Maundy Thursday or Holy Thursday, is the Thursday before Easter Sunday, observed by Christians in commemoration of Christ's Last Supper (see Eucharist). maundy週四或聖週四，是週四在復活節之前週日，觀察基督教徒紀念耶穌的最後的晚餐（見聖體聖事） 。 The name Maundy is derived from mandatum (Latin, "commandment"), the first word of an anthem sung in the liturgical ceremony on that day.名稱maundy來自由mandira （拉丁語， "戒律" ） ，第一個字一個唱國歌，在禮儀儀式，這一天。 In Roman Catholic and many Protestant churches, the Eucharist is celebrated in an evening liturgy that includes Holy Communion.在羅馬天主教和許多新教教堂，聖體聖事是在慶祝一個晚上禮儀中，其中包括聖餐。 During the Roman Catholic liturgy, the ceremony of the washing of the feet, or pedilavium, is performed: the celebrant washes the feet of 12 people to commemorate Christ's washing of his disciples' feet.在羅馬天主教禮拜儀式，儀式的清洗雙腳，或pedilavium ，演出：洗監禮人的腳有12人，以紀念耶穌的洗他的門徒的腳。 In England a custom survives of giving alms ("maundy pennies") to the poor; this recalls an earlier practice in which the sovereign washed the feet of the poor on Maundy Thursday.在英國一個定制生存給予施捨（ " maundy便士" ） ，向窮人，這是一個回憶以前的做法，其中主權洗腳的窮人，就maundy週四。 In most European countries, the day is known as Holy Thursday.在大多數歐洲國家一樣，這一天被稱為聖週四。
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Maundy Thursday is the Thursday of Holy Week, said to be named from the command (Lat. mandatum) Christ gave his followers at the Last Supper that they love one another (John 13:34). maundy週四是週四的聖週說，也被稱作從指揮（ lat.由mandira ）基督給他的信徒們在最後的晚餐，他們彼此相愛（約翰13時34分） 。 Possibly the name derives from the Latin mundo, "to wash," referring to Christ's washing the feet of the apostles, an event still commemorated by Christians, including the Church of the Brethren and Roman Catholics.可能是名字來自拉丁語世界報" ，以洗" ，指基督的洗腳的使徒，事件仍在紀念基督信徒，其中包括教會的弟兄和羅馬天主教徒。 As the eve of the institution of the Lord's Supper, Maundy Thursday has been kept by Christians from earliest times.作為前夕該機構的主的晚餐， maundy週四已保存的基督徒，從最早的時候。 By the fourth century it was a feast of the Jerusalem church, and in the sixth century in Gaul it was observed as Natalis Calicis ("Birthday of the Chalice").由第四世紀，它是一個盛宴的耶路撒冷教會，並在第六世紀高盧據觀察所得，作為陳百祥calicis （ "生日的chalice " ） 。 In medevial England it was known as Chare Thursday (from the scrubbing of the altar) and in Germany as Green Thursday (Grundonnerstag, either from the green vestments then worn or from grunen, "to mourn").在medevial英格蘭，它被稱為chare週四（從洗滌的祭壇上） ，並在德國的綠色週四（ grundonnerstag ，無論是從綠色中總那麼破舊或從grunen " ，以悼念" ） 。 The day is associated with Tenebrae, a ceremony of the extinguishing of candles in preparation for Good Friday.當天，是與tenebrae ，頒獎典禮的熄滅的蠟燭，準備好週五。 Observed in the Roman Catholic Church, Maundy Thursday appears on the Lutheran, Anglican, and many Reformed liturgical calendars and is almost universally celebrated with the Lord's Supper.在羅馬天主教會， maundy週四出現在路德會，聖公會，而很多改革，禮儀日曆和幾乎普遍慶祝主的晚餐。
CG
Fry南聯盟的CG
(Elwell Evangelical Dictionary)
（ Elwell宣布了福音字典）
Bibliography
參考書目
JG Davies, A
Select Liturgical Lexicon; ET Horn, III, The Christian Year; TJ Kleinhans, The
Year of the Lord. jg戴維斯，一個專責禮儀詞庫;等喇叭，三，基督教一年; TJ音樂克蘭漢斯，今年的主。
The feast of Maundy (or Holy) Thursday solemnly commemorates the institution of the Eucharist and is the oldest of the observances peculiar to Holy Week.節日maundy （或聖）週四隆重紀念該機構的聖體聖事，是最古老的紀念活動特有的聖週。 In Rome various accessory ceremonies were early added to this commemoration, namely the consecration of the holy oils and the reconciliation of penitents, ceremonies obviously practical in character and readily explained by the proximity of the Christian Easter and the necessity of preparing for it.在羅馬的各種配件儀式，為早日加入這一紀念活動，即consecration的聖地油類及和解的penitents ，儀式很明顯的實際性質和容易得到解釋，由鄰近的基督教復活節，並有必要的準備。 Holy Thursday could not but be a day of liturgical reunion since, in the cycle of movable feasts, it brings around the anniversary of the institution of the Liturgy.聖週四，怎能不那麼一天的禮儀團聚，因為在週期的動產宴，它帶給周圍週年，該機構的禮拜儀式。 On that day, whilst the preparation of candidates was being completed, the Church celebrated the Missa chrismalis of which we have already described the rite (see HOLY OILS) and, moreover, proceeded to the reconciliation of penitents.這一天，而編寫的候選人即將完成時，教會慶祝彌撒曲" chrismalis其中，我們已經描述了成年禮（見聖油） ，而且，接著和解penitents 。 In Rome everything was carried on in daylight, whereas in Africa on Holy Thursday the Eucharist was celebrated after the evening meal, in view of more exact conformity with the circumstances of the Last Supper.在羅馬的一切都進行了關於在白天，而在非洲，對聖週四聖體聖事的慶祝活動後，晚三餐，鑑於更準確的符合實際情況，就最後的晚餐。 Canon 24 of the Council of Carthage dispenses the faithful from fast before communion on Holy Thursday, because, on that day, it was customary take a bath, and the bath and fast were considered incompatible.佳能公司24日向安理會的迦太基分配信徒從快前共融聖週四，因為在那一天，這是習慣採取洗澡，洗澡的快餐被認為是不相容的。 St. Augustine, too, speaks of this custom (Ep. cxviii ad Januarium, n. 7); he even says that as certain persons did not fast on that day, the oblation was made twice, morning and evening, and in this way those who did not observe the fast could partake of the Eucharist after the morning meal, whilst those who fasted awaited the evening repast.聖奧古斯丁，也談到了這種習俗（ ep. cxviii專案januarium ， 12月7日） ，他甚至說，由於某些人沒有快就在那一天， oblation了兩次，早晨和傍晚，並以這種方式那些不遵守快，可以參與的聖體後，今天上午吃飯，而那些期待已久的禁食，晚上repast 。 Holy Thursday was taken up with a succession of ceremonies of a joyful character.聖週四被帶到了一個繼承儀式歡樂的性格。 the baptism of neophytes, the reconciliation of penitents, the consecration of the holy oils, the washing of the feet, and commemoration of the Blessed Eucharist, and because of all these ceremonies, the day received different names, all of which allude to one or another of solemnities.洗禮neophytes ，和解的penitents ， consecration的聖油，清洗雙腳，和紀念的有福了聖體聖事，因為所有這些儀式，這一天收到了不同的名稱，所有這些都暗示一個或另一個solemnities 。 Redditio symboli was so called because, before being admitted to baptism, the catechumens had to recite the creed from memory, either in the presence of the bishop or his representative. redditio symboli如此命名是因為，才能獲准以洗禮，慕道者不得不朗誦信條，從記憶體，無論是在場的主教或其代表。
Pedilavium (washing of the feet), traces of which are found in the most ancient rites, occurred in many churches on Holy Thursday, the capitilavium (washing of the head) having taken place on Palm Sunday (St. Augustine, "Ep. cxviii, cxix", e. 18). pedilavium （洗的腳）的痕跡，這是發現最古老的禮俗，發生在許多教堂聖週四， capitilavium （清洗頭）發生了對棕櫚油週日（聖奧古斯丁"的EP 。 cxviii ， cxix " ，五18 ） 。
Exomologesis, and reconciliation of penitents: letter of Pope Innocent I to Decentius of Gubbio, testifies that in Rome it was customary "quinta feria Pascha" to absolve penitents from their mortal and venial sins, except in cases of serious illness which kept them away from church (Labbe, "Concilia" II, col. 1247; St. Ambrose, "Ep. xxxiii ad Marcellinam"). exomologesis ，與和解的penitents ：信教宗無辜一至decentius的古比奧，證明在羅馬，這是習慣的"金塔feria逾越節" ，以免除penitents從凡人venial罪孽，除非發生嚴重的疾病，其中保存他們遠離教堂（拉比， " concilia "二，中校1247名;聖劉漢銓， "的EP 。三十三專案marcellinam " ） 。 The penitents heard the Missa pro reconciliatione paenitentium, and absolution was given them before the offertory.該penitents聽到彌撒曲"親reconciliatione paenitentium ，並赦免是給了他們面前offertory 。 The "Sacramentary" of Pope Gelasius contains an Ordo agentibus publicam poenitentiam (Muratori, "Liturgia romana vetus", I, 548-551). " sacramentary "教皇gelasius包含一個集體訴訟agentibus publicam poenitentiam （ muratori ， " liturgia羅馬老" ，我想， 548-551 ） 。 Olei exorcizati confectio. olei exorcizati confectio 。 In the fifth century the custom was established of consecrating on Holy Thursday all the chrism necessary for the anointing of the newly baptized.在五世紀的風俗是既定的consecrating聖週四所有chrism必要為anointing的新的洗禮。 The "Comes Hieronymi", the Gregorian and Gelasian sacramentaries and the "Missa ambrosiana" of Pamelius, all agree upon the confection of the chrism on that day, as does also the "Ordo romanus I". "說到hieronymi " ，陽曆和gelasian sacramentaries和"彌撒曲" ambrosiana " pamelius ，大家都同意後，蜜餞的chrism這一天，作為是否又是"集體訴訟romanus我" 。
Anniversarium Eucharistiae. anniversarium eucharistiae 。 The nocturnal celebration and the double oblation early became the object of increasing disfavour, until in 692 the Council of Trullo promulgated a formal prohibition.夜間慶祝活動，並雙倍oblation早日成為反對增加disfavour ，直到在692理事會trullo頒布了正式的禁令。 The Eucharistic celebration then took place in the morning, and the bishop reserved a part of the sacred species for the communion of the morrow, Missa praesanctificatorum (Muratori, "Liturg. rom. Vetus", II, 993).聖體聖事的慶祝活動則發生在今天上午，與主教預留部分的神聖物種，為共融的明天，彌撒曲" praesanctificatorum （ muratori ， " liturg 。光碟。老" ，第二章， 993 ） 。
Other observances.其他紀念活動。 On Holy Thursday the ringing of bells ceases, the altar is stripped after vespers, and the night office is celebrated under the name of Tenebræ.聖週四響噹噹的鐘聲不再，祭壇是剝離後，晚禱，及夜辦公室是慶祝的名義下， tenebræ 。
Publication information Written by H. Leclercq.出版信息寫每小時勒克萊爾。 Transcribed by Joseph P. Thomas.轉錄由約瑟夫體育托馬斯。 The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume X. Published 1911.天主教百科全書，體積十， 1911年出版。 New York: Robert Appleton Company.紐約：羅伯特Appleton還公司。 Nihil Obstat, October 1, 1911. nihil obstat ， 1911年10月1日。 Remy Lafort, STD, Censor.人頭馬lafort ，性病，檢查員。 Imprimatur. imprimatur 。 +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York +約翰farley樞機主教，大主教紐約
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