The Fatimids were an Islamic dynasty that reigned in North Africa and later in Egypt from 909 until 1171. The Fatimid Caliphate was the political pinnacle of the Ismailis, a group of Shiites who expected the appearance of a messiah descended from the marriage of Ali, the fourth caliph, and Fatima, the daughter of the Prophet Muhammad.該法蒂瑪王朝被一個伊斯蘭王朝統治在北非和後來在埃及，從909到1171 。 該法蒂瑪王朝哈里發是當時全國的政治巔峰的伊斯瑪儀教派，一群什葉派人士預計出現一個救世主的後裔，從婚姻的阿里，第四哈里發，法蒂瑪，女兒的先知穆罕默德。
The Fatimids initially established a North African empire centered in Tunisia, from which they planned to move eastward and supplant the Abbasids.該法蒂瑪王朝，初步建立了北非帝國的中心位置在突尼斯，從他們打算提出東移，並取代了abbasids 。 Consequently, they conquered Egypt in 969 and created Cairo as their capital.因此，他們征服了埃及在969和創造開羅為首都。 They then extended their influence to Syria, Palestine, and Arabia. They reached the zenith of their power in the reign of al-Mustansir (1036-94). The dynasty enjoyed generally peaceful relations with the Byzantines and cooperated with the Turkish rulers of Syria against the Crusades.然後，他們擴展他們的影響力，敘利亞，巴勒斯坦和阿拉伯的， 他們達到了頂點，他們的權力在統治基地穆斯坦綏爾（ 1036至1094年） 。王朝享有普遍的和平關係與byzantines與合作，土耳其統治者敘利亞針對十字軍東征。
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Michael W. Dols邁克爾小dols
Bibliography:
參考書目：
Lewis, Bernard, The Origin of
Isma'ilism (1975); O'Leary, De Lacy, A Short History of the Fatimid Kaliphate
(1923).劉易斯，伯納德，起源isma'ilism （ 1975年） ; o'leary
，德威廉萊西斯，歷史較短的法蒂瑪王朝kaliphate （ 1923 ） 。
The Fatimids were a Muslim dynasty claiming the caliphate, successors of Muhammad through descent from Fatima, Muhammad's daughter.該法蒂瑪王朝被一個穆斯林王朝自稱哈里發，繼承人穆罕默德通過後裔，從法蒂瑪說，穆罕默德的女兒。
In the 10th century, Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi, head of a sect of Syrian Shiites, traveled to northwest Africa to head a movement started among the Berbers, a non-Arabic North African tribe.在10世紀， Ubayd的阿拉馬赫迪，頭一節，敘利亞的什葉派，赴西北非洲掌管一個運動開始之間的柏柏爾人，一個非阿拉伯語北非部落。 Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi was proclaimed the Muslim messiah, Mahdi, and by 909 had secured control of a substantial portion of North Africa. Ubayd的阿拉馬赫迪被宣布為穆斯林彌賽亞，馬赫迪和909有擔保控制的相當一部分北非。 He pushed eastward as far as Egypt and consolidated the empire under his son al-Qa'im and grandson al-Mansur.他被推向東據埃及和鞏固了帝國在他的兒子鋁卡伊姆和孫子基地的Mansur 。 Egypt was conquered in 969.埃及被征服，在969 。
In 972 al-Mansur's son Moizz was recognized as caliph in Egypt and made the new city of Cairo his capital.在972基地的Mansur的兒子moizz被承認為哈里發在埃及，並提出新的城市開羅，他的資本。 Morocco, Tripoli, and Sicily then became Muslim provinces, developing into semiautonomous dynasties of their own.摩洛哥，的黎波里，和西西里島，然後成為穆斯林省份，發展成為來參加朝代的自己。 In the 11th century Sicily fell to the Normans, and in the following century Roger II of Sicily completed the conquest of Morocco.在11世紀西西里下降到諾曼，並在以下幾個世紀羅傑二西西里完成征服摩洛哥。 Al-Hakim, the third Fatimid caliph, supported the university in Cairo and founded the fatimid library.鋁-哈基姆，第三次的法蒂瑪哈里發，支持大學在開羅和創立的法蒂瑪圖書館。 He persecuted Christians, destroyed the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, and in 1020 claimed personal divinity.他迫害基督徒，摧毀了聖墓教堂在耶路撒冷，並在1020年聲稱，個人的神性。
At its height, the Fatimid dynasty was recognized throughout much of Arabia, but it declined and was eventually crushed by the rising forces of Normans, Turks, and Venetians.在全盛時期，在法提瑪王朝被公認的許多阿拉伯，但它拒絕，並最終壓倒了上升的力量的諾曼人，土耳其人，和威尼斯。 After 1129 the Fatimid caliphs were merely puppets in the hands of the army and powerful viziers (Muslim government officials).之後， 1129名有關的法蒂瑪caliphs只不過是傀儡，在軍隊手中強大viziers （穆斯林政府官員） 。 Adid, last of the Fatimids, died in 1171. adid ，最後的法蒂瑪王朝，在死亡的第1171 。 Upon his death, the vizier Saladin won the title of Sultan by recognizing the Abbasid caliph of Baghdâd.當他去世後， vizier薩拉丁奪得世界大賽冠軍的萊蘇丹承認阿巴斯哈里發的baghdâd 。
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