Hebron希伯倫

1. 1 。

A city of Asher, properly "Ebron"; called also Abdon.一個城市的阿什爾，妥善" ebron " ;呼籲還abdon 。

2. 2 。

A town in Palestine, about 17 miles southwest of Jerusalem; it has a population of 14,000, including 1,100 Jews—690 Sephardim and 410 Ashkenazim.一個城市在巴勒斯坦，約17裡的耶路撒冷，它有人口14000人，其中包括1100名猶太人- 690 sephardim和410 ashkenazim 。 In 1890 there was a Jewish population of 1,490, but it has been diminishing.在1890年有一個猶太人口的1490年，但它已經越來越少。 Most of the Jews still live in a ghetto surrounded by walls, and known in Spanish as "El Cortijo" (the court).大部分的猶太人仍生活在一個猶太人區四周的牆壁，和已知在西班牙語為"厄爾尼諾太陽能" （法院） 。 It consists of a maze of narrow and dark passages, into which the doorways open at distances of not more than three feet.它是一個迷宮的狹隘和黑暗的通道，進入該門打開，在距離不超過3英尺。 In ancient times Hebron was known as "Kirjath-arba," after its reputed founder, Arba, father of the Anakim (Josh. xiv. 15, xxi. 11).But according to modern exegetes the name is equivalent to the "city of the four."在遠古時代希伯倫被稱為" kirjath - Arba的， "後，被譽為創辦人， Arba的，父親的anakim （ josh.十四，十五，二十一， 11 ） ，但根據現代exegetes的名字就等於"中電全城四個" 。 The patriarch Abraham resided at Hebron (Gen. xiii. 18, xiv. 13, xviii. 1, xxiii. 2), and purchased a cave known as the "Double Cave," where Sarah was buried.牧亞伯拉罕居住在希伯倫（創十三，十八，十四，十三，十八，一，二十三。 2 ） ，並購買了窯洞稱為"雙窟" ，而莎拉被安葬。 Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Leah were afterward buried there (see Machpelah).亞伯拉罕，以撒，雅各，並麗雅被隨後被埋在那裡（見machpelah ） 。 Jacob went from Hebron to Egypt (Gen. xxxvii. 14, xlvi. 1); the spies visited the city (Num. xiii. 22).雅各布從希伯倫向埃及（創三十七。 14 ，四十六1 ） ;間諜參觀了市（ num.十三22 ） 。 In the time of Joshua, Hoham, King of Hebron, was captured there and put to death by the Israelites.在時間的約書亞， hoham ，景希伯倫被抓獲，並把死刑以色列人。 Hebron and its territory were at first given to Caleb (Josh. xiv. 6 et seq. , xv. 13; Judges i. 20), and then to the Levites of the family of Kohath; it ultimately became one of the six cities of refuge (Josh. xx. 7).希伯倫，並在其領土上首先考慮就Caleb （ josh.第十四6 段及以下各段 ，十五， 13歲;法官一20 ） ，然後利的家屬kohath ，它最終成為了其中的6個城市避難（ josh.二十7 ） 。 David lived there until the conquest of Jerusalem, and was there anointed as king (II Sam. ii. 1, 11; iii. 2 et seq. ; v. 1 et seq. ).大衛住在這裡，直到征服耶路撒冷，並有選定的，因為國王（二薩姆二。 1 ， 11 ;三，第2 段及以下各段 ;訴一日，等等 ） 。 Absalom's revolt began there (II Sam. xv. 9 et seq. ); Rehoboam fortified the city (II Chron. xi. 10).押沙龍的起義開始有（二薩姆第十五9 頁起 ） ;雷霍博姆設防城市（二慢性第十一10 ） 。

Hebron was one of the towns which possessed a Jewish community after the return from Babylon (Neh. xi. 25), but the Idumeans appear to have afterward acquired it, since they were expelled by Judas Maccabeus (I Macc. v. 65).希伯倫的一個城鎮，其中擁有一個猶太社區，香港回歸後，從巴比倫（ neh.十一25 ） ，但idumeans似乎已經此後後天的，因為他們被驅逐，由猶大maccabeus （一排雷訴65 ） 。 Occupied by the Romans, it was taken by Simon, son of Gioras, one of the leaders of the insurrection; but the Roman general Cerealis retook it by storm, killed the garrison, and burned the city (Munk, "La Palestine," p. 57).佔領羅馬，它是由西蒙的兒子gioras領導人之一的暴動，但羅馬將軍cerealis奪回它的風暴，打死駐軍，並放火燒城（ munk ， "香格里拉巴勒斯坦，為" P 57段） 。 Jews did not inhabit Hebron after the destruction of the Temple, nor under the Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, or Crusaders.猶太人不居住在希伯倫摧毀後的廟宇，也沒有根據入鄉隨俗， byzantines ，阿拉伯人，或十字軍。 Benjamin of Tudela found only a single Jew (1171) at St. Abraham, as Hebronwas called by the Crusaders.本傑明的圖德拉發現只有一個單一的猶太人（ 1171 ）在聖亞伯拉罕，為hebronwas所謂由十字軍。 He asserts, however, that the Church of St. Abraham had been a synagogue under the Turkish rule.他斷言，不過，有人說，教會的聖亞伯拉罕已猶太教堂根據土耳其統治。 Forty years later R. Samuel bar Shimshon, who explored Palestine in 1209, makes no mention of Jews in Hebron.四十多年後傳譯塞繆爾酒吧shimshon ，他們探索了巴勒斯坦在1209 ，並沒有提及猶太人在希伯倫。

The Modern Community.現代社區。

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Hebron possesses four synagogues within the ghetto and four batte ha-midrash without.希伯倫擁有4個猶太人教堂內的猶太人區和4個batte夏midrash沒有。 The oldest synagogue, that of Abraham Abinu, is supposed to date back three centuries.最古老的猶太教堂，也就是亞伯拉罕abinu ，是要追溯到3個世紀。 It was restored in 1738 and enlarged in 1864.這是恢復了在1738年和擴大會議於1864年。 The others are Keneset Eliyyah Mani (like the former, Sephardic), and two Ashkenazic.其他人都是keneset eliyyah瑪尼（如前者， sephardic ） ，有兩ashkenazic 。 There are three yeshibot, the oldest having been founded by Israel Ẓebi (d. 1731); the second was formed by the union of four older yeshibot.有三個yeshibot ，最年長的已成立由以色列ẓebi （四1731 ） ，第二次是由聯盟的4個老年人yeshibot 。 It possesses the library of Vivas, a native of Leghorn, and is very rich in Spanish works.它具有圖書館的vivas ，土生土長的萊航，是很豐富的西班牙語作品。 Hebron possesses four Talmud Torahs for Sephardim and one for Ashkenazim.希伯倫擁有4個猶太法典torahs為sephardim一ashkenazim 。 There are three mutual-aid societies and a free dispensary.有3個互助的社會和一個自由的藥房。 The Sephardic community is administered by the chief rabbiand a council of seven members; the Ashkenazic by the chief rabbi and a council of three.該sephardic社區的管理工作由行政rabbiand理事會7名成員組成; ashkenazic由首席拉比和一個3 。 Most of the Jews are supported by the "ḥaluḳḳah," but there are a few carpenters and shoemakers.大部分的猶太人都支持由" ḥaluḳḳah " ，但也確有少數木工和製鞋企業。 Among the antiquities are the Double Cave, revered by the Mohammedans; the ruins of Abraham's house; the tombs of Gad, Nathan the prophet, Abner (David's commander-in-chief), and others.其中古物是雙洞，崇敬Mohammedan人;廢墟中的亞伯拉罕的房子;陵墓的總裝，彌敦道的先知， abner （大衛的總指揮官）等。 The modern name of the town is Al-Khalil (lit. "the friend" [ ie , of God], a name by which Abraham was known; comp. Isa. xli. 8).現代名稱的城市是哈利勒（ lit. "朋友" ， 即上帝的] ，這個名字，其中亞伯拉罕是眾所周知的;可比。伊薩。四十一8 ） 。

Numerous rabbinical authors have lived at Hebron, including Elijah de Vidas (1525), author of "Reshit Ḥokmah"; Solomon Edni (1622), author of "Meleket Shelomoh"; Moses ha-Levi (1668), author of "Yede Mosheh"; Israel Ẓebi (1731), author of "Urim Gedolim"; Abraham Conque (1740), author of "Abaḳ Derakim"; Ḥayyim Abraham Israel Ẓebi (1776), author of "Be'er Mayim Ḥayyim"; Aaron Alfandari (1772), author of "Yad Aharon" and "Merkebet ha-Mishneh"; Mordecai Ruvio (1785), author of "Shemen ha-Mor"; Judah Divan (1792), author of "Zibḥe Shelamim"; Elijah Sliman Mani (d. 1878), author of "Kisse Eliyahu"; Raḥamim Joseph Franco (d. 1901), author of "Sha'are Raḥamim"; Hezekiah Medini, author of "Sedeh Ḥemed."許多猶太作家都住在希伯倫，包括以利亞德vidas （ 1525 ） "的作者reshit ḥokmah " ;所羅門edni （ 1622 ） "的作者meleket shelomoh " ;摩西公頃-利維（ 1668 ） "的作者yede mosheh " ;以色列ẓebi （ 1731 ） "的作者urim gedolim " ;亞伯拉罕conque （ 1740 ） "的作者abaḳ derakim " ; ḥayyim亞伯拉罕以色列ẓebi （ 1776 ） "的作者be'er mayim ḥayyim " ;阿倫阿爾方達裡（ 1772 ） "的作者亞得aharon "和" merkebet夏事審判" ; mordecai ruvio （ 1785 ） "的作者shemen公頃-鐵道部" ;猶大經營毒窟（ 1 792年） "的作者z ibḥes helamim" ;利亞s liman瑪尼（四1 878年） "的作者kisse eliyahu " ; raḥamim約瑟夫佛朗哥（四1901 ） "的作者sha'are raḥamim " ; hezekiah梅迪尼"的作者sedeh ḥemed " 。

Bibliography 參考書目
Azulai, Shem ha-Gedolim ; azulai ， SHEM後，房委會- gedolim ;
Hazan, Ha-Ma'alot li-Shelomoh , Alexandria, 1889; hazan ， 夏ma'alot李- shelomoh ，亞歷山大， 1889年;
S. Munk, La Palestine , Paris;第munk ， 香格里拉巴勒斯坦 ，巴黎;
Benjamin II., Acht Jahre in Asien und Afrika ;本傑明二， 阿赫特jahre在asien und非洲 ;
Abraham Ḥayyim Penso, Minḥat Ḳena'ot , Jerusalem, 1879;亞伯拉罕ḥayyim penso ， minḥat ḳena'ot ，耶路撒冷， 1879年;
Luncz, Jerusalem , 1895-1901. luncz ， 耶路撒冷 ， 1895年至1901年。

M. Franco米佛朗哥
Jewish Encyclopedia, published between 1901-1906.猶太百科全書出版1901年至1906年之間。

3. 3 。

Third son of Kohath, son of Levi and founder of the Levitic family, the Hebronites (Ex. vi. 18; Num. iii. 19, 27; xxvi. 58).第三個兒子的kohath的兒子，利維和創始人之一levitic家庭中， hebronites （如六。 18 ;序號。三， 19日， 27日;二十六。 58 ） 。 The Hebronites are often mentioned in the enumerations of the Levites, under the name either of "Ha-Ḥebroni" (Num. iii. 27, xxvi. 58; I Chron. xxvi. 23, 30, 31) or of "Bene-Ḥebron" (I Chron. xv. 9, xxiii. 19).該hebronites常常提到，在enumerations的利，名義下，無論是"房委會- ḥebroni " （ num.三， 27 ， 26 ， 58 ，我慢性。 26 。 23 ， 30 ， 31 ）或"益處- ḥebron " （我慢性。十五，九，二十三， 19 ） 。 In the time of David the chief of the Hebronites was called Jeriah (I Chron. xxiii. 19, and elsewhere).在時間的大衛行政的hebronites被稱為jeriah （我慢性。二十三， 19日，和其它地方） 。 In the fortieth year of David's reign the Hebronites were settled at Jazer in Gilead, of whom 2,700 mighty men were appointed by the king superintendents over the two and one-half tribes, and 1,700, under Hashahiah, held similar positions on the west of the Jordan ( ib. xxvi. 30, 31).在40年的大衛的統治了hebronites分別收於jazer在基列名，其中2700名威武男子由國王任命警司在過去兩年經歷一個半部落， 1700 ，下hashahiah ，舉行了類似的立場，對西方國家的約旦（ ib.二十六。 30 ， 31 ） 。

4. 4 。

One of the tribe of Judah, a descendant of Caleb ( ib. ii. 42, 43)其中一個部落的猶大，子孫就Caleb （ ib.二， 42 ， 43 ）

Gotthard Deutsch, M. Franco, Emil G. Hirsch, M. Seligsohn 。 Gotthard道依茨，米佛朗哥，埃米爾g.赫希，米seligsohn
Jewish Encyclopedia, published between 1901-1906.猶太百科全書出版1901年至1906年之間。

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