Simony is the buying or selling of spiritual things. simony是買入或賣出的精神的東西。 The word is derived from the biblical sorcerer Simon Magus, who attempted to buy spiritual powers from the apostle Peter (see Acts 8:18-24).這個詞是來自於聖經的魔法師西蒙magus ，企圖購買精神文明權力由使徒彼得（見行為8:18-24 ） 。
Simony was a problem in the Christian church from the time of the Edict of Milan (313), when the church began to accumulate wealth and power, until modern times. simony是一個問題，在基督教教堂的時候，他們在公告中的米蘭（ 313 ） ，當教會開始積累財富和權力，直至近代。 This is evident from the frequent legislation against it.這是顯而易見的，從頻繁的立法反對。 In 451, the Council of Chalcedon proscribed ordination for money; this prohibition was reaffirmed by the Third Lateran Council in 1179 and by the Council of Trent (1545-63).在451中，安理會的chalcedon被禁統籌要錢;這項禁令重申了第三lateran安理會在1179年通過安理會的遄達（ 1545至1563年） 。 Simony was rampant from the 9th to the 11th century. simony是猖獗，從9到11世紀。 During that period simony pervaded church life on every level, from the lower clergy to the papacy.在這期間simony瀰漫教會生活的每一個層面，從低神職人員教宗。 At the time of the Reformation, major abuses centered on the sale of indulgences and relics.在時間的改革，主要的弊端為本，對出售indulgences和遺跡。
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(From Simon Magus; Acts 8:18-24) （從西門magus ;行為8:18-24 ）
Simony is usually defined "a deliberate intention of buying or selling for a temporal price such things as are spiritual of annexed unto spirituals". simony通常是確定了"故意的買入或賣出一顳價格等事情是精神的所附祂spirituals " 。 While this definition only speaks of purchase and sale, any exchange of spiritual for temporal things is simoniacal.雖然這一定義只談到買賣，任何交易所的精神，為顳東西是simoniacal 。 Nor is the giving of the temporal as the price of the spiritual required for the existence of simony; according to a proposition condemned by Innocent XI (Denzinger-Bannwart, no. 1195) it suffices that the determining motive of the action of one party be the obtaining of compensation from the other.也不是給予的時間為代價的精神需要的存在simony ;根據一個命題譴責無辜第十一章（登青格- bannwart ，沒有。 1195 ） ，這足以說，確定動機的行動的一黨索取賠償對方。
The various temporal advantages which may be offered for a spiritual favour are, after Gregory the Great, usually divided in three classes.各顳優勢，可提供一種精神是贊成後，格里高利大，通常分為三個等級。 These are: (1) the munus a manu (material advantage), which comprises money, all movable and immovable property, and all rights appreciable in pecuniary value; (2) the munus a lingua (oral advantage) which includes oral commendation, public expressions of approval, moral support in high places; (3) the munus ab obsequio (homage) which consists in subserviency, the rendering of undue services, etc.這些條件是： （ 1 ） munus一馬努（材料優勢） ，其中包括金錢，所有動產和不動產，以及所有權利稱道的，在金錢上的價值; （ 2 ） munus一語言（口頭優勢） ，其中包括口頭表揚，公開意向書的批准，在道義上的支持，在高的地方; （ 3 ） munus抗體obsequio （參拜） ，其中包括在subserviency ，繪製不必要的服務等。
The spiritual object includes whatever is conducive to the eternal welfare of the soul, ie all supernatural things: sanctifying grace, the sacraments, sacramentals, etc. While according to the natural and Divine laws the term simony is applicable only to the exchange of supernatural treasures for temporal advantages, its meaning has been further extended through ecclesiastical legislation.精神文明對象包括任何有利於永恆福祉的靈魂，即所有超自然的東西： sanctifying恩典，聖禮， sacramentals等，同時根據自然和神聖的法律術語simony只適用於交流超自然的寶藏為顳優勢，其內涵得到了進一步延伸，通過宗教立法。 In order to preclude all danger of simony the Church has forbidden certain dealings which did not fall under Divine prohibition.為了排除一切危險simony教會禁止某些交易不屬於神的禁令。 It is thus unlawful to exchange ecclesiastical benefices by private authority, to accept any payment whatever for holy oils, to sell blessed rosaries or crucifixes.因此，它是非法的外匯教會benefices由私人機構，接受任何形式的付款，無論為聖油，賣有福rosaries或在十字架上。 Such objects lose, if sold, all the indulgences previously attached to them (S. Cong. Of Indulg., 12 July, 1847).這類物體輸了，如果出售，所有indulgences以前重視他們（美國叢的。 indulg ， 1847年7月12日） 。 Simony of ecclesiastical law is, of course a variable element, since the prohibitions of the Church may be abrogated or fall into disuse. simony的教會法的，當然是一個變量的因素，由於禁令的教會可能廢止或陷入名存實亡。 Simony whether it be of ecclesiastical or Divine law, may be divided into mental, conventional, and real (simonia mentalis, conventionalis, et realis). simony無論是對教會或神權法，可分為精神，傳統，而且目前房地產（ simonia mentalis ， conventionalis等realis ） 。 In mental simony there is lacking the outward manifestation, or, according to others, the approval on the part of the person to whom a proposal is made.在心理simony有欠缺向外表現，或根據其他人的看法，贊成，對部份的人的建議，意見。 In conventional simony an expressed or tacit agreement is entered upon.在常規simony一個明示或默示協議簽訂後。 It is subdivided into merely conventional, when neither party has fulfilled any of the terms of the agreement, and mixed conventional, when one of the parties has at least partly complied with the assumed obligations.它分為只是常規，當任何一方已經履行任何協議的條款，以及混合常規，當其中一方至少已部分遵守與承擔義務。 To the latter subdivision may be referred what has been aptly termed "confidential simony", in which an ecclesiastical benefice is procured for a certain person with the understanding that later he will either resign in favour of the one through whom he obtained the position or divide with him the revenues.關於後者細分可被稱作什麼已經恰當地稱之為"機密simony " ，其中一個教會benefice採購是為某個人達成的諒解是，後來他也將辭職，贊成一個人，通過他得到了立場或鴻溝與他的收入。 Simony is called real when the stipulations of the mutual agreement have been either partly or completely carried out by both parties. simony是所謂真正的時候，規定了雙方協議已部分或完全實施，由雙方當事人。
To estimate accurately the gravity of simony, which some medieval ecclesiastical writers denounced as the most abominable of crimes, a distinction must be made between the violations of the Divine law, and the dealings contrary to ecclesiastical legislation.估計準確的嚴重性simony ，一些中世紀的教會作家的譴責，認為是最可惡的罪行，必須加以區分侵犯神聖的法律，以及交易違背了宗教立法。 Any transgression of the law of God in this matter is, objectively considered, grievous in every instance (mortalis ex toto genere suo).任何越軌的上帝的法規，在此問題上，客觀地考慮，而悲痛，在每一個實例（ mortalis特惠全文genere鎖） 。 For this kind of simony places on a par things supernatural and things natural, things eternal and things temporal, and constitutes a sacrilegious depreciation of Divine treasures.對於這種simony地方，就等同於超自然的事物和自然的事，事情永遠不變的東西，顳葉，並構成褻瀆折舊神聖的寶物。 The sin can become venial only through the absence of the subjective dispositions required for the commission of a grievous offense.罪惡可以成為venial只有通過沒有主觀處分權委員會所需的嚴重罪行。 The merely ecclesiastical prohibitions, however, do not all and under all circumstances impose a grave obligation.僅僅是教會的禁令，不過，不是所有的情況下，都施加一個嚴重的義務。 The presumption is that the church authority, which, in this connection, sometimes prohibits actions in themselves indifferent, did not intend the law to be grievously binding in minor details.推定的是，教會的權威，其中，在這方面，有時禁止行動，在自己無所謂，不打算依法將嚴重衝擊約束力，在這些小節。 As he who preaches the gospel "should live by the gospel" (1 Corinthians 9:14) but should also avoid even the appearance of receiving temporal payment for spiritual services, difficulties may arise concerning the propriety or sinfulness of remuneration in certain circumstances.正如他的人宣揚福音"的生活應該由福音" （哥林多前書9:14 ） ，但也應避免，甚至出現接收顳金精神文明服務，困難可能出現的關於是否恰當，或罪孽的報酬，在某些情況下。 The ecclesiastic may certainly receive what is offered to him on the occasion of spiritual ministrations, but he cannot accept any payment for the same.教會固然可能得到什麼是給他在紀念精神文明ministrations ，但他不能接受任何金額相同的。 The celebration of Mass for money would, consequently, be sinful; but it is perfectly legitimate to accept a stipend offered on such occasion for the support of the celebrant.慶祝彌撒，這筆錢將，因此，被罪孽深重的，但它是完全合法的，接受助學金提供這種場合，為支持該監禮人。 The amount of the stipend, varying for different times and countries, is usually fixed by ecclesiastical authority (SEE STIPEND).該數額的津貼，變不同的時代和國家，通常是固定的，由宗教事務管理局（見津貼） 。 It is allowed to accept it even should the priest be otherwise well-to-do; for he has a right to live from the altar and should avoid becoming obnoxious to other members of the gy.這是不允許接受它，甚至應該神父，否則油井到做到;因為他有生存的權利，從神龕，並應避免變成厭惡對其他成員的照射。 It is simoniacal to accept payment for the exercise of ecclesiastical jurisdiction, eg, the granting of dispensations; but there is nothing improper in demanding from the applicants for matrimonial dispensations a contribution intended partly as a chancery fee and partly as a salutary fine calculated to prevent the too frequent recurrence of such requests.這是simoniacal要接受付款為行使教會管轄範圍，如給予dispensations ; ，但並沒有什麼不當的要求，從申請人婚姻dispensations貢獻意圖部分原因是由於chancery費及部分原因是由於一種良性的罰款計算，以防止該過於頻繁發生的此類要求。 It is likewise simony to accept temporal compensation for admission into a religious order; but contributions made by candidates to defray the expenses of their novitiate as well as the dowry required by some female orders are not included in this prohibition.這是同樣simony接受顳補償入學成為一個宗教秩序，但所作出的貢獻的候選人，以支付他們的費用novitiate以及為嫁妝所需要的一些女性的訂單不包括在這項禁令。
In regard to the parish clergy, the poorer the church, the more urgent is the obligation incumbent upon the faithful to support them.對於教區神職人員，較窮的教會，更緊迫的是義務，有責任忠實地支持他們。 In the fulfilment of this duty local law and custom ought to be observed.在履行這一職責時當地法律和風俗習慣，應該得到遵守。 The Second Plenary Council of Baltimore has framed the following decrees for the United States: (1) The priest may accept what is freely offered after the administration of baptism or matrimony, but should refrain from asking anything (no. 221).第二次全體會議，會議的巴爾的摩市已經制定下列法令，對美國而言： （ 1 ）牧師也可以接受什麼是自由後，提供政府當局的洗禮或婚姻關係，但應避免問什麼（第221號） 。 (2) The confessor is never allowed to apply to his own use pecuniary penances, nor may he ask or accept anything from the penitent in compensation of his services. （ 2 ）懺悔是永遠不會獲准申請為己所用金錢penances ，也可能他要求或接受任何來自懺悔者賠償他的服務。 Even voluntary gifts must be refused, and the offering of Mass stipends in the sacred tribunal cannot be permitted (no. 289).即使是自願的禮物必須被拒絕，並提供大規模獎助學金，在神聖的法庭不能被允許的（第289號） 。 (3) The poor who cannot be buried at their own expense should receive free burial (no. 393). （ 3 ）貧困者不能被安葬在自己的犧牲應該享受免費的墓地（第393號） 。 The Second and Third action of a compulsory contribution at the church entrance from the faithful who wish to hear Mass on Sundays and Holy Days (Conc. Plen. Balt. II, no 397; Conc. Plen. Balt. III, no 288).第二次和第三次行動的一個強制性的貢獻，在教堂入口處，從忠實的人願意聽到群眾，星期日和節日（ conc. plen 。 balt第二節，沒有397名;濃度plen 。 balt第三節，沒有288 ） 。 As this practice continued in existence in many churches until very recently, a circular letter addressed 29 Sept., 1911, by the Apostolic Delegate to the archbishops and bishops of the United States, again condemns the custom and requests the ordinaries to suppress it wherever found in existence.由於這種做法繼續存在，在許多教堂直到最近，一封通函處理1911年9月29日，由宗座代表大主教和主教的美國，再次譴責習俗，並請普通壓制它在何處找到存在。
To uproot the evil of simony so prevalent during the Middle Ages, the Church decreed the severest penalties against its perpetrators.為了剷除邪惡的simony盛行，在中世紀，教會頒布的最嚴厲懲罰肇事者。 Pope Julius II declared simoniacal papal elections invalid, an enactment which has since been rescinded, however, by Pope Pius X (Constitution "Vacante Sede", 25 Dec., 1904, tit. II, cap. Vi, in "Canoniste Contemp.", XXXII, 1909, 291).教宗戲劇二宣布simoniacal教皇選舉無效的，一項法律的頒布已經被取消，不過，教宗比約× （憲法" ， vacante總部" ， 1904年12月25日，鐵，第二章第六，在" canoniste contemp " 。 ，三十二， 1909年， 291名） 。 The collation of a benefice is void if, in obtaining it, the appointee either committed simony himself, or at least tacitly approved of its commission by a third party.校勘一個benefice是無效的，如果在獲取它，受聘者此時simony自己，或者至少是默許其委員會由第三人參加訴訟。 Should he have taken possession, he is bound to resign and restore all the revenues received during his tenure.他應該採取藏，他勢必要辭職，並恢復所有的收入在他的任期內。 Excommunication simply reserved to the Apostolic See is pronounced in the Constitution "Apostolicae Sedis" (12 Oct., 1869): (1) against persons guilty of real simony in any benefices and against their accomplices; (2) against any persons, whatsoever their dignity, guilty of confidential simony in any benefices; (3) against such as are guilty of simony by purchasing or selling admission into a religious order; (4) against all persons inferior to the bishops, who derive gain (quaestum facientes) from indulgences and other spiritual graces; (5) against those who, collecting stipends for Masses, realize a profit on them by having the Masses celebrated in places where smaller stipends are usually given.禁教，根本保留給使徒看到的是，在宣判憲法" apostolicae sedis " （ 1869年10月12日） ： （ 1 ）對犯有真正simony在任何benefices以及反對其同謀; （ 2 ）對任何人，不管他們的尊嚴，犯有機密simony在任何benefices ; （ 3 ）對等，是犯了simony通過購買或銷售收入是一個宗教秩序; （ 4 ）對所有的人不亞於主教，誰獲得的增益（ quaestum facientes ）由indulgences和其他精神青睞; （ 5 ）對那些工作，蒐集獎助學金，為群眾，實現利潤對他們具備了群眾慶祝活動的地方，規模較小的獎助學金通常是給予。 The last-mentioned provision was supplemented by subsequent decrees of the Sacred Congregation of the Council.最後提及的條文進行了補充隨後法令的神聖聚集安理會。 The Decree "Vigilanti" (25 May, 1893) forbade the practice indulged in by some booksellers of receiving stipends and offering exclusively books and subscriptions to periodicals to the celebrant of the Masses.該法令" vigilanti " （ 1893年5月25日）禁止實踐沉迷於一些書商的接受獎助學金，並提供專門的書籍和訂閱期刊向監禮人的群眾。 The Decree "Ut Debita" (11 May, 1904) condemned the arrangements according to which the guardians of shrines sometimes devoted the offerings originally intended for Masses partly to other pious purposes.這項法令"對debita " （ 1904年5月11日）譴責安排，根據該項規定監護人的神社，有時專門的產品原本是為群眾部分，以虔誠的其他用途。 The offenders against the two decrees just mentioned incur suspension ipso facto from their functions if they are in sacred orders; inability to receive higher orders if they are clerics inferior to the priests; excommunication of pronounced sentence (latae sententiae) if they belong to the laity.罪犯對兩項法令，剛才提到招致暫停事實本身，從它們的職能，如果他們是在神聖的命令，不能以獲得較高的命令，如果他們是神職人員不亞於祭司;禁教的宣判（ latae sententiae ） ，如果他們屬於俗人。
Publication information Written by NA Weber.出版信息寫娜韋伯。 Transcribed by Lucia Tobin.轉錄由聖盧西亞托賓。 The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume XIV.天主教百科全書，體積十四。 Published 1912. 1912年出版。 New York: Robert Appleton Company.紐約：羅伯特Appleton還公司。 Nihil Obstat, July 1, 1912. nihil obstat ， 1912年7月1日。 Remy Lafort, STD, Censor.人頭馬lafort ，性病，檢查員。 Imprimatur. imprimatur 。 +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York +約翰farley樞機主教，大主教紐約
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