(Pesach Passover) Seder （ pesach逾越節） seder

(This presentation primarily discusses Jewish perspectives on the Eucharist. At the end of this presentation are links to Catholic and Protestant persectives, and a more general presentation on the Eucharist that includes presentation of the Orthodox perspective.) （本文主要論述了猶太人的角度對聖體聖事在本月底提交的紐帶，以天主教和新教persectives ，更具有一般性介紹了聖體聖事，其中包括介紹正統的角度）。

General Information 一般資料

The seder (from the Hebrew word for "order") is the festal meal eaten on the first two nights of Passover, the Jewish celebration of the Exodus from Egypt.該seder （從希伯來語意為"命令" ），是節日餐吃頭兩個晝夜的逾越節，猶太慶祝的，由流亡埃及。 The main seder meal does not begin until the story of the Exodus has been retold through the reading of the Haggadah and, more important, reexperienced by the celebrants.主要seder餐不開始，直到故事的外流已經新編通過閱讀該haggadah ，而更重要的是， reexperienced由監禮人。 This recreation of the circumstances of bondage, together with the minutiae of the deliverance, form the heart and spirit of the seder and of the Passover festival itself.這個娛樂的情況下束縛，加上細微的解脫，形成心臟和精神的seder和逾越節節本身。

Certain foods are eaten in set order during the ceremony, including matzoth, the unleavened bread of bondage; maror, bitter herbs (grated horseradish), commemorating the bitterness of slavery; baitzah, a hard-cooked egg, symbolic of life's cycle of birth and death; zaroah, a roasted lamb bone representing the paschal lamb; haroseth, chopped nuts, apples, and wine, symbolic of the clay used by Pharaoh's Hebrew slaves to make bricks; and karpas, parsley, lettuce or other greens, as a reminder that the new growth during this spring festival brings renewed hope of universal peace.某些食品可吃掉，每套為了在開幕典禮中，包括matzoth ，未經發酵的麵包的勞役; maror ，苦菜（梯度辣根），紀念苦澀的奴役; baitzah ，硬熟雞蛋，象徵生命的週期的誕生和死亡; zaroah ，一個烤羊肉骨代表逾越節的羔羊; haroseth ，切碎的堅果，蘋果，葡萄酒，象徵性的粘土用老王的希伯萊奴隸，使磚;卡帕斯，香菜，生菜或其他綠色植物，作為提醒說，新的增長點，在這個春節帶來新的希望，對世界和平。 Four cups of wine are drunk at various moments in the ceremony.四杯酒是喝醉了，在不同時刻，在主禮嘉賓。 A goblet of wine for Elijah is placed on the seder table in the symbolic hope that the prophet, whose appearance will presage the coming of the Messiah, may enter and partake of the wine that awaits him. 1杯狀的葡萄酒以利亞，是擺在seder表，在象徵希望的先知，其外觀將預示著未來的救世主，可進入和參與的紅酒，正等待他。

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Passover逾越節

General Information 一般資料

Passover (in Hebrew, Pesach) is one of the most important Jewish festivals.逾越節（希伯來文， pesach ）是其中最重要的猶太節日。 Celebrated in late March or early April (by the Jewish calendar, Nisan 15-22), it commemorates the Exodus--the deliverance of Israel from slavery in Egypt.慶祝在3月底或4月初（猶太歷尼散月14日15-22 ），它是紀念外流-解脫以色列從在埃及為奴。 The name Passover is interpreted in the Mishnah to refer to the statement (Exod. 12:23) that God would pass over the houses of the Israelites in killing the firstborn of Egypt.名稱逾越節是解釋在mishnah參閱該聲明（ exod. 12:23 ），神將通過以上房子的以色列人在殺，頭生的埃及。 In the Bible, however, the name is applied to a festival involving the sacrifice of a lamb or kid and the eating of unleavened bread; this was probably an ancient spring festival.在聖經中，不過，名字是應用於一節涉及的犧牲羔羊或小孩和吃無酵餅，這可能是一個古老的春節。

The Passover is celebrated for 7 days (outside Israel, traditionally observant Jews add an extra day), the first and last days being full holidays when work is not to be done.逾越節是為慶祝7天（以色列以外，傳統上觀察入微的猶太人添加額外的一天），第一次和最後的日子充滿假日時工作，是不是需要做。 Throughout the week only unleavened bread (matzo) is eaten; the scrupulously observant abstain from all leavened food and even from nonleavened food not prepared for the festival with special care.整個星期只酵麵包（ matzo ）是吃;一絲不苟地觀察入微棄權一切有酵的食物，甚至從nonleavened食物不準備為藝術節演出，特別的照顧。 Samaritans still perform the ancient Passover sacrifice; all other Jews gave up this rite when the Temple was destroyed.撒瑪利亞仍表現古代逾越節犧牲其他所有的猶太人放棄了這項成年禮時，聖殿被毀。 Instead, the first two evenings of Passover are marked by a festal meal, called the seder, at which the story of the Exodus is retold through the reading of the Haggadah (story) and the symbols of the occasion--unleavened bread, bitter herbs, and others--are explained.相反，前兩個晚上的逾越節是標誌著一個節日餐，被稱為seder ，在這故事的出埃及記的是新編通過閱讀該haggadah （故事）和符號的場合-無酵麵包，苦菜等-進行說明。

The Christian feast called Easter in English is called Passover in many other languages (Pascha, Pascuas, Paques).基督教盛宴所謂的復活節在英語稱為逾越節的，在許多其他語言（逾越節時， pascuas ， paques ）。

The Passover lamb is interpreted as foreshadowing the sacrifice on the cross of Jesus, the lamb of God.逾越節羔羊，可以解釋為鋪墊犧牲在十字架上的耶穌，上帝的羔羊。

Bernard J. Bamberger伯納德j.巴姆博格

Bibliography 參考書目
Bokser, BM, The Origins of the Seder (1984); Gaster, TH, Passover: Its History and Traditions (1949; repr. 1962); Goodman, Philip, ed., The Passover Anthology (1961); Wolfson, Ron, and Grishaver, JL, The Art of Jewish Living: The Passover Seder (1988)博克塞，骨髓，起源的seder （ 1984年） ;胃，釷，逾越節：它的歷史和傳統（ 1949年; repr 。 1962 ） ;古德曼，弘，版，逾越節選集（ 1961年） ;沃爾夫森，羅恩，並grishaver ，的JL ，美術猶太人生活：逾越節seder （ 1988 ）

Pesach Passover Seder pesach逾越節seder

General Information (Basic) 一般資料（基本）

Of all the Jewish holidays, Pesach is the one most commonly observed, even by otherwise non-observant Jews.所有猶太假期， pesach是一個最常見的觀察，即使是由其他非觀察入微的猶太人。 According to the 1990 National Jewish Population Survey (NJPS), more than 80% of Jews have attended a Pesach seder.根據1990年全國猶太人人口調查（ njps ）， 80 ％以上的猶太人參加了pesach seder 。

Pesach begins on the 15th day of the Jewish month of Nissan. It is the first of the three major festivals with both historical and agricultural significance (the other two are Shavu'ot and Sukkot). pesach開始於第15天的猶太一個月的日產，這是其中的第一三大節日與歷史和農業意義（其他兩個是shavu'ot和申命記16:16 ）。 Agriculturally, it represents the beginning of the harvest season in Israel, but little attention is paid to this aspect of the holiday.以農業而言，它是一開始的收穫季節，在以色列，但很少注意的是，以這方面的公眾假期。 The primary observances of Pesach are related to the Exodus from Egypt after generations of slavery.主要紀念活動的pesach都涉及到大量逃離埃及後，幾代人的奴役。 This story is told in Exodus, Ch.這個故事是說，在逃亡，你的。 1-15. 1-15 。 Many of the Pesach observances are instituted in Chs.很多的pesach紀念活動都建立了社區衛生服務。 12-15. 12-15 。

The name "Pesach" (PAY-sahch, with a "ch" as in the Scottich "loch") comes from the Hebrew root Peh-Samech-Chet , meaning to pass through, to pass over, to exempt or to spare.取名" pesach " （付費sahch ，一個"你" ，作為在scottich "湖濱" ），來自希伯來文根peh -薩姆西-域，即通過，通過後，豁免或備件。 It refers to the fact that Gd "passed over" the houses of the Jews when he was slaying the firstborn of Egypt.它是指一個事實，即神" ，通過對"兩院猶太人的時候，他被殺害的頭生的埃及。 In English, the holiday is known as Passover.在英語，假期被稱為逾越節。 "Pesach" is also the name of the sacrificial offering (a lamb) that was made in the Temple on this holiday. " pesach "也是名稱的祭品（羔羊）表示，我們曾在廟坐落於這個節日。 The holiday is also referred to as Chag he-Aviv , (the Spring Festival), Chag ha-Matzoth , (the Festival of Matzahs), and Z'man Cherutenu , (the Time of Our Freedom) (again, all with those Scottish "ch"s).假期也被稱為chag他特拉維夫，（春節）， chag夏matzoth ，（節matzahs ），並z'man cherutenu ，（的時候，我們的自由）（再次，所有與這些蘇格蘭"你的" S ）。

Probably the most significant observance related to Pesach involves the removal of chametz (leaven; sounds like "hum it's" with that Scottish ch) from our homes.大概是最顯著的遵守相關pesach涉及搬遷的chametz （神曲;聽起來像"哼聲，它的"同蘇格蘭的CH ），從我們的家園。 This commemorates the fact that the Jews leaving Egypt were in a hurry, and did not have time to let their bread rise. It is also a symbolic way of removing the "puffiness" (arrogance, pride) from our souls.這是紀念事實，即猶太人離開埃及都是在趕時間，而沒有時間讓他們的麵包崛起， 它也是一個具有象徵意義的方式去除"浮皮" （傲慢，驕傲），從我們的靈魂。

Chametz includes anything made from the five major grains (wheat, rye, barley, oats and spelt) that has not been completely cooked within 18 minutes after coming into contact with water. chametz包括任何由5個主要穀物（小麥，黑麥，大麥，燕麥和說明）表示，尚未完全煮熟18分鐘後，未來與水接觸。 Orthodox Jews of Ashkenazic background also avoid rice, corn, peanuts, and legumes (beans) as if they were chametz.正統猶太教徒的ashkenazic背景，也避免稻米，玉米，花生，豆類（菜豆），因為如果他們chametz 。 All of these items are commonly used to make bread, thus use of them was prohibited to avoid any confusion.所有這些物品都是常見的用來製造麵包，因此利用這些被禁止的，以避免任何混淆。 Such additional items are referred to as "kitniyot."這種新增加的項目是被稱為" kitniyot " 。

We may not eat chametz during Pesach; we may not even own it or derive benefit from it.我們可能不會吃chametz期間pesach ，我們甚至有可能不會擁有它，或從中得益。 We may not even feed it to our pets or cattle.我們甚至有可能不會轉達給我們的寵物或牲畜。 All chametz, including utensils used to cook chametz, must either be disposed of or sold to a non-Jew (they can be repurchased after the holiday).所有chametz ，包括器皿用來煮chametz ，要么必須加以處置或出售給非猶太人（他們可以購回後，假日）。 Pets' diets must be changed for the holiday, or the pets must be sold to a non-Jew (like the food and utensils, the pets can be repurchased after the holiday ends).寵物飲食必須加以改變，為公眾假期，或寵物必須出售給非猶太人（如食物和食具，寵物可以購回後，假期結束）。 I have noticed that many non-Jews and non-observant Jews mock this practice of selling chametz as an artificial technicality.我注意到，許多非猶太人和非猶太人的觀察入微的模擬，這種做法出售chametz作為一個人造的技術性問題。 I assure you that this sale is very real and legally binding, and would not be valid under Jewish law if it were not.我向你保證，這個買賣是非常真實和具有法律約束力的，並不能有效根據猶太法律，如果不是的。 From the gentile's perspective, the purchase functions much like the buying and selling of futures on the stock market: even though he does not take physical posession of the goods, his temporary legal ownership of those goods is very real and potentially profitable.從gentile的角度講，購買功能很像買入和賣出期貨對股市的：即使他不考慮實際佔有的貨物，他的臨時合法所有權的那些貨物是很現實的和潛在獲利。

The process of cleaning the home of all chametz in preparation for Pesach is an enormous task. To do it right, you must prepare for several weeks and spend several days scrubbing everything down, going over the edges of your stove and fridge with a toothpick and a Q-Tip, covering all surfaces that come in contact with foil or shelf-liner, etc., etc., etc. After the cleaning is completed, the morning before the seder, a formal search of the house for chametz is undertaken, and any remaining chametz is burned. 過程中的清洗家中所有chametz準備pesach是一項艱鉅的任務。去做正確的，你必須準備好幾個星期，並花費數天洗滌一切，過頭的邊緣你的爐灶和冰箱，以牙籤和印鑑提示，涵蓋了所有的表面要接觸箔或大陸架班輪運輸等等，等等後，清洗工作完成後，上午前seder ，正式搜查該府為chametz是承諾，和任何剩餘chametz是燒了。

The grain product we eat during Pesach is called matzah. Matzah is unleavened bread, made simply from flour and water and cooked very quickly. 糧食產品時，我們吃在pesach是所謂matzah 。 matzah是未經發酵的麵包，作出簡單，只用麵粉和水和熟的非常快。 This is the bread that the Jews made for their flight from Egypt.這是麵包說，猶太人為自己的航班，從埃及。 We have come up with many inventive ways to use matzah; it is available in a variety of textures for cooking: matzah flour (finely ground for cakes and cookies), matzah meal (coarsely ground, used as a bread crumb substitute), matzah farfel (little chunks, a noodle or bread cube substitute), and full-sized matzahs (about 10 inches square, a bread substitute).我們也提出了很多創造性的使用方法matzah ，它是備有各種質地做飯： matzah麵粉（細磨的蛋糕和餅乾）， matzah餐（粗糙地面，用來作為麵包粉代替）， matzah法爾費爾（小塊，麵條或麵包立方體代替），以及全尺寸matzahs （約10英寸廣場，用麵包代替）。

The day before Pesach is the Fast of the Firstborn, a minor fast for all firstborn males, commemorating the fact that the firstborn Jewish males in Egypt were not killed during the final plague.前一天pesach是快速的頭生，未成年人的快速所有頭生的男性，紀念這一事實，即頭生男生猶太人在埃及被打死不會在最後鼠疫。

On the first night of Pesach (first two nights for traditional Jews outside Israel), we have a special family meal filled with ritual to remind us of the significance of the holiday.上的第一個晚上， pesach （首兩晚，為傳統的猶太人在以色列境外）， 我們有一個特別的家庭餐充滿儀式，以提醒我們意義的節日。 This meal is called a seder , from a Hebrew root word meaning "order," because there is a specific set of information that must be discussed in a specific order. 這一餐稱為seder ，從希伯萊文根字，意思是"命令" ，因為有一個具體的一套資料，必須加以討論，在一個特定的命令。 It is the same root from which we derive the word "siddur" , (prayer book).這是同根同源，從我們所衍生字" siddur " ，（祈禱書）。 An overview of a traditional seder is included below.概述了傳統seder列入下文。

Pesach lasts for seven days (eight days outside of Israel). pesach為期7天（ 8天，以色列以外）。 The first and last days of the holiday (first two and last two outside of Israel) are days on which no work is permitted.第一和最後幾天的假期（前兩個和最後兩個以色列以外），是天完全沒有工作，是不允許的。 See Extra Day of Holidays for more information.看到一天的假期，以獲取更多信息。 Work is permitted on the intermediate days.工作，是不允許對中間天。 These intermediate days on which work is permitted are referred to as Chol Ha-Mo'ed, as are the intermediate days of Sukkot.這中間的日子，而工作，是不允許被稱為哲夏mo'ed ，由於是中介的日子住棚。

When Pesach Begins on a Saturday Night當pesach始於上週六晚

Occasionally, Pesach begins on a motzaei Shabbat, that is, on Saturday night after the sabbath has concluded.偶爾， pesach開始就motzaei shabbat ，即是對週六夜後安息日結束了。 This occured in the year 5761 (2001).這一事件發生在5761年（ 2001年）。 This complicates the process of preparing for Pesach, because many of the preparations normally undertaken on the day before Pesach cannot be performed on Shabbat.這個複雜的籌備過程pesach的，因為許多的準備工作通常是對前一天pesach不能對shabbat 。

The Fast of the Firstborn, normally observed on the day before Pesach, is observed on Thursday instead.快速的頭生，通常觀察到前一天pesach ，是於週四代替。 The search for chametz, normally performed on the night before Pesach, is performed on Thursday night.尋找chametz ，通常演出的前一天晚上pesach ，是對週四晚上。 The seder should be prepared for as much as possible before Shabbat begins, because time should not be taken away from Shabbat to prepare for Pesach.該seder應有所準備，盡可能多前shabbat開始，因為時間不應被帶離shabbat準備pesach 。 In addition, there are severe complications dealing with the conflict between the requirement of removing chametz no later than mid-morning on Saturday, the prohibition against eating matzah on the day before the seder, and the requirement of eating three meals with bread during Shabbat!此外，有嚴重並發症，處理矛盾的要求，消除chametz不遲於上午10時左右就週六，禁止吃matzah對前一天seder ，並要求吃三餐與麵包在shabbat ！ For further details, see an excellent summary from the Orthodox Union, the world's largest, oldest and perhaps most respected kosher certification agency.進一步的細節，見一個很好的總結，從正統的聯盟，世界上規模最大，歷史最悠久，也許是最受人尊敬的猶太教認證機構。

The Pesach Seder該pesach seder

The text of the Pesach seder is written in a book called the haggadah.文本的pesach seder是寫一本書，名為haggadah 。 Suggestions for buying a haggadah are included below.建議購買haggadah列入下文。 The content of the seder can be summed up by the following Hebrew rhyme:內容的seder可以概括為，由下列希伯來語押韻：
Kaddesh, Urechatz, kaddesh ， urechatz ，
Karpas, Yachatz,卡帕斯， yachatz ，
Maggid, Rachtzah, maggid ， rachtzah ，
Motzi, Matzah, motzi ， matzah ，
Maror, Korech, maror ， korech ，
Shulchan Orech, shulchan orech ，
Tzafun, Barech, tzafun ， barech ，
Hallel, Nirtzah hallel ， nirtzah

Now, what does that mean?現在，是什麼意思呢？

1. 1 。 Kaddesh: Sanctification kaddesh ：成聖: A blessing over wine in honor of the holiday.福超過酒榮耀的節日。 The wine is drunk, and a second cup is poured.酒是喝醉了酒，和一個第二杯是傾注了。
2. 2 。 Urechatz: Washing urechatz ：洗滌 A washing of the hands without a blessing, in preparation for eating the Karpas.洗衣機的手中，沒有一個祝福，為準備吃卡帕斯。
3. 3 。 Karpas: Vegetable 卡帕斯：蔬菜 A vegetable (usually parsley) is dipped in salt water and eaten.蔬菜（通常是香菜），是浸在鹽水吃。 The vegetable symbolizes the lowly origins of the Jewish people; the salt water symbolizes the tears shed as a result of our slavery.蔬菜象徵著卑微的起源猶太人民;鹹水象徵著淚水棚由於我們的奴役。 Parsley is a good vegetable to use for this purpose, because when you shake off the salt water, it looks like tears.香菜是一個很好的蔬菜使用為此目的，因為當你擺脫食鹽水，它看起來像流淚了。
4. 4 。 Yachatz: Breaking yachatz ：突破 One of the three matzahs on the table is broken.其中的三個matzahs擺在桌面上，是斷了。 Part is returned to the pile, the other part is set aside for the afikomen (see below).部分退給樁，另一部分則是撥作afikomen （見下文）。
5. 5 。 Maggid: The Story maggid ：故事 A retelling of the story of the Exodus from Egypt and the first Pesach. 1複述這個故事的外流，從埃及和第一pesach 。 This begins with the youngest person asking The Four Questions, a set of questions about the proceedings designed to encourage participation in the seder.這是從最年輕的人問了四個問題，一組問題，對訴訟程序的設計，以鼓勵參與，在seder 。 The Four Questions are also known as Mah Nishtanah (Why is it different?), which are the first words of the Four Questions.四個問題，現又被稱為馬來酸酐nishtanah （它為什麼不一樣？），它是第一個字的四個問題。 This is often sung.這常常是唱。 See below.見下文。
The maggid is designed to satisfy the needs of four different types of people: the wise one, who wants to know the technical details; the wicked one, who excludes himself (and learns the penalty for doing so); the simple one, who needs to know the basics; and the one who is unable to ask, who doesn't even know enough to know what he needs to know.該maggid設計，以滿足需求的4種不同類型的人：明智的，任何人想知道的技術細節;惡人之一，他們排除了自己（和學會的罰款，這樣做的） ;簡單的一個，誰需要要知道，基礎知識，以及一個人是無法問，他們甚至不知道夠了解他需要知道的事。
At the end of the maggid, a blessing is recited over the second cup of wine and it is drunk.在去年底的maggid ，福是吟誦，比第二杯酒，這是喝醉了。
6. 6 。 Rachtzah: Washing rachtzah ：洗滌 A second washing of the hands, this time with a blessing, in preparation for eating the matzah第二洗的手裡，這一次與祝福，準備吃matzah
7. 7 。 Motzi: Blessing over Grain Products motzi ：祝福糧產品 The ha-motzi blessing, a generic blessing for bread or grain products used as a meal, is recited over the matzah.醫管局- motzi祝福，一個通用的祝福麵包或穀物產品作為一餐，是吟誦超過matzah 。
8. 8 。 Matzah: Blessing over Matzah matzah ：祝福超過matzah A blessing specific to matzah is recited, and a bit of matzah is eaten.福特定matzah是背誦，並有點matzah是吃掉。
9. 9 。 Maror: Bitter Herbs maror ：苦菜 A blessing is recited over a bitter vegetable (usually raw horseradish; sometimes romaine lettuce), and it is eaten.福是背誦過慘痛的蔬菜（通常為原料辣根;有時生菜），它吃掉。 This symbolizes the bitterness of slavery.這象徵著苦澀的奴役。 The maror is dipped charoset, a mixture of apples, nuts, cinnamon and wine, which symbolizes the mortar used by the Jews in building during their slavery.該maror抹於charoset ，混合蘋果，核桃，桂皮和酒，象徵著迫擊砲所使用的猶太人，在建設期間，他們的奴隸。
Note that there are two bitter herbs on the seder plate: one labeled Maror and one labeled Chazeret.注意到，有兩個苦菜就seder板塊：一是標記maror和一個標記chazeret 。 The one labeled Maror should be used for Maror and the one labeled Chazeret should be used in the Korech, below.一個標記maror應當用於maror和一個標記chazeret應該用來在korech ，下面。
10. 10 。 Korech: The Sandwich korech ：夾心 Rabbi Hillel was of the opinion that the maror should be eaten together with matzah and the paschal offering in a sandwich.拉比hillel被認為maror應該吃連同matzah和逾越提供一個三明治。 In his honor, we eat some maror on a piece of matzah, with some charoset (we don't do animal sacrifice anymore, so there is no paschal offering to eat).在他的榮譽，我們吃一些maror就一塊matzah ，有些charoset （我們不這樣做動物犧牲了，所以不存在任何逾越提供吃）。
11. 11 。 Shulchan Orech: Dinner shulchan orech ：晚餐 A festive meal is eaten.在節日餐吃掉。 There is no particular requirement regarding what to eat at this meal (except, of course, that chametz cannot be eaten).有沒有特別的規定，對於吃什麼，在這餐（當然，除非這chametz不能吃）。 Among Ashkenazic Jews, gefilte fish and matzah ball soup are traditionally eaten at the beginning of the meal.其中ashkenazic猶太人， gefilte魚類和matzah球湯是傳統吃在年初的膳食。 Roast chicken or turkey are common as a main course, as is beef brisket.燒雞或土耳其是常見的問題作為一項主要課程，為的是牛肉brisket 。
12. 12 。 Tzafun: The Afikomen tzafun ： afikomen The piece of matzah set aside earlier is eaten as "desert," the last food of the meal.那塊matzah預留較早，是吃了"沙漠"上的食品供應膳食。 Different families have different traditions relating to the afikomen.不同的家庭有不同的傳統，涉及到afikomen 。 Some have the children hide it, while the parents have to either find it or ransom it back.有的孩子把它隱藏，而家長也必須要么找到它或贖金回來。 Others have the parents hide it.有的家長把它隱藏。 The idea is to keep the children awake and attentive throughout the pre-meal proceedings, waiting for this part.我們的構想是讓孩子甦醒，並重視在整個預審程序中吃飯，在等待這一部分。
13. 13 。 Barech: Grace after Meals barech ：寬限期後，三餐 The third cup of wine is poured, and birkat ha-mazon (grace after meals) is recited.第三杯酒澆，和Birkat夏馬宗（寬限期後，餐），是吟誦。 This is similar to the grace that would be said on any Shabbat.這是類似的恩典那將表示，對任何shabbat 。 At the end, a blessing is said over the third cup and it is drunk.在去年底，福是說，超過第三杯，這是喝醉了。 The fourth cup is poured, including a cup set aside for the prophet Elijah, who is supposed to herald the Messiah, and is supposed to come on Pesach to do this.第四杯是傾注了，其中包括一名杯撥作先知以利亞，他們是為了迎接救世主，是來對pesach做到這一點。 The door is opened for a while at this point (supposedly for Elijah, but historically because Jews were accused of nonsense like putting the blood of Christian babies in matzah, and we wanted to show our Christian neighbors that we weren't doing anything unseemly).大門是打開了，而在這一點上（假定為以利亞，但在歷史上，因為猶太人被指控的廢話一樣把鮮血基督教嬰兒matzah的，我們要展示我們的基督教鄰居說，我們根本沒有做什麼得體）。
14. 14 。 Hallel: Praises hallel ：贊 Several psalms are recited.若干詩篇是背誦。 A blessing is recited over the last cup of wine and it is drunk.福是吟誦在過去一杯葡萄酒，這是喝醉了。
15. 15 。 Nirtzah: Closing nirtzah ：閉幕 A simple statement that the seder has been completed, with a wish that next year, we may celebrate Pesach in Jerusalem (ie, that the Messiah will come within the next year).一個簡單的聲明中表示， seder已完成建設，一個希望：希望在未來的一年裡，我們可以慶祝pesach在耶路撒冷（即，即彌賽亞將在未來一年）。 This is followed by various hymns and stories.這是其次的各種聖歌和故事。

The Music of Pesach音樂pesach

Many people think of Pesach as a time of deprivation: a time when we cannot eat bread or other leavened foods.很多人以為的pesach作為一個時間的剝奪：的時候，我們不能吃麵包或其他酵食品。 This is not the traditional way of viewing the holiday.這不是傳統的觀賞節日。 Pesach is Zeman Herutenu, the Time of Our Freedom, and the joy of that time is evident in the music of the season. pesach是澤曼herutenu ，時間，我們的自由和快樂的，時間是明顯地體現在音樂的季節。 There are many joyous songs sung during the seder.有許多喜事，歌曲唱在seder 。 Mah Nishtanah (Why is it Different?)馬來酸酐nishtanah （它為什麼不一樣？）

This is the tune sung during the youngest participant's recitation of the Four Questions.這是調子唱，在年輕的參與者的背誦的四個問題。

Why is this night different from all other nights, from all other nights?這是為什麼晚不同於所有其他夜，從所有其他夜嗎？ Mah nishtanah ha-lahylah ha-zeh mi-kol ha-layloht, mi-kol ha-layloht?馬來酸酐nishtanah夏lahylah夏zeh秘" Kol夏layloht ，密" Kol夏layloht ？

On all other nights, we may eat chametz and matzah, chametz and matzah.對所有其他夜，我們可能會吃chametz和matzah ， chametz和matzah 。 On this night, on this night, only matzah.She-b'khol ha-layloht anu okhlin chameytz u-matzah, chameytz u-matzah.關於這個夜晚，在這個夜晚，只有matzah.she乙' khol夏layloht澳大利亞國立大學okhlin chameytz U型matzah ， chameytz U型matzah 。 Ha-lahylah ha-zeh, ha-lahylah ha-zeh, kooloh matzah.夏lahylah夏zeh ，夏lahylah夏zeh ， kooloh matzah 。 On all other nights, we eat many vegetables, many vegetables.對所有其他晚，所以，我們吃很多的蔬菜，很多蔬菜。 On this night, on this night, maror.She-b'khol ha-layloht anu okhlin sh'ar y'rakot, sh'ar y'rakot.關於這個夜晚，在這個夜晚， maror.she乙' khol夏layloht澳大利亞國立大學okhlin sh'ar y'rakot ， sh'ar y'rakot 。 Ha-lahylah ha-zeh, ha-lahylah ha-zeh, maror.夏lahylah夏zeh ，夏lahylah夏zeh ， maror 。

On all other nights, we do not dip even once.對所有其他夜，我們不浸，甚至一度。 On this night, on this night, twice.She-b'khol ha-layloht ayn anu mat'bilin afilu pa'am echat, afilu pa'am echat.關於這個夜晚，在這個夜晚， twice.she乙' khol夏layloht艾因澳大利亞國立大學mat'bilin afilu pa'am echat ， afilu pa'am echat 。 Ha-lahylah ha-zeh, ha-lahylah ha-zeh, sh'tay p'amim.夏lahylah夏zeh ，夏lahylah夏zeh ， sh'tay p'amim 。

On all other nights, we eat either sitting or reclining, either sitting or reclining.對所有其他晚，所以，我們無論是吃飯還是坐躺椅，無論是坐或躺在。 On this night, on this night, we all recline.She-b'khol ha-layloht anu okhlin bayn yosh'bin u'vayn m'soobin, bayn yosh'bin u'vayn m'soobin.關於這個夜晚，在這個夜晚，我們都recline.she乙' khol夏layloht澳大利亞國立大學okhlin bayn yosh'bin u'vayn m'soobin ， bayn yosh'bin u'vayn m'soobin 。 Ha-lahylah ha-zeh, ha-lahylah ha-zeh, koolanu m'soobin.夏lahylah夏zeh ，夏lahylah夏zeh ， koolanu m'soobin 。

Dahyenu (It Would Have Been Enough For Us) dahyenu （它已足以讓我們）

This is one of the most popular tunes of the seder, a very up-beat song about the many favors that Gd bestowed upon us when He brought us out of Egypt.這是其中一個最熱門的曲調的seder ，這是一個很了拍歌很多人情說，钆賦予我們的時候，他給我們帶來的出埃及。 The song appears in the haggadah after the telling of the story of the exodus, just before the explanation of Pesach, Matzah and Maror.這首歌出現在haggadah後講這個故事的外逃，就在他的解釋pesach ， matzah和maror 。 I provide just two sample verses from a rather long song.謹只是其中兩個樣本小詩從一個比較長的歌曲。 The English does not include all of the repetition that is in the Hebrew.英文並不包括所有的重複，那就是在希伯來語。

Had He brought us out of Egypt and not judged them, it would have been enough for us.Ilu hotzi-hotzianu hotzianu mi-Mitzrayim, v'lo asah bahem s'fateem dahyenu.他為我們帶來了出埃及而不是判斷，如果有足夠的us.ilu hotzi - hotzianu hotzianu米mitzrayim ， v'lo阿沙赫bahem s'fateem dahyenu 。

(Chorus) It would have been enough for us. （副歌），它已足以讓我們的。 Dahy-dahyenu, dahy-dahyenu, dahy-dahyenu, dahyenu, dahyenu, dahyenu.達伊- dahyenu ，達伊- dahyenu ，達伊- dahyenu ， dahyenu ， dahyenu ， dahyenu 。 Dahy-dahyenu, dahy-dahyenu, dahy-dahyenu, dahyenu, dahyenu!達伊- dahyenu ，達伊- dahyenu ，達伊- dahyenu ， dahyenu ， dahyenu ！ Had He judged them and not done so to their idols, it would have been enough for us.Ilu asah bahem s'fateem, v'lo asah beyloheyhem, v'lo asah beyloheyhem dahyenu.他判斷，他們並沒有這樣做，以自己的偶像，如果有足夠的us.ilu阿沙赫bahem s'fateem ， v'lo阿沙赫beyloheyhem ， v'lo阿沙赫beyloheyhem dahyenu 。

Chorus, etc.合唱團等。

Eliyahu Ha-Navi (Elijah, the Prophet) eliyahu夏導航（以利亞，先知）

Many people sing this song when the Cup of Elijah is poured and the door is opened in anticipation of his return.很多人會唱這首歌時，一杯利亞是傾注和大門是開在期待他的回報。

Elijah the Prophet, Elijah the Tishbite, Elijah, Elijah, Elijah the GileaditeEliyahu ha-Navi, Eliyahu ha-Tishbi, Eliyahu, Eliyahu, Eliyahu ha-Giladi.以利亞的先知以利亞的提什比，以利亞，以利亞，以利亞在gileaditeeliyahu夏導航， eliyahu夏tishbi ， eliyahu ， eliyahu ， eliyahu夏giladi 。

Speedily and in our days, come to us, with the messiah, son of David, with the messiah, son of David.Bimhayrah v'yamenu, yavo aleynu, im Moshiach ben David, im Moshiach ben David.迅速和我們幾天來，對我們來說，與彌賽亞的兒子大衛，與彌賽亞的兒子， david.bimhayrah v'yamenu ， yavo aleynu ，即時通訊moshiach賁大衛，即時通訊moshiach賁大衛。 Adir Hu (He is Mighty) adir胡（他是威武）

Adir Hu is a great sing-along song, because it has a lot of repetition. adir胡是一個偉大的星沿松，因為它有很多的重複。 You don't need to know much Hebrew to get by with this one!你不需要了解不多，希伯來語，以得到這一個！ It's also got a catchy tune.這也是一個朗朗上口的調子。 It's sung as the seder comes to a close.它的Sung作為seder告圓滿結束。 It expresses our hope that the messianic age will begin soon, and the Temple will be rebuilt.它表達了我們的希望是救世主時代將很快開始，寺將重建。 Each line of praise begins with a different letter of the Hebrew alphabet, in alphabetical order, a common gimmick in Jewish hymns.每條生產線的讚譽開始與不同的信中的希伯萊字母，按字母順序排列，一個普通的手段，在猶太聖歌。

He is mighty, He is mightyAdir hu, adir hu他是威武，他是mightyadir胡，胡adir

Chorus:合唱：
May He soon rebuild his house可他很快重建他的房子
Speedily, speedily and in our days, soon.快捷，迅速，在我們這個時代，在不久的。
Gd, rebuild!钆，重建！ Gd, rebuild!钆，重建！
Rebuild your house soon!重建你的房子很快！ Chorus:合唱：
Yivneh vayto b'karov yivneh vayto b'karov
Bim'hayrah, bim'hayrah, b'yamenu b'karov bim'hayrah ， bim'hayrah ， b'yamenu b'karov
E-yl b'nay!電子基b'nay ！ E-yl b'nay!電子基b'nay ！
B'nay vayt'kha b'karov b'nay vayt'kha b'karov
He is distinguished, He is great, He is exhalted他是傑出的，他是偉大的，他是開天闢地
(Chorus)Bachur hu, gadol hu, dagul hu, （副歌） bachur胡，紅景天，胡dagul胡錦濤，
(Chorus) （副歌）
He is glorious, He is faithful, He is faultless, He is righteous他是光榮的，他是信實的，他是無可挑剔，他是正義
(Chorus)Hadur hu, vatik hu, zakay hu, chasid hu, （副歌） hadur胡， vatik胡， zakay胡， chasid胡錦濤，
(Chorus) （副歌）
He is pure, He is unique, He is powerful,他是純粹的，他是獨一無二的，他是強大的，
He is wise, He is King, He is awesome,他是明智之舉，但他是國王，他是可怕的，
He is sublime, He is all-powerful, He is the redeemer, He is他的崇高，他是最有力者，他是救世主，他是
all-righteous全正義
(Chorus)Tahor hu, yachid hu, kabir hu, （副歌） tahor胡， yachid胡，卡比爾胡錦濤，
Lamud hu, melekh hu, nora hu,拉穆胡， melekh胡，娜拉胡錦濤，
Sagiv hu, izuz hu, podeh hu, tzadik hu sagiv胡， izuz胡， podeh胡，胡tzadik
(Chorus) （副歌）
He is holy, He is compassionate, He is almighty, He is omnipotent他是聖潔的，他是值得同情的，他是萬能的，他是萬能的
(Chorus)Kadosh hu, rachum hu, shaddai hu, （副歌） kadosh胡， rachum胡， shaddai胡錦濤，
takif hu takif胡
(Chorus) （副歌）

Recipe for Charoset食譜charoset

This fruit, nut and wine mix is eaten during the seder.這個水果，堅果和葡萄酒混合吃在seder 。 It is meant to remind us of the mortar used by the Jews to build during the period of slavery.這樣做是要提醒我們的迫擊砲所使用的猶太人建造期間的奴役。 It should have a coarse texture.它應該有一個粗紋理。 The ingredient quantities listed here are at best a rough estimate; I usually just eye-ball it.成分批量上市這裡正處於最好的一個粗略的估計，我通常只眼球。 The recipe below makes a very large quantity, but we usually wind up making more before the holiday is over.配方下面，使一個很大的數量，但是，我們通常風力起來，使更多的前假期已經結束了。 Other fruits or nuts can be used.其他水果或堅果都可以使用。

4 medium apples, 2 tart and 2 sweet四中型蘋果， 2蛋塔杯模和2個甜
1/2 cup finely chopped almonds 1 / 2杯切碎的杏仁
1/4 cup sweet wine 1 / 4杯甜葡萄酒
1/4 cup dry wine 1 / 4杯幹酒
1 Tbs. 1湯匙。 cinnamon褐土

Shred the apples.一絲一毫的蘋果。 Add all other ingredients.添加所有其他配料。 Allow to sit for 3-6 hours, until the wine is absorbed by the other ingredients.允許報考3-6小時，直到酒，是由其他配料。 Serve on matzah.任職matzah 。 Goes very well with horseradish.雲很好，辣根。

Buying a Haggadah買haggadah

If you want to know more about Pesach, the best place to start is with the haggadah.如果你想知道更多關於pesach ，最好的地方，開始是與haggadah 。 The haggadah was written as a teaching tool, to allow people at all levels to learn the significance of Pesach and its symbols.該haggadah寫作為教學工具，讓各階層人民學習的意義pesach及其符號。 There are a wide variety of Haggadahs available for every political and religious point of view: traditional haggadahs, liberal haggadahs, mystical haggadahs, feminist haggadahs, and others.存在著各種各樣的haggadahs供一切政治和宗教的觀點來看：傳統haggadahs ，自由haggadahs ，神秘haggadahs ，女權haggadahs和等。 I have even seen what might be described as an atheist haggadah: one that does not mention the role of Gd in the Exodus.我什至看到有什麼可說是一個無神論者haggadah ：一個不遑作用钆在外流。

If you're buying a haggadah for study or collection, there are many haggadahs with extensive commentary or with pictures from illuminated medieval haggadahs.如果您購買了haggadah求學或收藏，也有許多haggadahs與廣泛評論或照片，從燈火通明的中世紀haggadahs 。 However, if you're buying haggadahs for actual use at a seder, you're best off with an inexpensive paperback.不過，如果你買的東西haggadahs實際使用於seder ，你最好與廉價的平裝本。 Keep in mind that you'll need one for everybody, you're likely to get food and wine on these things, and you'll be using them year after year.請記住，你需要一個對每個人，你就有可能獲得食物和酒對這些東西，然後你就利用他們年復一年。

I'm particularly partial to the Artscroll/Mesorah series' The Family Haggadah.我尤其局部向artscroll / mesorah系列家庭haggadah 。 It has the full, Orthodox text of the haggadah in English side-by-side with Hebrew and Aramaic, with complete instructions for preparing for and performing the seder.它有充分的，正統的文字部分haggadah在英語並排與希伯來語和阿拉米文，完成指令，為籌備和履行seder 。 The translations are very readable and the book includes marginal notes explaining the significance of each paragraph of the text.翻譯是很可讀和該書還收錄旁注解釋意義的每一段文本。 This book is usually only available at Jewish gift or book stores, and usually sells for about $2.50.這本書是通常僅適用於猶太人的禮物或書屋，而且通常售價為2.50美元。

Another good traditional one is Nathan Goldberg's Passover Haggadah.另一個好傳統，一個是彌敦道戈德堡的逾越節haggadah 。 This is the familiar "yellow and red cover" haggadah that so many of us grew up with.這是熟悉的"黃色和紅色封面的" haggadah說，我們之中有許多人成長起來的。 Believe it or not, it is frequently available in grocery stores in the Passover aisle.相信與否，這是經常可在雜貨店，在逾越節的過道。 It usually sells for less than $5, and is often given away free with certain grocery purchases.它通常售價不到5美元，而且常常放棄自由與某雜貨店購買。

Watch out for Christianized versions of the haggadah. The Christian "last supper" is generally believed to have been a Pesach seder, so many Christians recreate the ritual of the seder, and the haggadahs that they use for this purpose tend to reinterpret the significance of the holiday and its symbols to fit into their Christian theology.看出來christianized版本的haggadah 。 基督教的"最後的晚餐" ，一般認為已pesach seder ，這麼多的基督徒再現祭祀的seder和haggadahs說，他們利用為此傾向於重新詮釋的意義假日及其符號，以符合他們的基督教神學。 For example, they say that the three matzahs represent the Trinity, with the broken one representing Jesus on the cross (in Judaism, the three matzahs represent the three Temples, two of which have been destroyed, and the third of which will be built when the moshiach comes).例如，他們會說，這三個matzahs代表三一，隨著打破一個代表耶穌基督在十字架上（猶太教，三matzahs代表三個廟宇，其中有兩個已被銷毀，以及第三場將於何時建成該moshiach來）。 They speak of the paschal lamb as a prophecy of Jesus, rather than a remembrance of the lamb's blood on the doorposts in Egypt.他們發言的逾越節羔羊作為一個預言的耶穌，而不是一個紀念的羔羊的血就doorposts在埃及。 If you want to learn what Pesach means to Jews, then these "messianic" haggadahs aren't for you.如果您想了解什麼pesach手段猶太人，那麼這些"救世主" haggadahs是不是給你。

Key Terms關鍵術語

Note: Pronunciations are intended to reflect the way these terms are most commonly pronounced by Jews in the United States, and may not be strictly technically correct.注：讀音是為了反映，這些條款是最常見的遽猶太人在美國，並可能不嚴格技術上是正確的。

Term任期	Meaning含義	Pronunciation讀音 Hebrew希伯來語
Pesach pesach	Passover逾越節	PAY-sahkh or PEH-sahkh付費sahkh或peh - sahkh
Matzah matzah	Unleavened bread未經發酵的麵包	MAHTZ-uh mahtz -嗯。
Chametz chametz	Leavened things有酵的東西	KHUH-mitz khuh - mitz
Seder seder	Home ritual performed on the首頁禮儀演出就 first two nights of Pesach首兩晝夜的pesach	SAY-d'r說- d'r
Haggadah haggadah	The book read during the seder這本書閱讀，在seder	huh-GAH-duh呵呵- gah -杜昌

List of Dates名單上的日期

Pesach will occur on the following days of the Gregorian calendar: pesach將出現以下的日子公曆：

Jewish Year 5764: sunset April 5, 2004 - nightfall April 13, 2004猶太人一年5764 ：夕陽2004年4月5日-夜幕降臨， 2 004年4月1 3日
Jewish Year 5765: sunset April 23, 2005 - nightfall May 1, 2005猶太人一年5765 ：夕陽2005年4月23日-夜幕降臨， 2 005年5月1日
Jewish Year 5766: sunset April 12, 2006 - nightfall April 20, 2006猶太人一年5766 ：夕陽2006年4月12日-夜幕降臨， 2 006年4月2 0日
Jewish Year 5767: sunset April 2, 2007 - nightfall April 10, 2007猶太人一年5767 ：夕陽2007年4月2日-夜幕降臨， 2 007年4月1 0日
Jewish Year 5768: sunset April 19, 2008 - nightfall April 27, 2008猶太人一年5768 ：夕陽2008年4月19日-夜幕降臨， 2 008年4月2 7日

Tracey R Rich特雷西r豐富

A Seder Outline 1 seder綱要

General Information 一般資料

The Seder can perhaps best be described as a "talk-feast."該seder或許可以最好地形容為"清談盛宴" 。 Conducted around a table laden with the bounty of the earth, it is people spending a leisurely evening engaged in good talk and good food.圍繞著一張桌子拉丹與富饒的大地，它是人們消費悠閒傍晚從事談得很好，和良好的食物。 For the rabbis who formalized its procedures, Seder was the pre-eminent vehicle of cultural transmission from one generation to the next.對於拉比們誰形式化其工作程序， seder是前著名汽車的文化傳承，從一代傳給下一代。 Long before printed books and formal schools, the yearly Seder night transformed every Jewish home into a classroom, with the Haggadah (from the Hebrew root "to tell") as the text.前不久印刷書籍和正規學校，每年seder夜轉化每一個猶太家庭到一間教室，與haggadah （從希伯來語根"告訴" ）作為文本。

The word "Seder" means order.用" seder "是指秩序。 The tradition understands the Passover table ritual as a fixed progression, 15 steps, a logical unfolding of the single most important Jewish lesson from the retelling of the single most significant Jewish experience.傳統理解逾越節表禮儀作為一個固定的進展， 15個步驟，一個合乎邏輯的展開的最重要的單一猶太人的教訓，從複述的唯一最重要的猶太經驗。 In actuality, the Pesach Seder is one of the most carefully constructed learning experiences ever created.實際上，這一pesach seder是其中最精心的學習經歷前所未有的創造。 In an amazing combination of aural and tactile learning tasks, the Seder has something for everybody--drink, food, symbols, prayers, songs, stories, philosophy, text study, simulations, ritual actions--all designed with one overall goal: to take each person at the Seder back to Egypt, to re-enact the dramatic Exodus story, to make each one of us feel as she or he had actually been redeemed from Mitzrayim (Egypt).在一個了不起的結合聽覺和觸覺學習任務， seder讓人人都能各取所需-飲料，食品，符號，祈禱，歌曲，故事，哲學，文字的研究，模擬，禮儀行動-所有設計的一個總的目標是：相互尊重，相互理解的人在seder回到埃及，以重新制定了戲劇性的逃亡故事，使我們每個人都覺得她或他實際上已被贖回，從mitzrayim （埃及）。 The Pesach Seder is a talk-feast in four acts.該pesach seder是一個清談盛宴，在四年的行為。 Four is an all-important number in understanding the Haggadah.四是所有重要的人數在理解haggadah 。 And so, here is the "script," the Seder outline.所以，在這裡是"腳本" ， seder大綱。

Act I: The Beginning法一：開始

The Prologue序幕

Even before the Seder begins, there are a number of activities which create the setting.即使在seder開始，有一連串的活動，其中創建設置。 A production of this magnitude cannot be staged without adequate preparation.一個生產這種規模的，不能上演，沒有充足的準備。 Formal preparations can include ridding the house of chametz, "kashering" the kitchen for Passover, setting the Passover table, and preparing the meal.正式籌備情況，可以包括擺脫眾議院chametz ， " kashering "廚房為逾越節，設置逾越節表，並準備膳食。

Hadlakat ha-Nerot (Lighting the Festival Candles) hadlakat夏nerot （照明藝術節蠟燭）

Before the seder begins, the Yom Tov (festival) candles are lit, signifying the begining of the holiday.前seder開始，贖罪tov （節）蠟燭點燃，以表揚他們開始度假。

Scene 1: Kadeish (The First Cup of Wine)場景一： kadeish （第一杯酒）

The festival Kiddush is chanted, praising God who sanctifies the people Israel and the Festival seasons, and thanking God for enabling us to reach this time of celebration.藝術節kiddush是呼喊著，讚美上帝sanctifies人民以色列和節日來臨，並感謝上帝使我們能夠達到這個時間，以示慶祝。

Scene 2: Ur'chatz (Wash Hands)場景二： ur'chatz （洗手）

In traditional homes it is the custom to wash hands before eating.在傳統的家園，這是習慣，進食前先洗手。 Here, we wash hands as if preparing to eat, but without reciting a blessing.在這裡，我們要洗手，因為如果準備吃飯，但沒有背誦的祝福。

Scene 3: Karpas (Appetizer)場景3 ：卡帕斯（開胃小菜）

A green vegetable is dipped in salt water, a reminder of the tears of our ancestors in Egypt.綠色蔬菜是浸在食鹽水，提醒了眼淚，我們的祖先在埃及。 It is a kind of historic appetizer.這是一種歷史性的開胃小菜。

Scene 4: Yachatz (Break the middle Matzah)場景4 ： yachatz （打破中東matzah ）

The matzah is introduced silently.該matzah介紹默默耕耘。 We break the middle matzah in order to hide one portion as the afikomen, the "dessert" of our meal, a symbol of the redemption yet to come.我們打破中東matzah為了隱藏其中一部分作為afikomen ， "甜品"我們的飯，象徵著贖回還在後頭。 Curtain: Ha Lachma Anya (Invitation): We uncover the matzot, calling them the "bread of affliction," for as we are about to begin our story, our ancestors are enslaved in Egypt.窗簾：房委會lachma anya （邀請）：我們揭開matzot ，稱他們是"麵包的通病" ，為我們即將開始我們的故事，我們的祖先是奴隸在埃及。 We invite all who are hungry or needy to join in our Pesach service.我們邀請所有的人處於飢餓或有需要人士加入我們的pesach服務。 As Act I closes, we acknowledge our slavery, but hope for our freedom.作為Act I參與關閉，我們承認我們的奴隸制，但希望能為我們的自由。

Act II: Maggid (The Telling)第二幕： maggid （告訴）

Act II is the heart of the seder experience.第二幕是心髒病的seder經驗。 We tell the story of our Exodus from slavery to freedom in four ways, in four different tellings.我們講的故事，我們的流亡從奴隸制到自由的四種方式，在4個不同tellings 。 Each telling begins with a question, to which an answer is given, and for which we praise God, the Hero of our story.每次告訴始於一個問題，其中一個答案是給予，為我們讚美上帝，英雄的故事。

Scene 1: The First Telling場景一：第一講

The first telling begins with the famous Four Questions (really one question with four statements), traditionally asked by the youngest member of the seder party.第一講開始，著名的四個問題：（真是一個問題，同四個報表），傳統上要求，由最年輕的成員之一， seder黨。 The answer, which is to begin with the degradation of our people and end with the story of redemption, tells the story in one brilliant, concise sentence: "We were slaves to Pharaoh in Egypt, but Adonai our God brought us forth with a mighty hand and with an outstretched arm."答案，這是手與退化我國人民和結尾的故事贖買的方式，講述在一個輝煌的，簡潔的一句： "我們是奴隸，以老王在埃及，但adonai我們的上帝給我們帶來拿出了一個威武另一方面，與一個outstretched手臂" 。 But this story deserves more than a one-sentence summary, so, we have three more versions to come.但這個故事更值得比一句總結，因此，我們有三個以上的版本來。 God is deserving of praise which we pronounce four times.上帝是值得讚美我們字正腔圓的4倍。

Scene 2: The Second Telling場景二：第二講

The second telling begins with the question of the Four Children.第二告訴始於問題的四個孩子。 Here, the Haggadah teaches us that to tell the story well, we must tell it differently to different types of learners.在這裡， haggadah教導我們要告訴這個故事好，我們要告訴它區別不同類型的學習者。 Although the questions are different, they all relate to the same central question: "What is this Passover service all about?"雖然問題不同，但它們都涉及同一個問題： "這是什麼逾越節服務所有關於" ？ The answer in this telling goes back even earlier in Jewish history, back to our idol-worshipping roots.答案在這告訴源遠流長，甚至更早時候，在猶太人的歷史，回到我們的偶像，崇拜的根源。 Yet, we recall the promise God made to Abraham to make his descendants a great nation.然而，我們回顧上帝許諾向亞伯拉罕，使他的子孫，一個偉大的民族。 We praise God who kept a promise then and keeps the Covenant with us alive to this day.我們讚美上帝的人保持了諾言，然後，不斷盟約，與我們活著為了這一天。

Scene 3: The Third Telling現場三：第三講

The third telling offers the learner the core story of the Exodus as related in four verses in Deuteronomy.第三告訴優惠學習者為核心的故事外流有關，在4個小詩在申命記。 By exploring the meaning of these words, we embellish the answer, we flesh out the story of our liberation.通過探索的意義，上面這些話，我們美化答案，我們也信心十足的故事，我們的解放。 The climax of this story is the awe-full series of Ten Plagues which God brought upon Egypt, convincing Pharaoh to let the people go.高潮這個故事是令人景仰的全系列10瘟疫而上帝帶給埃及，有說服力的法老王，讓人民去。 We then praise God who, if God had performed only this one act of kindness, Dayeinu--it would have been enough!然後，我們讚美上帝的人，如果神表現，這才是一個法的善良， dayeinu -它已夠了！

Scene 4: The Fourth Telling場景4 ：第四講

The fourth telling returns to concrete symbols with questions about the Pesach (paschal lamb), matzah, and maror, the central symbols on the seder table.第四講效益，以具體符號與詢問有關pesach （逾越節的羔羊）， matzah ， maror ，中央圖案就可以seder就座。 The specific questions are answered, but once again, the key question is "Why do we do this ritual? Why do we tell this story?"現就具體問題回答了，但要再次指出，關鍵的問題是： "為什麼我們這樣做是禮儀？為什麼我們告訴這個故事" ？ The answer is directed to each person, individually: "Because in each generation, every individual should feel as if he or she had actually been redeemed from Egypt."答案是針對每個人單獨說： "由於在每一代人，每個人都應該感到作為，如果他或她實際上已被贖回，從埃及" 。 We are redeemed and therefore, we acclaim God with a new song, Halleluyah, and we praise Adonai, Redeemer of Israel.我們贖回，因此，我們喝彩上帝一個新的歌曲， halleluyah ，我們讚美adonai ，救贖的以色列。

Curtain: Kos Sheini.窗簾：科斯sheini 。 (the second cup of wine) （二杯酒）

Act II comes to a close with the sanctification of the second cup of wine, a reminder of God's promise to deliver us.第二幕即將結束時，與成聖的第二杯酒，提醒人們上帝的承諾救我們。 We have told the Exodus story four times, we have relived the slavery and the liberation from bondage.我們已經向逃亡的故事四倍，我們有relived奴役和解放，從束縛。 We celebrate our redemption with a cup of wine.我們慶祝我們的救贖與一杯酒。

Act III: The Feast第三幕：盛宴

The third act of the talk-feast is the feast itself.第三幕的通話大餐是節日本身。 As with all Jewish holiday meals, there are ritual actions before and after the meal.跟所有的猶太節日膳食，有祭祀活動之前和之後的膳食。 On Passover, some of these rituals are common to any Jewish meal (washing hands, motzi, birkat ha-mazon), while others are specific to the Passover celebration (maror, korech, tzafun).對逾越節，部分這些禮儀是共同任何猶太餐（勤洗手， motzi ，向Birkat夏馬宗），而另一些特定的逾越節慶祝會（ maror ， korech ， tzafun ）。 The importance of these rituals is to underscore the fact that this is no ordinary meal.這些原則的重要性禮儀是為了強調這樣一個事實：這是不是一般的膳食。 In fact, it is no ordinary Festival meal.事實上，它不是一般的節日餐。 It is the Pesach feast which we reenact today as our ancestors did on that fateful night in Egypt.它是pesach盛宴，我們reenact今天，我們的祖先就沒有在那個黑色夜晚，在埃及。 To some observers, this is the climax of the seder itself; we eat the matzah, the maror, and the korech--substitute for the paschal sacrifice, just as the Israelites did on the eve of Passover.一些觀察家認為，這是高潮的seder本身，我們吃matzah ， maror和korech -替代逾越犧牲，正如以色列人也對逾越節前夕。

Scene 1: Prepare to eat場景一：準備吃

We actually began the preparation for the meal at the very beginning of the seder with the kiddush.事實上，我們開始了為準備吃飯，在開始的seder與kiddush 。 Then, we washed without a blessing and ate an appetizer, the karpas. Now, we continue the preliminaries to the feast by performing the four ritual acts:

(rochtza) (Washing) --we wash our hands and recite the blessing for this act which precedes the breaking of bread at every traditional Jewish meal.

Motzi/Matza (Motzi/Blessing of the Matzah)--we praise God, first for the general blessing of bringing forth the bread from the earth, and then for the specific blessing of matzah, the bread of freedom.

Maror--we eat the bitter herbs, symbol of our former slavery.

Koreich--we bind the matzah and maror together, just as Rabbi Hillel did at his seder nearly 2000 years ago as a reminder of the paschal offering on Passover night.

Scene 2: Schulchan Orech (Set the Table)

The festive meal is eaten.

Scene 3: Tzafun (Dessert)

We find or redeem that which is tzafun--hidden, the afikomen. It is our dessert, the last morsel of food eaten at the seder, a symbol of redemption.

Scene 4: Bareich (Blessing after the food)

We praise God for providing us food, the Promised Land, the Feast of Unleavened Bread, Jerusalem, and all the goodness we have in our lives.

Curtain:Kos Shli'shee (The third cup of wine)

The meal concludes with the third cup of wine, another reminder of God's promise of redemption.

Act IV: Redemption

We have told the story of the Exodus. We have eaten the symbolic foods and the festive meal. Now, we celebrate our redemption, with praise for God the Redeemer and prayers for our ultimate redemption in Messianic times. We sing songs of praise, songs of joy, we recognize the harvest season, and we conclude with the final cup of wine and the prayer for our return to Jerusalem.

Scene 1: Eliahu ha-Navi (Elijah the Prophet)

The redemption theme is sounded by the lilting, hopeful strains of "Elliahu ha-Navi," welcoming to the table Elijah the Prophet, harbinger of the Messiah.

Scene 2: Hallel (Songs of Praise)

The recitation of Hallel which began before the meal with Halleluyah, now continues with the remaining psalms of praise for God who redeems the people Israel.

Scene 3:Songs

With the formal requirement of the seder completed, the mood turns more festive with the singing of songs which celebrate our rejoicing.

Curtain: Kos R'vi'i/Nirtzah (The fourth cup of wine/acceptance)

The seder now draws to a conclusion, marked by the fourth cup of wine and a prayer that our seder be accepted and the promise of our redemption be fulfilled. We end with the messianic hope spoken by generations of Jews: "Next year in Jerusalem!"

This seder outline was adapted from The Art of Jewish Living: The Passover Seder by Dr. Ron Wolfson, published by the Federation of Jewish Men's Clubs and the University of Judaism, 1988.

A Christian Version of the Seder

General Information

A Messianic Passover Seder

Introduction導言

The leader should read thru the Leader's Haggadah book in advance, before the eve of the Seder. He should prepare himself spiritually and his home for the Seder. This is to be a time of joy. The Seder may be celebrated by just the immediate family as in Jewish home or as a teaching ministry. Either way, it will glorify the Lord Jesus and draw everyone closer to Him. Don't worry about your Seder being "perfect." This is a celebration not a performance. The leader is the coordinator of the Seder not a performer.

While reading the Haggadah book in advance, select which optional text you want to include. Also select which Bible verses you want read and by whom. Feel free to add your own observations and comments. You may want to add comments and corrections in the margins.

The Seder is divided into three parts, I have noted the approximate time of each portion: the time before the meal (1 hour), the festival meal (1 hour) and the time after the meal (45 min.). So provide 2 to 3 hours for the Seder depending on the amount of optional text and Scripture read and the number of courses of the meal.

Jews for Jesus, holds an annual Seder banquet where you can learn and enjoy. You can write or call them if you are interested in their Seder.

References Material

Celebrate Passover Haggadah, by John Lipis, Jews for Jesus

The Messianic Passover Haggadah: by Barry and Steffi Rubin, The Lederer Foundation

Comments

A comment on removing all leaven. Since the following is said and we are not under the Ceremonial law, (but under grace) we do not have to remove all leaven from our houses.

ANY LEAVEN THAT MAY STILL BE IN THE HOUSE, WHICH I HAVE OR HAVE NOT SEEN, WHICH I HAVE OR HAVE NOT REMOVED, SHALL BE AS IF IT DOES NOT EXIST, AND AS THE DUST OF THE EARTH.

David Sargent

Seder

Jewish Viewpoint Information

Passover at Jerusalem.

The term used by the Ashkenazic Jews to denote the home service on the first night of the Passover, which, by those who keep the second day of the festivals, is repeated on the second night. The Sephardic Jews call this service the "Haggadah" (story); and the little book which is read on the occasion is likewise known to all Jews as the "Haggadah," more fully as "Haggadah shel Pesaḥ" (Story for the Passover). The Sephardic Jews call this service the "Haggadah" (story); and the little book which is read on the occasion is likewise known to all Jews as the "Haggadah," more fully as "Haggadah shel Pesaḥ" (Story for the Passover) 。 The original Passover service, as enjoined in Ex. xii. 1 et seq., contemplates an ordinary meal of the household, in which man and wife, parents and children, participate. The historical books of Scripture do not record how and where the Passover lamb was eaten during the many centuries before the reform of King Josiah, referred to in II Kings xxiii.; it is related only that during all that long period the Passover was not celebrated according to the laws laid down in the Torah. The historical books of Scripture do not record how and where the Passover lamb was eaten during the many centuries before the reform of King Josiah, referred to in II Kings xxiii.; it is related only that during all that long period the Passover was not celebrated according to the laws laid down in the Torah. In the days of the Second Temple, when these laws were observed literally, the supper of the Passover night must have lost much of its character as a family festival; for only the men were bidden to attend at the chosen place; and the Passover lamb might not be killed elsewhere (Deut. xvi. 5-6). In the days of the Second Temple, when these laws were observed literally, the supper of the Passover night must have lost much of its character as a family festival; for only the men were bidden to attend at the chosen place; and the Passover lamb might not be killed elsewhere (Deut. xvi. 5-6). Thus, only those dwelling at Jerusalem could enjoy the nation's birthday as a family festival. There is no information as to how the night was celebrated during Temple times by the Jews outside the Holy Land, who did not "go up to the feast." The destruction of the Temple, while reducing the Passover-night service into little more than a survival or memorial of its old self, again brought husbands, wives, and children together around the same table, and thus enabled the father to comply more closely with the Scriptural command: "Thou shalt tell thy son on that day." The destruction of the Temple, while reducing the Passover-night service into little more than a survival or memorial of its old self, again brought husbands, wives, and children together around the same table, and thus enabled the father to comply more closely with the Scriptural command: "Thou shalt tell thy son on that day."

Before the schools of Hillel and Shammai arose in the days of King Herod, a service of thanks, of which the six "psalms of praise" (Ps. cxiii.-cxviii.) formed the nucleus, had already clustered around the meal of the Passover night; of this meal the roasted lamb, unleavened bread, and bitter herbs were necessary elements (Ex. lc; Num. ix. 11). Before the schools of Hillel and Shammai arose in the days of King Herod, a service of thanks, of which the six "psalms of praise" (Ps. cxiii.-cxviii.) formed the nucleus, had already clustered around the meal of the Passover night; of this meal the roasted lamb, unleavened bread, and bitter herbs were necessary elements (Ex. lc; Num. ix. 11). The service began with the sanctification of the day as at other festivals, hence with a cup of wine (See Ḳiddush); another cup followed the after-supper grace as on other festive occasions. But to mark the evening as the most joyous in the year, two other cups were added: one after the "story" and before the meal, and one at the conclusion of the whole service. The Mishnah says (Pes. x. 1) that even the poorest man in Israel should not drink less than four cups of wine on this occasion, this number being justified by the four words employed in Ex. vi. 6-7 for the delivery of Israel from Egypt.

The Seder Table.

Both in the arrangement of the table and in the psalms, benedictions, and other recited matter the Seder of the present day agrees substantially with the program laid down in the Mishnah. Three thick unleavened cakes, wrapped in napkins, are laid upon the Seder dish; parsley and a bowl of salt water are placed next, to represent the hyssop and blood of the Passover of Egypt; further, watercress or horse-radish-tops, to serve as bitter herbs, and a mixture of nuts and apples, to imitate the clay which the Israelites worked into bricks; also slices of horseradish. Three thick unleavened cakes, wrapped in napkins, are laid upon the Seder dish; parsley and a bowl of salt water are placed next, to represent the hyssop and blood of the Passover of Egypt; further, watercress or horse-radish-tops, to serve as bitter herbs, and a mixture of nuts and apples, to imitate the clay which the Israelites worked into bricks; also slices of horseradish. A roasted bone as a memorial of the paschal lamb, a roasted egg in memory of the free-will offering of the feast, and jugs or bottles of wine, with a glass or silver cup for each member of the family and each guest, likewise are placed on the table. A roasted bone as a memorial of the paschal lamb, a roasted egg in memory of the free-will offering of the feast, and jugs or bottles of wine, with a glass or silver cup for each member of the family and each guest, likewise are placed on the table. It is customary to fill an extra cup for the prophet Elijah. Ḳiddush is recited first, as at other festivals; then the master of the house (as priest of the occasion), having washed his hands, dips the parsley in the water, and, with the short prayer of thanks usual before partaking of a vegetable, hands some of it to those around him. Ḳiddush is recited first, as at other festivals; then the master of the house (as priest of the occasion), having washed his hands, dips the parsley in the water, and, with the short prayer of thanks u