Religious Orders宗教命令

In the Christian tradition, religious Orders are associations of men or women who seek to lead a life of prayer and pious practices and who are devoted often to some specific form of service.在基督教传统，宗教令是协会的男人或女人，他们寻求领导一个生命的祈祷和虔诚的做法和热心公益的人士往往是一些具体的服务形式。 Members usually bind themselves publicly, or sometimes privately, by vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience to lead a dedicated life.成员通常约束自己，在公开场合或私下，有时，由信誓旦旦的贫穷，贞洁，服从领导一个专用的生活。

In the Roman Catholic church these associations are of several types. 在罗马天主教教会这些协会的几种类型。 The religious Orders, narrowly defined, include monastic Orders (of which the largest is the Benedictines), mendicant Orders or Friars (such as the Franciscans or Dominicans), and Canons Regular (Priests living in a community attached to a specific church). All of these make solemn vows and say office in choir. 宗教命令，严格界定，包括寺院的订单（其中最大的是benedictines ） ，乞讨的命令或方济各会士（如方济会或者多米尼加人） ，和大炮经常（司铎生活在一个社区隶属某一特定教会） ，所有这些做出的庄严誓言，并说，办事处合唱团。 In general they all have their origin in the Middle Ages.一般来说，他们都起源于中世纪。

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Clerks Regular are societies of Priests who make vows and are joined together for the purpose of priestly Ministry; the Jesuits are a well known example.办事员经常是社团被捕的神职人员作出誓言，并一起为目的的司铎部;耶稣会是一个众所周知的例子。 Societies in which Priests, Brothers, or Sisters, bound by vows, live in community to perform certain kinds of services are called religious congregations and include, among others, the Passionists, Redemptorists, and Vincentians.社团中的神父，兄弟或姐妹，约束誓言，居住在社区执行若干种服务是所谓宗教集会，并包括，除其他外， passionists ， redemptorists ， vincentians 。 Religious institutes such as the Christian Brothers are usually composed of unordained persons who take vows and devote themselves to such tasks as teaching.宗教院校，如基督教兄弟通常组成unordained人士宣誓，并投身于这种任务作为教学。 Members of secular institutes are generally laypersons who do not live in community or wear a particular kind of garb but make promises of poverty, chastity, and obedience and live an ordinary life within conventional circumstances.成员世俗院所一般都非专业人士，他们并不生活在社区或穿某一类装束，但作出承诺的贫穷，贞洁，服从和生活的一个普通生活常规的情况。

Roman Catholic Orders of Nuns or Sisters are generally smaller but more numerous than those of their male counterparts and are devoted primarily to teaching.罗马天主教的命令修女或姐妹一般要小一些，但更无数比自己的男同事，并主要讨论教学。 Some monastic communities are enclosed - the Monks or Nuns rarely leaving their monastery or convent - and devoted to the contemplative life.一些寺院的社区是封闭的-和尚或尼姑很少离开自己的修道院或修道院-忠于职守的c o ntemplative生活。

In the Eastern church, where Monasticism had its beginnings, religious orders are not differentiated as they are in the West, and most Eastern Orthodox religious individuals are monastics.在东部教堂，那是修道有它的起源，宗教命令，是不是有区别的，因为他们是在西部，与东部最正统的宗教，个人修道。

Following the Reformation, monasticism disappeared in Protestant countries, but the influence of the Oxford Movement in the 19th century brought about the reestablishment of religious Orders among Anglicans (Episcopalians).继改造，修道消失在新教国家，而且影响力的牛津运动，在19世纪带来的重建和宗教界人士之间的圣公会（ episcopalians ） 。 A few other Protestant groups have also established religious Orders, among which the best known modern example is at Taize, France.其他几个新教团体还建立了宗教命令，其中最知名的现代例子是，在taize ，法国。 Among the Eastern religions, Buddhism has a strong monastic tradition.其中东方宗教，佛教有浓厚的寺院的传统。

Cyprian Davis塞浦路斯戴维斯

Bibliography 参考书目
D Knowles, Christian Monasticism (1969) and From Pachomius to Ignatius: A Study in the Constitutional History of the Religious Orders (1966); AD McCoy, Holy Cross: A Century of Anglican Monasticism (1987); EA Wynn, Traditional Catholic Religious Orders (1987). d诺尔斯，基督教修道院（ 1969年）和从帕科米乌斯以伊格研究：在宪政史上的宗教令（ 1966 ） ;专案麦科伊，圣十字：一个世纪的英国圣公会修道（ 1987年） ;环境韦恩，传统的天主教宗教命令（ 1987 ） 。

Monasticism 修道
Nuns 修女
Friars 方济各会士
Convent 修道院
Ministry 财政部
Major Orders 大订单
Holy Orders 神圣的订单

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