Properly, a "witness" (martys) is "one who testifies" (martyreo) by act or word his "testimony" (martyrion) to the truth.適當時， "證人" （ martys ）是"一個人證明" （ martyreo ）以行為或詞他的"見證意見書" （ martyrion ） ，以與事實不符。 This act of testifying is called his "testimony" (martyria).這種行為作證，是他的所謂"證言" （ martyria ） 。 In ancient days, as at the present, this was a legal term designating the testimony given for or against one on trial before a court of law.在古代天，截至目前為止，這是一個法律術語指定的證詞支持或反對的一對審判之前，法院的法律。 In Christian usage the term came to mean the testimony given by Christian witnesses to Christ and his saving power.在基督教用法一詞來指證詞，由基督教見證基督和他的節省電力。 Because such testimony often means arrest and scourging (cf. Matt. 10:18; Mark 13:9), exile (Rev. 1:9), or death (cf. Acts 22:20; Rev. 2:13; 17:6) the Greek was transliterated to form the English word "martyr," meaning one who suffers or dies rather than give up his faith.因為這樣的證詞往往意味著逮捕和scourging （參見馬特。 10時18分;馬克13時09分） ，流放（啟示錄1時09分） ，或死亡（參見行為， 22時20分;牧師2時13分， 17 ： 6 ） ，希臘是譯音，組成英文單詞"烈士" ，也就是說一個人受害或死亡，而不是放棄他的信仰。 However, in the NT suffering was an incidental factor in the word.不過，在新台幣痛苦是一個偶發性因素在字。
A thorough study of witnessing would necessitate a study of the whole Bible.深入研究的見證，將須研究整個聖經。 Such words as preaching, teaching, and confessing would have to be included.聽到這樣的話，作為傳道，教學，並供認，都必須包括在內。 Greek words (fifteen in number) stemming from "witness" (martys) are used over two hundred times in the NT.希臘字（ 15份） ，所產生的"證人" （ martys ）是用超過200倍，在新台幣。 The most common usage is found in the Johannine writings, in which seventy-six instances are found.最常見的用法是在johannine著作，其中76實例被發現。 Acts has thirty-nine instances and the Pauline writings thirty-five.行為已39事例和寶蓮著作35 。
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First, there are those testimonies which are meant to establish the incarnation and the truth of Christianity.第一，有那些證詞是指建立化身和真理的基督教。 In John's Gospel, where this is primary, we find instances of all the main witnesses.在約翰的福音，而這是小學，我們看到的事例所有的主要證人。 John the Baptist "bears testimony" (martyreo) to Jesus as the coming Savior of the world (John 1:7-8, 15, 32, 34; 3:26; 5:32).施洗約翰的"見證" （ martyreo ） ，以耶穌為未來的救世主，世界（約翰福音1:7-8 ， 15 ， 32 ， 34 ; 3時26分; 5時32分） 。 The works that Jesus did were a testimony that he came from the Father (John 5:36); this explains why John called the miracles "signs" (semeion).工程耶穌是一個證詞中說，他來自父親（約翰5點36分） ，這也解釋了為什麼約翰被稱為奇蹟"的標誌" （ semeion ） 。 The OT Scriptures are a testimony to Jesus (John 5:39); this thought is behind most of the NT quotations from the OT.職能治療經文是一個見證耶穌（約翰5點39分） ;這個思想，是最落後的新台幣報價，從城市旅遊局。 After the resurrection the main evidences of the truth of Christianity are the ministry of the Holy Spirit (John 15:26), the witness of the disciples to the resurrection (Acts 1:22), and the signs and wonders by which God attested the ministry of the apostles and the churches (Heb. 2:4).復活之後的主要證據的真相，基督教是內政部聖靈（約翰福音15:26 ） ，證人的門徒，以復活（使徒1:22 ） ，以及交通標誌和奇蹟，其中神核簽了財政部使徒和教會（希伯來書2:4 ） 。
The pattern of
Christian missionary and evangelistic activity is set in the
NT.該模式的基督教傳教士和布道活動，是訂在新台幣。 Several principles
emerge.幾個原則湧現。
Witness of the Spirit (Rom. 8:16), is the consciousness of the gracious operation of the Spirit on the mind, "a certitude of the Spirit's presence and work continually asserted within us", manifested "in his comforting us, his stirring us up to prayer, his reproof of our sins, his drawing us to works of love, to bear testimony before the world," etc.證人的精神（羅馬書8時16分） ，是意識的殷勤運作的精神，對心目中， " certitude的精神的存在和工作，不斷地斷言，在我們心裡" ，體現了"在他的安慰我們，他的悲壯使我們的禱告，他譴責的是我們的罪過，他的繪畫，我們的作品，愛，見證世界面前， "等。
(Easton Illustrated Dictionary) （伊斯頓說明字典）
One who is present, bears testimony, furnishes evidence or proof.誰是目前，印證，提供了證據或證明。 Witnesses are employed in various ecclesiastical matters, as in civil, in proof of a statement, fact, or contract.證人是受僱於各教會事務，為公民，在舉證的一份聲明中，事實上，或合約。 According to various circumstances a witness is one who is personally present and sees some act or occurrence and can bear testimony thereto; one who on request or in behalf of a party subscribes his name to an instrument to attest the genuineness of its execution; one who gives testimony on the trial of a cause, appearing before a court, judge, or other official to be examined under oath.根據不同的情況下，一個證人是一個人，是親自出席，並認為有些行為或發生，並能見證;一個人的請求或代表一黨贊同他的名字，以一種工具，以證明的真實性，其處決，其中一人給人的證詞對審判的一個原因，出現在法庭上，法官，或其他官方，以審查下宣誓。 The espousals of Catholics ("Ne temere") to be binding must be in writing, signed by the contracting parties and ordinarily by two witnesses, or by a pastor or ordinary, each within his own territory, as sole witnesses.該espousals的天主教徒（ "氦氖temere " ） ，以具有約束力，必須以書面形式簽訂，由締約各方和通常由兩名證人，或由牧師或普通，每個他在自己的領土上，作為唯一的證人。 In case either or both parties are unable for any cause to write, an additional witness is necessary.在案件一方或雙方當事人不能為任何事業，以收件，加開證人是必要的。 Catholics are incapable of entering into lawful wedlock ("Ne temere") except in the presence of a parish priest, or ordinary, or other priest duly delegated, and two witnesses.天主教徒都無法進入合法的非婚生子女（ "氦氖temere " ） ，除在出席會議的一位本堂司鐸，或普通，或其他牧師正式授予的，並有兩名證人。 Though not necessary for validity of the act, the Church desires in both cases that these witnesses be Catholics (SO, 19 Aug., 1891).雖然不是必需的行為的效力，教會慾望，在這兩種情況下，這些證人被天主教徒（如此， 1891年8月19日） 。 Witnesses of a marriage sign no ecclesiastical document, though they may be called upon by the state to attest by their own hand certain civil records.證人的婚姻沒有任何跡象教會文件中，雖然他們可能被要求由國家來證明，由他們自己的手某些公民記錄。 Sponsors at baptism and confirmation are not properly witnesses; they assist for other purposes (see RELATIONSHIP).贊助商的洗禮，並確認沒有得到妥善的證人，他們協助轉作其他用途（見關係） 。 A canonical precept, when employed, must be delivered in the presence of the vicar general or two others as witnesses (Cum magnopere, VII).一個規範的信條，當就業，必須將案件中存在的副主教一般或另兩名作為證人（暨Magnopere中七） 。 Ecclesiastical documents are attested or witnessed as circumstances require, eg, by the chancellor, clerk of the court, prothonotary apostolic.教會文件核簽或目擊視情況需要，例如，由校長，法庭的書記， prothonotary使徒。 Expert witnesses to some extent have a place in canon law.專家證人在一定程度上有一席之地，在教會法。 In ecclesiastical trials witnesses are adduced to prove a fact directly, or indirectly, ie, by establishing the falsity of the contrary.在教會審判證人是引用，以證明一個事實，直接或間接，即通過建立虛假的，相反。
The essential qualifications of a witness are knowledge of the fact at issue and truthfulness: he must be an eye-witness and trustworthy.基本資格的證人是知識的事實，在發行和真：他必須有一個目擊證人和可以信賴的。 Hearsay witnesses, however, are admitted, if necessary, in matters not of a criminal nature, eg, in proof of consanguinity or other relationship, baptism, etc. Anyone not expressly prohibited may testify.傳聞證人，不過，有承認，如果有需要，在事項不屬於刑事性質的，例如，在證明血緣或其他關係，洗禮等，任何人沒有明文禁止的，可作證。 Some, as the insane, infants, the blind or deaf, where sight or hearing is necessary for a knowledge of the facts in question, are excluded by the natural law; others by canon law, as those who are bribed or suborned, those who are infamous in law or in fact, convicted perjurors, excommunicated persons, all in a word whose veracity may be justly suspected.一些人來說，由於精神失常，嬰幼兒，失明或耳聾，視力或聽力有必要為了解事實的問題，並不屬於由自然法;他人的教會法，為那些被收買或suborned ，那些臭名昭著的是在法律上或事實上，定罪perjurors ，驅逐的人，都在一個字，其真實性，可以理直氣壯地懷疑。 The law likewise rejects those who on account of affection or enmity may be biased, as well as those who may be specially interested in the case.法律同樣駁斥那些對帳戶的感情或敵意，可能都有失偏頗，以及那些可能會特別感興趣的情況。 Parents as a rule are not admitted for their children, particularly when the rights of a third party are at stake, or against them and vice-versa; relatives for one another; lawyers for their clients; accomplices or enemies for or against one another; Jews or heretics against Christians; lay persons against clerics, except their own interests are at stake, or there are no clerics to testify; minors or women in criminal cases tried criminally, unless their testimony is necessary, or they testify in favor of the accused.家長作為一項規則，是不承認他們的子女，尤其是當第三者的權利受到威脅，或者對他們反之亦然;親屬因相互補充;律師為自己的客戶;共犯或敵人，或反對的相互補充;猶太人或異教徒對基督信徒;外界人士對神職人員，除了他們自身的利益受到威脅時，或者有沒有教士作證;未成年人或女性在刑事案件審判的刑事責任，除非他們的證詞是必要的，或者他們作證，有利於被告。 Clerics, unless compelled by civil authorities, are not allowed to testify against the accused when sentence of death is to be imposed (see IRREGULARITY).神職人員，除非迫不得已，由民間機構，是不容許指證被告的時候，被判處死刑的是被強加（見不平順） 。 There are many exceptions to these general statements.有很多，除了這些一般性發言。 A witness is more easily admitted in favour of a person than against him, and in civil than in criminal trials.證人是更容易承認，在贊成的人比反對他，並在民事，比在刑事審判。 No one is tolerated as a witness in his own case.沒有人能夠容忍作為證人在他自己的案例。 Hence, those who are engaged in a similar cause, a judge who has adjudicated a like case, etc. are excluded.因此，對於那些從事類似的原因，法官已經裁定，類似的案件等，被排除在外。 False witnesses are those who under oath prevaricate or conceal the truth that they are bound to tell: they are guilty of perjury, and if convicted are infamous in law.虛假證人是那些在宣誓搪塞，或隱瞞真相，他們勢必要告訴：他們犯有偽證罪，如果罪名成立，是臭名昭著的法律。 Notaries or others by altering or falsifying documents substantially become guilty of forgery.公證人或由他人變造或偽造證件大幅成為犯有偽造的。
Publication information Written by Andrew B. Meehan.出版信息作者： Andrew乙meehan 。 Transcribed by Michael T. Barrett.轉錄由龍田巴雷特。 Dedicated to Jerry F. Kobelin The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume XV.致力於偷工減料樓kobelin天主教百科全書，體積十五。 Published 1912. 1912年出版。 New York: Robert Appleton Company.紐約：羅伯特Appleton還公司。 Nihil Obstat, October 1, 1912. nihil obstat ， 1912年10月1日。 Remy Lafort, STD, Censor.人頭馬lafort ，性病，檢查員。 Imprimatur. imprimatur 。 +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York +約翰farley樞機主教，大主教紐約
Bibliography參考書目
Decret. decret 。 L., II, tit.屬第一，二，山雀。 20, De testibus et Attestationibus; SANTI, Praelect. 20 ，德testibus等attestationibus ; santi ， praelect 。 Juris Can.; TAUNTON, The Law of the Church, sv法律可以;風景如畫的，法律的教會， sv
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