，在遺傳資源。 and Lat.和拉脫維亞。
Lambda, or Cod.波長，或鱈魚。 Rossanensis (sixth century; at Rossano, in Calabria), contains Matt. rossanensis （第六世紀;羅薩諾，在卡拉布里亞） ，載有馬特。 and Mark, in silver letters on purple vellum with illustrations.和馬克，在銀信紫色vellum插圖。 N,氮，
Sigma, Sigma-b, and Phi are all akin and were probably produced at Constantinople from a single ancestor.西格瑪，西格瑪- B和潛在危險裝置都是類似，並可能產生於君士坦丁堡，從一個單一的祖先。
Sigma-b, or Cod.西格瑪- B或鱈魚。 Sinopensis (sixth century; in Nat. Libr., Paris), consists of 43 leaves (Matthew 7-24), in gold letters on purple vellum with 5 illustrations; it was bought by a French naval officer for a few francs, at Sinope, in 1899, and is called also Omicron and Hê. sinopensis （第六世紀，在NAT的。溴化鋰，巴黎） ，包括43個葉片（馬太7月24日） ，在黃金信件紫色vellum 5插圖，它是買了由一位法國海軍軍官，為幾個法郎，在sinope ，在1899年，是所謂也omicron和hê 。
Phi, or Cod.潛在危險裝置，或鱈魚。 Beratinus (sixth century; at Berat in Albania), contains Matt. beratinus （第六世紀;培拉特在阿爾巴尼亞） ，載有馬特。 and Mark.和馬克。
Beth, or Cod.什麼，或鱈魚。 Patirensis (fifth century; in the Vatican), contains Act., Cath. patirensis （第五世紀在梵蒂岡） ，載有法，蛋白酶。 and Paul.和保羅。 Epp.資源增值計劃。
The American manuscript of the Gospels (fifth century), found in Egypt, 1907, has not yet been published; nor have the fragments of the Pauline Epistles (sixth century) which were found at the same time.美國書稿的福音（五世紀） ，發現在埃及， 1907年，目前還未公佈，也有片段的寶蓮書信（六世紀） ，被發現在同一時間舉行。
(d) Vellum minuscules （四） vellum minuscules
The vast numbers of minuscule witnesses to the text of the New Testament would seem to indicate a rich field of investigation for the text-critic.廣大的微不足道證人文新約聖經似乎表明，豐富的實地調查，為文批評者。 The field is not so rich at all.外地不是那麼豐富，在所有。 Many of these minuscules have never been fully studies.許多這些minuscules從來沒有得到充分的研究。 Ninety-five per cent. 95 ％ 。 of them are witnesses to the same type of text; that of the textus receptus.他們見證了同一類型的文本;表示，在該Web網站receptus 。 Only those minuscules interest the text-critic which are distinctive of or akin to one of the great uncials.只有那些minuscules利息文本影評人，其中，是有明顯區別的或近似的一大uncials 。 Among the Gospel minuscules, according to Gregory's numeration, the type of B-aleph is seen more or less in 33; 1, 118, 131, 209; 59, 157, 431, 496, 892.其中福音minuscules ，根據格雷戈里的定數，類型B型aleph是看到更多或更少，在33 1 ， 118 ， 131 ， 209 59 ， 157 ， 431 ， 496 ， 892 。 The type of D is that of 235, 431, 473, 700, 1071; and of the "Ferrar group", 13, 69, 124, 346, 348, 543, 713, 788, 826, 828.類型D是說， 235 ， 431 ， 473 ， 700 ， 1071 ;和" ferrar小組" ， 13 ， 69 ， 124 ， 346 ， 348 ， 543 ， 713 ， 788 ， 826 ， 828 。 Among the Acts minuscules, 31 and 61 show some kinship to B; 137, 180, 216, 224 to D. 15, 40, 83, 205, 317, 328, 329, 393 are grouped and traced to the fourth century text of Euthalius of Sulica.其中行為minuscules ， 31和61表現出一定的親緣關係，以B組137 ， 180 ， 216 ， 224 ，以四15 ， 40 ， 83 ， 205 ， 317 ， 328 ， 329 ， 393一組，並追溯至四世紀的文本euthalius對蘇利克。 Among the Pauline minuscules, this same text (ie that of H3) is found in 81, 83, 93, 379, 381.其中寶蓮minuscules ，這相同的內容（即對組蛋白H3 ） ，是發現，在81 ， 83 ， 93 ， 379 ， 381 。
(e) Lectionaries （五） lectionaries
There are some 1100 manuscripts of readings from the Gospels (Evangelia or Evangeliaria) and 300 manuscripts of readings from Acts and Epistles (Praxapostoli).也有一些1100個手稿的讀數，由福音（ evangelia或evangeliaria ）和300手稿的讀數，從行為和書信（ praxapostoli ） 。 Although more than 100 of these lectionaries are uncials, they are of the ninth century or later.雖然有100多名，這些lectionaries是uncials ，他們的第九世紀或更晚。 Very few of these books of the Epistles and Gospels have been critically examined.極少數的，這些書的教會和福音已經仔細研究。 Such examination may later on serve to group the New Testament minuscules better and help to localize them.這種檢查方法，可後來就起到組新約聖經minuscules更好，並幫助他們進行本地化。
IV.四。 LATIN MANUSCRIPTS拉丁語手稿
Biblical manuscripts are far more uniform in Greek than in Latin script.聖經手稿，是迄今為止較為均勻，在希臘比拉丁字母。 Palæography divides the Greek into uncials and minuscules; the Latin into uncials, semi-uncials, capitals, minuscules and cursives. palæography劃分希臘語到uncials和minuscules ;拉丁語到uncials ，半uncials ，資金， minuscules和cursives 。 Even these divisions have subdivisions.即使這些分歧的分支機構。 The time, place and even monastery of a Latin manuscript may be traced by the very distinct script of its text.上課時間，地點，甚至修道院的一個拉丁手稿最早可追溯到由非常獨特的腳本，其文字。
(1) Old Latin （ 1 ）舊拉丁語
Some 40 manuscripts have preserved to us a text which antedates the translation of St. Jerome; they are designated by small letters.約40手稿都保存著我們的文本antedates翻譯聖杰羅姆，他們均指定由小字母。 Unfortunately no two of these manuscripts represent to us quite the same text.可惜沒有兩個這些手稿代表我們完全一樣的文本。 Corrections introduced by scribes and the inevitable influence of the Vulgate have left it a very difficult matter to group the Old Latin manuscripts.更正介紹，文士和必然的影響，該vulgate已離開這是一個很困難的事，以小組舊拉丁語手稿。 Text-critics now agree upon an African, a European and an Italian type of text.文本批評者現在同意後，非洲，歐洲和意大利的一個類型的文字。 The African text is that mentioned by Tertullian (c. 150-220) and used by St. Cyprian (c. 200-258); it is the earliest and crudest in style.非洲的案文是所提到的戴爾都良（約150-220 ） ，並用聖塞浦路斯（約200-258 ） ，它是最早和crudest在作風。 The European text is less crude in style and vocabulary, and may be an entirely new translation.歐洲案文是少原油在風格和詞彙，並有可能成為一個全新的譯本。 The Italian text is a version of the European and was revised by St. Jerome in parts of the Vulgate.意大利文本，是一種版本的歐洲和修改由聖杰羅姆在零件的vulgate 。
The most important Old Latin manuscripts are the bilingual New Testament manuscripts D, D3, E2, E3, F3, G3, Delta.最重要的老拉丁語手稿是雙語新約聖經手稿的發展，維生素D3 ， E2和E3上的F3 ， G3的，三角洲。
a, or Cod.甲，或鱈魚。 Vercellensis (fourth century; at Vercelli), containing the Gospels. vercellensis （第四世紀; Vercelli的） ，其中載有福音。
b, or Cod. B或鱈魚。 Veronensis (fifth century; at Verona), containing Gospels on purple vellum. veronensis （五世紀，在維羅納） ，其中載有關於福音紫色vellum 。 a and b are our chief witnesses to the European text of the Gospels. A和B是我們的首席證人向歐洲文本的福音。
e, or Cod.英，法或鱈魚。 Palatinus (fifth century; at Vienna, -- one leaf is in Dublin), contains the Gosp.城堡花園（五世紀，在維也納， -一個葉片，是在都柏林） ，載有g osp。 For Acts, e is Lat.行為，電子商務是北緯。 of E2; for Paul. E2含量;保羅。 Epp., e is Lat.資源增值計劃，電子商務是北緯。 of E3.批E3類。
f, or Cod.女，或鱈魚。 Brixianus (sixth century; at Brescia), contains Gosp. brixianus （第六世紀，在布雷西亞） ，載有gosp 。 on purple vellum; Italian type, thought by Wordsworth and White to be the best extant representative of the Old Latin text which St. Jerome used when revising the New Testament.對紫色vellum ;意大利語型，思想華茲華斯和白色成為最佳的現存代表的舊拉丁語文本聖杰羅姆時所用的修改新約聖經。
ff2, or Cod. ff2 ，或鱈魚。 Corbeiensis (fifth century; at Paris), contains the Gospels. corbeiensis （五世紀，在巴黎） ，包含了福音。
g, or Cod. g或鱈魚。 Gigas (thirteenth century; at Stockholm), a complete Bible; Acts and Apoc.牡蠣（ 13世紀;斯德哥爾摩） ，一個完整的聖經;行為和載脂蛋白C 。 are in Old Latin text and are the chief representative of the European type.在舊拉丁語文本，並分別是政務歐洲共同體的代表類型。
h, or Palimpsest de Fleury (fourth or fifth century; at Turin), contains Mark, vii-xvi, 8 and Matt., i-xv; earliest form of Old Latin, African type, closely akin to text used by Saint Cyprian. h後，或palimpsest後繼德（第四或第五世紀，在都靈） ，包含商標，七-十六日， 8日和馬特，一至十五;最早形成的舊拉美，非洲型，緊密類似於文本使用的聖塞浦路斯。
q, or Cod. Q報告或鱈魚。 Monacensis (sixth or seventh century; at Munich, contains Gospels; Italian type of text. monacensis （第六或第七世紀，在慕尼黑，包含了福音;意大利式的文字。
(2) Vulgate （ 2 ） vulgate
It is estimated that there are more than 8000 manuscripts of the Vulgate extant.據估計，有8000多手稿的vulgate尚存。 Most of these are later than the twelfth century and have very little worth for the reconstruction of the text.大部分情況下，這些不遲於12世紀，並已非常少，價值為重建文本。 Tischendorf and Berger designate the chief manuscripts by abbreviations of the names: am.蒂申多夫和伯傑候任行政手稿由縮寫名字：上午。 = Amiatinus; fu. = amiatinus ;富。 or fuld.或fuld 。 = Fuldensis. = fuldensis 。 Wordsworth and White, in their critical edition of the Gospel and Acts (1899-1905); use Latin capitals to note the 40 manuscripts on which their text depends.華茲華斯和白色，在其關鍵版的福音和行為（ 1899年至1905年） ;使用拉丁語首都注意40手稿就其文本有賴於此。 Gregory (Textkritik, II, 634) numbers 2369 manuscripts.格雷戈里（ textkritik ，二， 634頁）號碼2369手稿。 The most logical and useful grouping of these manuscripts is genealogical and geographical.最合乎邏輯的和有益的分組這些手稿是系譜和地理。 The work of future critics will be to reconstruct the text by reconstructing the various types, Spanish, Italian, Irish, French, etc. The chief Vulgate manuscripts are:工作未來批評家將重建文本改造各類，西班牙語，意大利語，愛爾蘭，法國等行政vulgate手稿是：
A, or Cod.甲，或鱈魚。 Amiatinus (qv) (eighth century; at Florence), contains complete Bible; text probably Italian, best extant manuscript of Vulgate. amiatinus （請參閱） （ 8世紀;佛羅倫薩） ，包含完整的聖經;文本大概意大利語，最佳現存手稿vulgate 。
C, or Cod. C ，或者化學需氧量。 Cavensis (ninth century; at La Cava, near Naples), a complete Bible; best representative of Spanish type. cavensis （第九世紀，在香格里拉大靜脈，近那不勒斯） ，一個完整的聖經;最佳代表西班牙語類型。
Delta, or Cod.三角洲，或鱈魚。 Dunelmensis (seventh or eighth century; in Durham Cathedral, England), Gospels; text akin to A. dunelmensis （第七或第八世紀，在達勒姆大教堂，英格蘭） ，福音;文本類似於甲
F, or Cod.女，或鱈魚。 Fuldensis (AD 541-546; at Fulda, in Germany), a complete New Testament; Gospels are in form of Tatian's "Diatessaron". fuldensis （公元541-546 ; fulda ，在德國） ，一個完整的新約全書;福音，是在形式上的tatian的" diatessaron " 。 Bishop Victor of Capua found an Old Latin version of Tatian's arrangement and substituted the Vulgate for the Old Latin.主教的勝利者capua發現一個老拉丁語版本tatian的安排，並取代了vulgate為舊拉丁語。
G, or Cod. g或鱈魚。 Sangermanensis (ninth century; at Paris), contains the Bible. sangermanensis （第九世紀，在巴黎） ，載有聖經。 In Acts, Wordsworth uses it more than any other manuscript.在行為，華茲用途，它比任何其他手稿。
H, or Cod. h後，或鱈魚。 Hubertianus (ninth century; in British Museum, London), a Bible; Theodulfian type. hubertianus （第九世紀，在大英博物館，倫敦） ，一本聖經; theodulfian類型。