According to Genesis 16, Ishmael was the son of the patriarch Abraham by the Egyptian handmaiden Hagar.根據成因16日，伊斯梅爾被兒子牧亞伯拉罕由埃及handmaiden hagar 。 When Abraham's supposedly barren wife Sarah finally bore Isaac, a rivalry developed between Sarah and Hagar and thus between the two half brothers, Isaac and Ishmael.當亞伯拉罕的假定貧瘠的妻子莎拉終於膛艾薩克，競爭對手之間發展Sarah和hagar ，因此兩國之間的同父異母的兄弟，艾薩克和伊斯梅爾。
Cast out into the wilderness, Ishmael was the ancestor of the nomadic Arabian Ishmaelites, arranged, like the Israelites, into twelve tribes. Because Islam traces its lineage from Abraham through Ishmael and Judaism and Christianity trace their lineages through Isaac, Muslims, Jews, and Christians are all spiritual "children of Abraham."投出到曠野，伊斯梅爾是祖先的游牧阿拉伯ishmaelites ，安排，像以色列人，到12個部落， 因為伊斯蘭教的痕跡，它的譜系，從亞伯拉罕通過伊斯梅爾和猶太教和基督教追查他們的譜系通過艾薩克，穆斯林，猶太人和基督教徒在內的所有精神的孩子" ，亞伯拉罕" 。
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Ishmael (Hebrew, "may God hear"), in the Old Testament, the elder son of the Hebrew patriarch Abraham, and in Islamic tradition, an ancestor of the Arab peoples.伊斯梅爾（希伯來文， "願上帝聽到" ） ，在舊約中，大兒子的希伯來文牧亞伯拉罕，並在伊斯蘭傳統，一個祖先的阿拉伯各國人民。 His story (see Genesis 16, 21, 25) is interwoven with that of Isaac.他的故事（見成因16 ， 21 ， 25 ） ，是相互交織與以撒。 Ishmael's mother was Hagar, Egyptian handmaid to Abraham's wife, Sarah, who was barren.伊斯梅爾的母親被hagar ，埃及handmaid到亞伯拉罕的妻子莎拉，他們被荒蕪。 In answer to her prayers, Sarah conceived and was delivered of a son, Isaac.在回答她的祈禱，莎拉在構思和發表的一個兒子，艾薩克。 Having thus satisfied Abraham, Sarah demanded that Hagar and Ishmael be driven away.經從而滿足亞伯拉罕，莎拉要求hagar和伊斯梅爾被趕走了。 Hagar and her son fled to the south. hagar和她的兒子逃到南方。 Ishmael settled in the wilderness, married an Egyptian woman, and became the progenitor of 12 tribes of desert nomads.伊斯梅爾解決，在荒無人煙的戈壁灘上，結婚的埃及婦女，並成為progenitor的12個部落的沙漠游牧民族。 The region occupied by these Ishmaelites included most of central and northern Arabia. Muslims regard themselves as the descendents of Ishmael and view Hagar as the true wife of Abraham, and Ishmael (or Ismail) his favored son. In this version, Ismail, not Isaac, was offered for sacrifice by Abraham.該地區的佔領這些ishmaelites包括大部分的中部和北部阿拉伯穆斯林把自己的後裔，伊斯梅爾和看法hagar為真正的妻子亞伯拉罕和伊斯梅爾（伊斯梅爾）表示，他的驕子， 在這個版本，司馬義，而不是艾薩克，推出的犧牲，獻出了亞伯拉罕。
(Septuagint 'Ismaél; Vulgate Ismahel, in 1 Chronicles 1:28, 20, 31). （ septuagint ' ismaél ; vulgate ismahel ，在歷代志上1點28 ， 20 ， 31 ） 。
The son of Abraham and Agar, the Egyptian.兒子亞伯拉罕和瓊脂，埃及。 His history is contained in parts of Gen., xvi-xxv, wherein three strata of Hebrew tradition (J, E, P) are usually distinguished by contemporary scholars.他的歷史是包含在零件的將軍， 16 - 25 ，其中3個階層的希伯來傳統（十，電子商務， p ）的通常是傑出的當代學者。 The name "Ismael", which occurs also in early Babylonian and in Minæan, was given to the child before its birth (Genesis 16:11), and means: "may God hear".取名"伊斯梅爾" ，其中也出現在早期巴比倫，並在minæan ，給孩子之前，它的誕生（創16:11 ） ，並指： "願上帝聽到" 。 As Sarai, Abram's wife, was barren, she gave him, in accordance with the custom of the time, her handmaid, Agar, as concubine, in order to obtain children through her.作為： Sarai ，亞伯蘭的妻子，光禿禿的，她給了他，按照習俗的時候，她handmaid ，瓊脂，作為妾，以圖獲得兒童通過她。 Agar's conception of a child soon led to her flight into the wilderness, where the angel of Yahweh appeared to her, bade her to return to her mistress, and fixed the name and character of her future son.瓊脂的概念，孩子很快導致了她的飛行到曠野，那裡的天使雅威在她看來，招請她回到她的情婦，和固定的名稱和性質，她未來的兒子。 After her return to Bersabee, she brought forth Ismael to Abram, who was then eighty-six years old (xvi).之後，她回到bersabee ，她帶來了伊斯梅爾，以亞伯蘭，他那時是86年歲（十六） 。 Ismael was very dear to the aged patriarch, as is shown by his entreaty of God in Ismael's behalf, when the Almighty promised him a son through Sara.伊斯梅爾是非常親愛的，以老年人元老，為的是顯示其entreaty上帝在伊斯梅爾的代表，當萬能答應他的兒子通過薩拉。 In answer to this earnest entreaty, God disclosed to Abraham the glorious future which awaited Ismael: "As for Ismael, I have also heard thee. Behold, I will bless him, and increase, and multiply him exceedingly: he shall beget twelve chiefs, and I will make him a great nation."在回答語重心長地entreaty ，上帝透露給亞伯拉罕的光輝未來而期待已久的伊斯梅爾說： "至於伊斯梅爾，我也聽到了你。看哪，我會祝福他，並會增加，再乘以他的通天：他會帶來12個酋長，我和他將成為一個偉大的國家" 。 Ismael was not the destined heir of the covenant; yet, as he belonged to Abraham's family, he was submitted to the rite of circumcision when the patriarch circumcised all the male members of his household.伊斯梅爾是不是注定繼承人的盟約;不過，由於他屬於亞伯拉罕的家族，他被提交給成年禮的包皮環切術時，老人家過包皮的所有男性成員，他的家庭。 He was then a lad of thirteen (xvii).他當時是一個少年的13名（十七） 。 Abraham's tender love towards Ismael manifested itself on another occasion.亞伯拉罕的投標愛情對伊斯梅爾體現在另外一個場合。 He resented Sara's complaint to him, when, on the great festival given at the weaning of Isaac, she requested Agar's and Ismael's summary dismissal because she "had seen the son of Agar the Egyptian playing with [or mocking] Isaac her son".他憎恨薩拉的投訴，他的時候，就大節，由於在斷奶的艾薩克，她要求瓊脂的和伊斯梅爾的立即撤職，因為她"看到了兒子的瓊脂埃及玩[或譏笑]艾薩克她的兒子" 。 Ismael was Abraham's own "son", and indeed his first- born.伊斯梅爾是亞伯拉罕自己的"兒子" ，而事實上他的第一個出生的。 At this juncture, God directed Abraham to accede to Sara's request, comforting him with the repeated assurance of future national greatness for Ismael.在此關頭，上帝指示亞伯拉罕加入薩拉的要求，安慰他，一再保證今後的國家，為偉大的伊斯梅爾。 Whereupon the patriarch dismissed Agar and Ismael with a modicum of provision for their journey.車內牧駁回瓊脂和伊斯梅爾與一點點的規定，他們的旅程。 As their scanty provision of water was soon exhausted, Ismael would have certainly perished in the wilderness, had not God shown to Agar a well of water which enabled her to revive the dying lad.作為僅存提供水很快就被用盡，伊斯梅爾將有一定滅亡了，在荒無人煙的戈壁灘上，沒有上帝證明瓊脂良好的水，使她復活亡者帶來麻煩。
According to God's repeated promise of future greatness for Agar's son, Ismael grew up, lived in the wilderness of Paran, became famous as an archer, and married an Egyptian wife (xxi, 8-21).根據上帝的一再承諾未來的偉大，為瓊脂的兒子伊斯瑪長大，住在荒無人煙的戈壁灘上的paran ，成為國際知名，作為一個弓箭手，和已婚的埃及妻子（ 21 ， 8月21日） 。 He became the father of twelve chiefs, whose names and general quarters are given in Gen., xxv, 12-16.他成了父親的12個酋長，他們的名字和一般宿舍給出了將軍，二十五， 12-16 。 Only one daughter of Ismael is mentioned in Holy Writ, where she is spoken of as one of Esau's wives (cf. Genesis 28:9; 36:3).只有一個女兒的伊斯梅爾提到聖令狀，在那裡她講的，作為一個以掃的妻子（參見成因28:9 ; 36:3 ） 。 The last incident known of Ismael's career is connected with Abraham's burial, in which he appears associated with Isaac (xxv, 9).上次事件發生已知的伊斯梅爾的職業生涯是與亞伯拉罕的墓地，在他看來，與艾薩克（ 25 9 ） 。 Ismael died at the age of one hundred and thirty-seven, "and was gathered unto his people" (xxv, 17).伊斯梅爾去世，當時年僅137 " ，是聚集於祂的人" （ 25 ， 17 ） 。
In his Epistle to the Galatians (4:21, sqq.) St. Paul expands allegorically the narrative of Ismael and Isaac, urging upon his readers the duty of not giving up their Christian freedom from the bondage of the Law.在他的書信向加拉太（ 4時21分， sqq ） 。聖保祿擴大allegorically敘事的伊斯梅爾和Isaac ，敦促他的讀者的責任並不是要放棄他們的基督教自由的枷鎖法律。 Of course, in so arguing, the Apostle of the Gentiles did not intend to detract in any way from the historical character of the narrative in Genesis.當然，在這樣爭論，使徒的外邦人不打算減損任何方式，從歷史人物的敘述，在成因。 With regard to the various difficulties, literary and historical, suggested by a close study of the Biblical account of Ismael's life, suffice it to say that each and all will never cause a careful and unbiased scholar to regard that account otherwise than as portraying an ancient historical character, will never induce him to treat otherwise than as hypercritical every attempt, by whomsoever made, to resolve Ismael into a conjectural personality of the founder of a group of Arabic tribes.對於種種困難，文學和歷史的，建議由細究聖經帳戶的伊斯梅爾的生活，可以說每一個都絕不會導致小心，不存偏見的學者把該帳戶，否則超過描繪成一個古老歷史性格，絕不會誘使他治療，否則比為hypercritical每一個嘗試，由何人所作，以解決伊斯梅爾成為臆測人格的創始人，一組阿拉伯語部落。 And this view of the matter will appear most certain to any one who compares the Biblical narrative with the legends concerning Ismael which are embodied in the Talmud, the Targum, and the other rabbinical works; while the latter are plainly the result of puerile imagination, the former is decidedly the description of an ancient historical figure.和這樣看問題，將出現最某些向任何一個人相比，聖經中的敘事與傳說伊斯梅爾是體現在猶太法典， targum ，和其他猶太教工程;而後者則是赤裸裸的結果，幼稚的幻想，前者是堅決的描述一個古老的歷史人物。
Written by Francis E. Gigot.寫弗朗西斯體育gigot 。 Transcribed by WGKofron.轉錄由wgkofron 。 With thanks to St. Mary's Church, Akron, Ohio The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume VIII.與感謝聖瑪麗教堂，美國俄亥俄州阿克倫城天主教百科全書，音量八。 Published 1910. 1910年出版。 New York: Robert Appleton Company.紐約：羅伯特Appleton還公司。 Nihil Obstat, October 1, 1910. nihil obstat ， 1910年10月1日。 Remy Lafort, STD, Censor.人頭馬lafort ，性病，檢查員。 Imprimatur. imprimatur 。 +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York +約翰farley樞機主教，大主教紐約
Bibliography
參考書目
See bibliography
to ISAAC, to which may be added, DRIVER in HASTINGS,
Dict.見書目艾薩克，並可補充說，司機在黑斯廷斯，字典。 of the Bible, sv Ishmael; SELIGSOHN in
The Jewish Encyclopedia, sv Ishmael.對聖經sv伊斯梅爾; seligsohn在猶太百科全書，
sv伊斯梅爾。
-Biblical Data: -聖經的數據：
Eldest son of Abraham by his concubine Hagar; born when Abraham was eighty-six years of age (Gen. xvi. 15, 16).長子亞伯拉罕他的妾hagar ;出生時，亞伯拉罕是86年的年齡（創十六15 ， 16 ） 。 God promised Abraham that His blessing should be upon Ishmael, who, He foretold, would beget twelve princes and would become a great nation (Gen. xvii. 18, 20).上帝許諾亞伯拉罕說，他的祝福，應經伊斯梅爾，衛生組織，他預言，將帶來12個王子，並會成為一個偉大的民族， （創十七， 18日， 20日） 。 Ishmael was circumcised at the age of thirteen (Gen. xvii. 23-26).伊斯梅爾是包皮的，在十三歲（創十七23-26 ） 。 When Sarah saw Ishmael mocking her son Isaac, his brother, younger by fourteen years, she insisted that Abraham cast out Ishmael and his slave-mother.當莎拉看到伊斯梅爾譏笑她的兒子艾薩克，他的弟弟，年輕了十四年，她堅持說，亞伯拉罕投出伊斯梅爾和他的奴隸母親。 Abraham reluctantly yielded, having provided them with bread and a bottle of water.亞伯拉罕勉強屈服，為他們提供麵包和一瓶水。 Ishmael was about to die of thirst when an angel showed his mother a well, repeating to her at the same time that Ishmael would become a great nation.伊斯梅爾即將死於乾渴的時候，一個天使表明他的母親井，重複她在同一時間，即伊斯梅爾會成為一個偉大的民族。 Ishmael dwelt in the wilderness, apparently, of Beer-sheba, where he became a skilful archer; later he settled in the wilderness of Paran, where his mother took him a wife from Egypt (Gen. xxi. 8-21).伊斯梅爾白景富在荒無人煙的戈壁灘上，很顯然，啤酒謝巴，在那裡他成為一個熟練的弓箭手，後來他定居在荒無人煙的戈壁灘上的paran ，在那裡他的媽媽帶他的妻子分別來自埃及（創二十一， 8月21日） 。 Both Ishmael and Isaac were present at the burial of their father, Abraham.雙方伊斯梅爾和Isaac負責人出席了埋葬自己的父親，亞伯拉罕。 Ishmael died at the age of 137.伊斯梅爾去世，當時年僅137個。 He had twelve sons, ancestors of twelve tribes that dwelt "from Havilah unto Shur, that is before Egypt, as thou goest to Assyria" (Gen. xxv. 9-18).他曾12個兒子，祖先的12個部落白景富" ，從哈腓拉祂shur ，這是前埃及，因為你goest以assyria " （創二十五9-18 ） 。
-In Rabbinical Literature: -在猶太教文獻：
The name of Ishmael is an allusion to God's promise to hear () the complaints of Israel whenever it suffered at the hands of Ishmael (Gen. R. xlv. 11).名字的伊斯梅爾是暗指上帝的承諾聽到（ ）的投訴以色列的時候，在遭受手中的伊斯梅爾（創傳譯四十五11段） 。 Abraham endeavored to bring up Ishmael in righteousness; to train him in the laws of hospitality Abraham gave him the calf to prepare (Gen. R. xlviii. 14; comp. Gen. xviii. 7).亞伯拉罕努力造就一支伊斯梅爾在正義;培養他的法律招待費亞伯拉罕給了他的小腿準備（創傳譯48 。 14 ;可比。將軍十八7 ） 。 But according to divine prediction Ishmael remained a savage.但據神預報伊斯梅爾仍然是一個野蠻的。 The ambiguous expression in Gen. xxi.暖昧的表達將軍二十一。 9 (see Hagar) is interpreted by some rabbis as meaning that Ishmael had been idolatrous; by others, that he had turned his bow against Isaac. 9 （見hagar ）解讀一些拉比意味著伊斯梅爾已idolatrous ;別人，那他就滿弓，他對艾薩克。 According to the interpretation of Simeon b.據解釋西麥乙 Yoḥai, Ishmael mocked those who maintained that Isaac would be Abraham's chief heir, and said that as he (Ishmael) was the first-born son he would receive two-thirds of the inheritance (Tosef., Sotah, v. 12, vi. 6; Pirḳe R. El. xxx.; Gen. R. liii. 15). yoḥai ，伊斯梅爾嘲笑那些堅持認為，艾薩克將亞伯拉罕的首席接班人，並表示，由於他（伊斯梅爾） ，是第一個出生的兒子，他會得到兩個三分之二的財產繼承（ tosef. ， sotah ，五12 ，六。 6 ; pirḳe傳譯下午XXX計劃;將軍傳譯liii 15 ） 。 Upon seeing the danger to Isaac, Sarah, who had till then been attached to Ishmael (Josephus, "Ant." i. 12, § 3), insisted that Abraham cast out Ishmael.看到危險艾薩克，莎拉曾到那麼受到重視，伊斯梅爾（約瑟夫， "螞蟻" ，一12 ， § 3 ） ，堅持認為亞伯拉罕投出伊斯梅爾。 Abraham was obliged to put him on Hagar's shoulders, because he fell sick under the spell of the evil eye cast upon him by Sarah (Gen. R. liii. 17).亞伯拉罕不得不把他hagar的肩上，因為他病倒的蠱惑下邪惡的眼睛投下後，他的莎拉（創傳譯liii 17段） 。
Ishmael, left under a shrub by his despairing mother, prayed to God to take his soul and not permit him to suffer the torments of a slow death (comp. Targ. pseudo-Jonathan to Gen. xxi. 15).伊斯梅爾，左下灌木他絕望的母親，祈求天主，以他的靈魂，並不允許他受苦的磨折一個緩慢死亡（ comp. targ 。偽喬納森以將軍21 15 ） 。 God then commanded the angel to show Hagar the well which was created on Friday in the week of Creation, in the twilight (comp. Ab. v. 6), and which afterward accompanied the Israelites in the wilderness (Pirḳe R. El. xxx.).上帝，然後指揮天使顯示hagar井，其中成立於週五在本週的創作，在晚年（ comp.抗體。五，六日） ，而隨後伴隨著以色列人在曠野（ pirḳe傳譯下午XXX計劃） 。 But this was protested against by the angels, who said: "Why should Ishmael have water, since his descendants will destroy the Israelites by thirst?"不過，這是抗議，由天使，他說： "為什麼要伊斯梅爾有水，因為他的子孫將摧毀以色列民由之渴" ？ (comp. Yer. Ta'an. iv. 8; Lam. R. ii. 2). （ comp.層。 ta'an四。 8 ;林。傳譯二， 2 ） 。 God replied: "But now he is innocent, and I judge him according to what he is now" (Pirḳe R. El. lc; Gen. R. lc; et al.).上帝回答說： "不會，但現在他是無辜的，而我的判斷就是他是根據什麼，他現在是" （ pirḳe傳譯下午。信用證;將軍傳譯立法會;等） 。 Ishmael married a Moabitess named 'Adishah or 'Aishah (variants "'Ashiyah" and "'Aifah," Arabic names; Targ. pseudo-Jonathan to Gen. xxi. 21; Pirḳe R. El. lc); or, according to "Sefer ha-Yashar" (Wayera), an Egyptian named Meribah or Merisah.伊斯梅爾娶了moabitess命名為' adishah或' aishah （變種" ' ashiyah "和" aifah " ，阿拉伯語地名; targ 。偽喬納森以將軍二十一， 21個; pirḳe傳譯下午。立法會） ，或按" sefer夏亞沙爾" （ wayera ） ，埃及命名梅里巴或merisah 。 He had four sons and one daughter.他有四個兒子和一個女兒。 Ishmael meanwhile grew so skilful in archery that he became the master of all the bowmen (Targ. pseudo-Jonathan to Gen. xxi. 20; Gen.R. liii. 20).伊斯梅爾同時增長如此嫻熟，在射箭，他成了師父的所有bowmen （ targ.偽喬納森以將軍二十一，第20條; gen.r. liii 20條） 。 Afterward Abraham went to see Ishmael, and, according to his promise to Sarah, stopped at his son's tent without alighting from his camel.隨後亞伯拉罕去看望伊斯梅爾，並根據他的承諾，莎拉，停在他的兒子的帳篷裡，沒有下車他的駱駝。 Ishmael was not within; his wife refused Abraham food, and beat her children and cursed her husband within Abraham's hearing.伊斯梅爾是不是他的妻子拒絕亞伯拉罕食品，並毆打她的孩子和詛咒，她的丈夫與亞伯拉罕的聽證會。 Abraham thereupon asked her to tell Ishmael when he returned that an old man had asked that he change the peg of the tent.亞伯拉罕於是就問她要告訴伊斯梅爾當他回到這老頭子曾要求他改變聯繫匯率制度的帳篷裡。 Ishmael understood that it was his father, took the hint, and drove away his wife.伊斯梅爾理解的，這是他的父親代為暗示，並趕走了他的妻子。 He then married another woman, named Faṭimah (Peḳimah; Targ. pseudo-Jonathan lc), who, when three years later Abraham came again to see his son, received him kindly; therefore Abraham asked her to tell Ishmael that the peg was good.然後，他已婚，另一名女子，名叫faṭimah （ peḳimah ; targ 。偽喬納森立法會） ，世界衛生組織，當3年後，石禮謙又來了，看看他的兒子，他所收到的善意，因此亞伯拉罕問她要告訴伊斯梅爾表示，聯繫匯率制度是好的。
Ishmael then went to Canaan and settled with his father (Pirḳe R. El. lc; "Sefer ha-Yashar," lc).伊斯梅爾隨後前往迦南，並解決了與他的父親（ pirḳe傳譯下午。立法會" ; sefer夏亞沙爾， "信用證） 。 This statement agrees with that of Baba Batra (16a)-that Ishmael became a penitent during the lifetime of Abraham.本聲明贊同這種說法的巴巴巴特拉（ 16A條） ，即伊斯梅爾成為一個懺悔者，在一生中的亞伯拉罕。 He who sees Ishmael in a dream will have his prayer answered by God (Ber. 56a).他看見的人伊斯梅爾在一個夢想，將有他的回答祈禱上帝（ ber.第56A ） 。
Isidore Singer,
M. Seligsohn, Richard Gottheil, Hartwig Hirschfeld伊西多爾的歌手，米seligsohn
，理查德戈特海爾， hartwig hirschfeld
Jewish Encyclopedia, published between
1901-1906.猶太百科全書出版1901年至1906年之間。
Bibliography: Beer, Leben Abraham's nach Auffassung der Jüdischen Sage, pp.參考書目：啤酒，生活亞伯拉罕的nach auffassung明鏡jüdischen賢者，聚丙烯。 49 et seq., Leipsic, 1859.SM Sel. 49段及以下各段， leipsic ， 1859.sm的SEL 。
-In Arabic Literature: -在阿拉伯語文學：
For the history of Ishmael, according to Mohammedan legend, see Jew.為歷史上的伊斯梅爾，根據穆罕默德傳說中，看到猶太人。 Encyc. encyc 。 i.一。 87, sv Abraham in Mohammedan Iegend; and Hagar. 87 ， sv亞伯拉罕在穆罕默德iegend ; hagar 。 It may be added here that Ishmael is designated a prophet by Mohammed: "Remember Ishmael in the Book, for he was true to his promise, and was a messenger and a prophet" (Koran, xix. 55).它可能會增加此伊斯梅爾是指定了一個由先知穆罕默德說： "記得伊斯梅爾在書中，因為他是真實的他的諾言，是一個信使和先知" （古蘭經， 19條55條） 。 Ishmael is, therefore, in Mohammedan tradition a prototype of faithfulness.伊斯梅爾是，因此，在穆罕默德的傳統原型的忠誠。 He was an arrow-maker, and a good hunter.他是一個箭頭的決策者，和好獵手。 As a prophet, he had the gift of performing miracles.作為一個先知，他的禮物表演的奇蹟。 He converted many heathen to the worship of the One God.他皈依許多異教徒，以崇拜的一個神。 He left twelve sons.他留下12個兒子。 His son Kedar is said to have been an ancestor of Mohammed.他的兒子是在Kedar據說，有一個祖先穆罕默德。 Ishmael is reputed to have lived one hundred and thirty years; he was buried near the Kaaba.伊斯梅爾是被譽為住了一百三十年，他被安葬在附近的天房。 His posterity, however, became pagan, and remained so until they were brought back to Islam by Mohammed.他的後代，不過，成為異教，仍然如此，直到他們被帶返伊斯蘭教的穆罕默德。
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