The Mennonites, a Protestant religious group descended from the 16th century Anabaptists, take their name from Menno Simons, a Dutch Roman Catholic priest converted to the Anabaptist faith, whose moderate leadership, after the militant excesses of the fanatical Anabaptist Kingdom of Munster (1534 - 35), restored balance to the movement.该门诺教派，新教团体的后裔， 16世纪anabaptists ，以他们的名义，从缅诺西蒙斯，一名荷兰天主教神父转换为anabaptist信仰，其温和的领导下，经过激进的过度狂热anabaptist英国的穆斯特（第1534 - 35 ） ，恢复平衡运动。 He was active in the Netherlands and also developed a following in Holstein and along the lower Rhine and the Baltic.他是活跃在荷兰和还制定了以下荷斯坦奶牛，并沿下莱茵和波罗的海。
The Mennonites rejected infant baptism, the swearing of oaths, military service, and worldliness. 该门诺教派拒绝婴儿的洗礼，宣誓就职的宣誓，兵役，和世俗性。 They practiced strong church discipline in their congregations and lived simple, honest, loving lives in emulation of the earliest Christians. As summarized by the Dordrecht Confession of 1632, Mennonite theological principles stress the direct influence of the Holy Spirit on the heart of the believer and the importance of the Bible, with its message of salvation through the mystical experience of Christ's presence in the heart. 他们实行强有力的教会纪律，在他们的毕业典礼和生活的简单，诚实，热爱生命，在仿真的最早的基督徒。概括了多德雷赫特供述的1632年，门诺派的神学原则，强调直接的影响，圣灵对心脏的信徒和重要的是圣经，其信息的救恩透过神秘经验基督的存在，在心脏。
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In the New World the Mennonites branched into several factions, of which the (Old) Mennonite Church - still the largest - is the parent group.在新的世界的门诺教派分支分成几个派别，其中以（旧）门诺教会-仍然是最大的-是集团母公司。 Other groups include the General Conference Mennonite Church and the Mennonite Brethren Church.其他群体包括大会门诺教会和门诺弟兄教会。 The Amish Church, named for Jacob Ammann, a 17th century Swiss Mennonite bishop, remains insular and conservative.阿米绪教堂，命名为雅各布ammann ，一个17世纪的瑞士门诺派的主教，仍然是狭隘和保守。 Old Order Amish avoid modern technology in farming and manufacturing, wear old fashioned clothing fastened by hooks and eyes instead of buttons, worship in private homes, and continue to speak a German English amalgam (Pennsylvania Dutch).旧秩序阿米什避免现代技术在农业和制造业，穿老式服装系由钩和眼睛而不是按钮，崇拜在私人居所，并为继续讲德语英语汞合金（宾夕法尼亚荷兰语） 。 The Conservative Amish differ only in their adoption of English and Sunday schools.保守的阿米什差别只在其通过的英语和周日学校。 The churches meet together once every 6 years at the Mennonite World Conference.教会聚会一次，六年，在门诺世界会议。 American Mennonites reside principally in Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, and Kansas.美国门诺教派主要居住在宾夕法尼亚，俄亥俄，印第安纳州，堪萨斯。 Significant numbers also live in Canada.大量还住在加拿大。
Lewis W Spitz刘易斯瓦特Spitz也
Bibliography
参考书目
HS Bender and HC
Smith, Mennonites and Their Heritage (1964) and, as eds., Mennonite Encyclopedia
(1954 - 59); B Davies, String of Amber: The Heritage of the Mennonites (1973);
CJ Dyck, ed., Introduction to Mennonite History (1981); JW Fretz, The Waterloo
Mennonites (1989); R Friedmann, Mennonite Piety Through the Centuries (1949); JA
Hostetler, Mennonite Life (1983); CW Redekop, Mennonite Society (1989); CH
Smith, The Story of the Mennonites (1950); GH Williams, The Radical Reformation
(1962).房协德及HC史密斯，门诺教派和他们的遗产（ 1964年） ，并作为编，门诺大百科全书（ 1954年-5 9） ，
B期戴维斯，一串琥珀：遗产的门诺教派（ 1 973年） ;终审法院首席法官d yck，版，导言以历史的基督教门诺会（ 1981年） ;李钟郁fretz
，窝门诺教派（ 1989 ）与r弗里德曼，门诺虔诚透过百年的时间（ 1949年） ; JA部hostetler ，门诺人寿（ 1983 ） ;连续redekop
，门诺社会（ 1989年） ;甲烷史密斯故事的门诺教派（ 1950年） ;生长激素威廉姆斯，激进改革（ 1962年） 。
Mennonites were among the first to espouse the principle of separation of church and state and to condemn slavery.门诺教派的第一批国家之一拥护分立的原则，教会与国家，并谴责奴隶制。 They have traditionally obeyed the civil laws, but many refuse to bear arms or to support violence in any form (see Pacifism), to take judicial oaths, and to hold public office.他们历来服从了民事法律的，但很多人不携带武器或支持任何形式的暴力行为（见和平主义） ，以接替司法宣誓，并担任公职。 The more conservative Mennonite groups are distinguished by plain living and simplicity of dress.较为保守的基督教门诺集团是由杰出的艰苦朴素和简洁的礼服。
A parallel movement emerged at about the same time in the Netherlands, led by Menno Simons, from whom the name Mennonite is derived.一个平行运动出现在大约同一时间，在荷兰，带领缅诺西蒙斯，从谁的名字，是基督教门诺会得出的。 Educated for the priesthood and ordained in 1524, Menno Simons gradually moved to a radical position, until by 1537 he was preaching believer's baptism and nonresistance.学历为神职人员，并受戒，在1524年，缅诺西蒙斯逐渐转移到了一个激进立场，直到1537年，由他的说教信奉的洗礼和不抵抗。 As they did in Switzerland, Anabaptists in the Netherlands experienced years of persecution.像瑞士， anabaptists在荷兰经历了多年的迫害。 Similar groups sprang up in southern Germany and also in Austria, where they were led by Jakob Hutter and called Hutterites or Hutterian Brethren.类似团体兴起，在德国南部，并在奥地利，他们将在那里领导的雅各布胡特，并呼吁哈特莱特人或hutterian谣言。
The Swiss Brethren continued to suffer harassment and persecution into the 18th century, and many fled to the Rhineland and the Netherlands, others to America (Pennsylvania), and still others to eastern Europe.瑞士弟兄继续遭受骚扰和迫害，到18世纪时，许多人逃到了莱茵兰和荷兰，其他人到美国（宾夕法尼亚州） ，还有东欧。 In the Netherlands outright persecution ceased by the end of the 16th century, although some coercion and discrimination in favor of the state church persisted.在荷兰夺标迫害停止到去年底的16世纪，虽然有些人胁迫和歧视，有利于有关国家的教会存在。 Like the Swiss Brethren, many Dutch Mennonites immigrated, some to Pennsylvania, others eastward to Prussia and Poland, reaching, by the early 19th century, the Ukraine and other parts of Russia.像瑞士的弟兄们，许多荷兰人门诺教派移民，有的是为了宾夕法尼亚，别人东移，普鲁士和波兰，达到了，由十九世纪初，乌克兰和其他部分的俄罗斯。
In Pennsylvania Mennonites were among those who settled Germantown in 1683.在宾夕法尼亚州的门诺教派属于那些定居Germantown的，在1683年。 Both Swiss and Dutch Mennonites went to the colony in the following years.无论瑞士和荷兰的门诺教派到殖民地，在以后的几年。 Distinctive among them, although not numerically the most important, were followers of a 17th-century Swiss Mennonite bishop, Jakob Amman, who were called Amish or Amish Mennonites. Their very conservative dress and other customs - especially their use of shunning as a method of discipline - set them apart from the surrounding society.鲜明的，其中虽然不是数值最重要的是，被追随者一个17世纪的瑞士门诺派的主教，雅各布安曼，他们被称为阿米什或阿米什门诺教派，他们是非常保守的服装与其他海关-尤其是其使用的回避作为一种方法纪律-设定他们除了从周围的社会。
Later waves of emigration from Europe introduced variant strands of the Mennonite tradition into the United States.后来波移民潮，从欧洲引进变束的门诺派的传统，进入美国。 In each case the tendency was to take up land on what was at the time the western frontier.在每一种情况下的趋势是采取了土地就什么是在当时的西部边疆地区。 In the first half of the 19th century Mennonites from Switzerland and southern Germany settled in Ohio and other states westward to Missouri.在第一个19世纪下半叶门诺教派从瑞士和德国南部定居在俄亥俄州和其他国家向西至密苏里州。 After the American Civil War Mennonites from Russia, primarily of Dutch stock, settled in Kansas, Nebraska, and South Dakota.经过美国内战门诺教派来自俄罗斯，主要是荷兰语的股票，定居在堪萨斯州，内布拉斯加州和南达科他州。 Following World War I Russian Mennonites migrated to Canada, especially Saskatchewan.第一次世界大战后俄罗斯门诺教派移民到加拿大，尤其是萨斯喀彻温省。 More came after World War II, but the destinations of the most recent Mennonite emigrants have been Mexico, Paraguay, and Brazil.更来到二次世界大战结束后，但目的地的最近期的门诺移民纷纷被墨西哥，巴拉圭和巴西。
In North America the largest Mennonite bodies are the Mennonite Church ("Old Mennonites"), with roots in colonial Pennsylvania, and the General Conference Mennonite Church, organized in Iowa in 1860.在北美最大的门诺机构是门诺教会 （ "旧门诺教派" ） ，植根于殖民宾州，并在大会门诺派教会，有组织在艾奥瓦州于1860年。 In 1980 the Mennonite Church had about 109,000 members in the US and Canada and 33,000 in related overseas churches; the General Conference Mennonite Church had about 60,000 members in the US and Canada. 1980年，门诺教会有大约10.9万会员，在美国和加拿大，以及33000名在海外相关的教堂;大会门诺教会有大约60000名成员，在美国和加拿大。 Local churches are organized into district conferences, which send delegates to a general conference, or assembly.地方教会组织成区会议，派代表向大会，或组装。 Many of the clergy serve their churches part time while engaged in secular employment.许多神职人员服务，其教堂的一部分时间，而从事世俗就业。
Throughout much of their history, Mennonites have been a rural people, traditionally farmers.各地，他们的大部分历史上，门诺教派已成为农村人，传统上的农民。 In the 20th century the largest Mennonite bodies in the US have begun to play a significant role in society at large.在刚刚过去的二十世纪规模最大的门诺机构，在美国已经开始发挥着重要作用，在全社会的前列。 The traditional use of the German language in worship survives only in the most conservative groups.传统使用的德语语言崇拜才得以流传下来，在最保守的群体。 Both the Mennonite Church and the General Mennonite Church sponsor institutions of higher education.无论是门诺教会和一般门诺教会赞助的高等教育机构。 The Mennonite Central Committee, with representatives from 17 Mennonite bodies, is a cooperative relief and service agency dedicated to advancing the cause of peace and alleviating human suffering throughout the world.门诺派中央委员会，其代表来自17门诺机构，是一个合作的救济和服务机构，致力于推进和平事业和减轻人类痛苦的整个世界。
Mennonites are a large body of Anabaptist groups today, descendants of the Dutch and Swiss Anabaptists (the Swiss Brethren, as they came to be known) of the sixteenth century.门诺教派是一个大机构的anabaptist团体，今天的后裔，荷兰和瑞士anabaptists （瑞士弟兄们，因为他们后来被称为）的16世纪。 The basic doctrines of the original Swiss Anabaptists, as well as the Peace Wing of the Dutch Anabaptists, are reflected in the 1524 Programmatic Letters of Conrad Grebel; in the Seven Articles of Schleitheim, 1527; in the voluminous writings of Pilgram Marpeck (d. 1556); in the writings of Menno Simons and of Dirk Philips (Enchiridion or Handbook of the Christian Doctrine); in the Swiss Brethren hymn book, the Ausbund (1564); and in the huge Martyrs Mirror of 1660.基本教义的原始瑞士anabaptists ，以及为和平联队的荷兰anabaptists ，反映在1524纲领性信件康拉德格列伯，在七篇文章的施莱特海姆时27分，在浩繁的著作pilgram marpeck （四1556 ） ;在著作缅诺西蒙斯和德克飞利浦（ enchiridion或手册中的基督教教义） ，在瑞士兄弟在圣歌书中， ausbund （第1564 ） ，而且在巨大的烈士的一面镜子， 1660 。
The Swiss Brethren were the Free Church wing of the Zwinglian Reformation.瑞士兄弟分别是自由教会翼的zwinglian改造。 Initially the pioneer leaders such as Conrad Grebel and Felix Mantz had nothing but praise for Zwingli.最初的先驱领导人如康拉德格列伯和Felix mantz无关，但称赞zwingli 。 But by the fall of 1523 they became increasingly uneasy about the tempo of the Reformation in Zurich, and particularly about Zwingli's practice of allowing the Great Council of the 200 to decide what Catholic forms of doctrine, piety, and practice were to be dropped.但秋季1523年，他们越来越感到不安节奏的改革，在苏黎世，特别是关于zwingli的做法，容许大会的200决定什么天主教形式的学说，虔诚和实践被撤销。 These young radicals felt that Zwingli was too lukewarm and slow in carrying out his strongly biblical vision for an evangelical Reformed Church in Zurich.这些年轻的激进派认为zwingli过于冷淡，并缓慢在履行他的强烈圣经的愿景是一个福音教会改革后，在苏黎世。 But they did nothing until they were ordered to have their infants baptized and forbidden to conduct any more Bible study sessions.但他们没有采取任何行动，直到他们被命令有其婴儿受洗，并禁止进行任何更多的圣经学习班。 It was then that they met, and after earnest prayer ventured to inaugurate believer's baptism and to commission each other to go out as preachers and evangelists.这是当时说，他们会晤，并经过认真祷告谁敢在开幕信奉的洗礼，并委托对方走出去，因为传教士和传道士。 The date of organization of this Swiss Free Church was January 21, 1525.日起组织了这次瑞士自由教会是1525年1月21日。
At this organization meeting the three strongest leaders were Conrad Grebel, who died in 1526; Felix Mantz, who died as a martyr early in 1527; and George Blaurock, who was severely beaten and banished from Zurich in 1527, only to be burned to death in the Tirol in 1529.在这个组织会议的三个最强的领袖康拉德格列伯，死于1526年;菲利克斯mantz ，死于成为烈士早在1527年和乔治blaurock ，那些被严重殴打和被流放到苏黎世，在1527年中，只有被烧死在查看地图1529年。 After the original leaders were off the scene, the mantle of leadership fell upon a former Benedictine monk of South Germany named Michael Sattler.经过原领导人小康现场后，地幔的领导下跌后，原本笃会僧侣的德国南部任命Michael增多。 It was Sattler who helped the scattered and sometimes differing Swiss Brethren to settle upon what was a biblical faith and way of life.这是美国海军陆战队的人，帮助这些分散的，有时是不同的瑞士弟兄定居后，什么是圣经的信仰和生活方式。 This was realized at a village in Schaffhausen called Schleitheim in 1527.这是认识上的一个村庄在Schaffhausen所谓施莱特海姆在1527年。 Seven articles were worked over and finally adopted unanimously by the "brethren and sisters" who were present.七篇文章被工作，并最后一致通过了"兄弟姐妹"谁出席了会议。 These seven articles may be summarized thus:这七条可概括为：
(1) Baptism is to be given to people who have repented and believed on Christ, who manifest a new way of life, who "walk in the resurrection," and who actually request baptism. （ 1 ）的洗礼，是考虑到人的忏悔，并相信基督，他们表现出一种新的生活方式，那些"走在复活" ，究竟是谁要求的洗礼。 (Infants and children are considered saved without ceremony, but infants are often "dedicated.") （婴儿和儿童被认为是保存仪式，但婴幼儿往往以"专用" ） 。
(2) Before the breaking of bread (the Lord's Supper), special effort shall be made to reclaim from any form of sin any brothers or sisters who may have strayed from Christ's way of love, holiness, and obedience. （ 2 ） ，然后打破面包（主的晚餐） ，特别的努力，应予以填平，以防任何形式的罪过任何兄弟或姐妹，他们可能已偏离了基督的方式爱，纯洁，服从。 Those who are overtaken by sin should be twice warned privately, then publicly admonished before the congregation.那些超越了单应两次警告，在私底下，然后公开告诫前聚集。 The rite of exclusion of impenitent sinners the Swiss Brethren called the ban.这项成年礼的排斥impenitent罪人瑞士弟兄所谓的禁令。
(3) The Lord's Supper is to be celebrated by those who have been united into the body of Christ by baptism. （ 3 ）主的晚餐是值得庆祝那些已团结起来，基督的身体受到洗礼。 The congregation of believers must keep themselves from the sinful ways of the world in order to be united in the "loaf" of Christ.众信徒们必须保持从罪孽深重的方式，向世界，以团结一致的"面包"的喊声。
(4) Disciples of Christ must carefully avoid the sins of a Christ - rejecting world. （ 4 ）门徒的基督，必须小心避免罪孽一个基督-拒绝世界。 They cannot have spiritual fellowship with those who reject the obedience of faith.他们不能有精神团契与那些拒绝服从的信念。 Accordingly there are two classes of people: those who belong to the devil and live in sin, and those who have been delivered by Christ from this evil way of life.因此，有两类人：那些属于魔鬼和罪恶的生活，而那些已经交付由基督从这个邪恶的生活方式。 We must break with every form of sin, and then he will be our God and we will be his sons and daughters.我们必须打破一切形式的罪，那么他将是我们的上帝，我们就会被他的儿子和女儿。
(5) Every congregation of true Christians needs a shepherd. （ 5 ）每名会众的真正的基督徒需要有一个牧羊人。 The shepherd (or pastor) shall meet NT qualifications, "the rule of Paul."牧羊人（或牧师）必须符合新台币资格， "香港的法治保罗" 。 He is to read God's Word, exhort, teach, warn, admonish, discipline or ban in the congregation, properly preside in the congregational meetings and in the breaking of bread.他是读神的话语，劝告，教导，警告，告诫，纪律处分或禁止在会众，妥善主持，在堂会会议，并在破门的面包。 If he has financial needs the congregation shall give him support.如果他有经济需要的会众应给他的支持。 Should he be led away to martyrdom, another pastor shall be ordained in "the same hour."如果他带出去殉道，另一个牧师应受戒，在"同一时间" 。
(6) The section on being nonresistant suffers is entitled "The Sword." （ 6 ）一节被nonresistant患有标题是"剑" 。 The sword is ordained of God "outside the perfection of Christ" (the church).剑受戒上帝"之外的完善的基督" （教会） 。 The only method the church has to deal with transgressors is the ban (exclusion).唯一的方法，教会，以应付transgressors是禁止（豁免） 。 Disciples of Christ must be utterly nonresistant.弟子基督必须完全nonresistant 。 They cannot use the sword to cope with the wicked or to defend the good.他们不能使用刀，以应付坏蛋或捍卫好的方向发展。 Nonresistant Christians cannot serve as magistrates; rather, they must react as Christ did: he refused when they wished to make him king. nonresistant基督徒不能充当裁判，而是他们必须作出反应，正如基督所做过的事：他拒绝的时候，他们希望使他国王。 Under no circumstances can Christians be other than Christlike.在任何情况下，基督信徒被其他较christlike 。
(7) Finally, by the word of Christ, Christians cannot swear any kind of oath. （ 7 ）最后，由字的基督，基督徒不能宣誓任何形式的誓言。 Christian disciples are finite creatures; they cannot make one hair grow white or black.基督的门徒是有限的动物，他们不能作出一个头发生长的黑色或白色。 They may solemnly testify to the truth, but they shall not swear.他们可以郑重地证明了的真理，但他们不得宣誓。
In the covering letter accompanying the Seven Articles, Sattler acknowledges that some of the brothers had not fully understood God's will aright, but now they do.在采访函所附的七篇文章，美国海军陆战队承认，有些兄弟没有充分理解上帝的意志的戒律，但现在他们做的。 All past mistakes are truly forgiven when believers offer prayer concerning their shortcomings and guilt; they have perfect standing "through the gracious forgiveness of God and through the blood of Jesus Christ."所有过去的错误，真正原谅的时候，信徒们祷告，提供有关他们的缺点和内疚，他们有完善常委会"透过慈悲宽恕的上帝，并通过血液循环中的耶稣基督" 。
In 1693 Jakob Ammann, a Swiss elder in Alsace, founded the most conservative wing of the Mennonites, the Amish.在1693年雅各布ammann ，瑞士一名老在阿尔萨斯，创立了最保守的右翼的门诺教派，阿米绪。
Down through the centuries the Mennonites have produced numerous confessions of faith, catechisms, printed sermons, and hymn books.历经几个世纪的门诺教派已经制作了大量的供述中的信念， catechisms ，印刷布道，并圣歌书籍。
Mennonites hold to the major doctrines of the Christian faith and feel free to confess the Apostles' Creed. They are dissatisfied, however, with the creed's moving directly from the birth of Christ to his atoning death. They feel that it is also important to study Christ's way of life, his beautiful example of love, obedience, and service. They cannot believe that seeking to be faithful to both the letter and the spirit of the NT is legalism, if such obedience is based on love for God and love for man. 门诺教派举行向各大教义的基督教信仰和感觉免费招供使徒们的信条，他们也很不满意，但是，随着信仰的移动直接从耶稣的诞生，以他的atoning死刑，他们觉得这也是很重要的研究基督的生活方式，他的美丽的例子，爱，服从，服务等，他们可以不相信谋求互相忠实，无论是文字和精神的新台币是法家，如果这种顺从是基于对上帝的爱和爱文。 Indeed, Michael Sattler wrote a moving essay in 1527: Two Kinds of Obedience.事实上，迈克尔鲍威尔写了一动杂文1527 ： 2种服从。 They are (1) slavish obedience, which is legalism; it involves a low level of performance and produces proud "Pharisees."他们是： （ 1 ）盲目服从，这是法家，它涉及到一个低层次的表现，并产生骄傲"法利赛" 。 (2) Filial obedience, which is based on love for God and can never do enough, for the love of Christ is so intense Mennonites see the will of God revealed in a preparatory but nonfinal way in the OT but fully and definitively in Christ and the NT. （ 2 ）孝，这是基于对上帝的爱和永远做不够的，基督的爱是那么激烈门诺教派见上帝的意志透露，在筹备，但nonfinal方式，在职能治疗，但充分和明确，在基督和新台币。
Violent suppression of the Mennonites practically led to their extermination in Germany.暴力镇压的门诺教派几乎导致其灭绝在德国。 In Switzerland they survived chiefly in two areas, the Emme valley of Berne and the mountainous areas of the Jura.在瑞士，他们存活，主要在两个方面， emme河谷伯尔尼和山区的（ Jura 。 William I of the House of Orange brought toleration of a sort to the "Mennists" (the name coined by Countess Anna in Friesland in 1545 to designate the Peace Wing of the Dutch Anabaptists) of the Netherlands about 1575.威廉本人众议院橙带来的容忍是一种以" mennists " （名称创造countess安娜在friesland于1545年划定的和平联队的荷兰anabaptists ） ，荷兰约1575年。 The severe persecution of the Swiss Taufgesinnten, the Dutch Doopsgezinden, and the Frisian Mennists effectively silenced their evangelistic and mission concerns for several centuries, but these were revived slowly in the nineteenth century, first in Europe and then in North America.严重迫害的瑞士taufgesinnten ，荷兰人doopsgezinden ，弗里斯兰mennists有效地压制他们的福音和使命感，关注的几百年了，但这些都慢慢复苏，在19世纪，首先是在欧洲，然后在北美。 Mennonite missions have been most successful in Africa, Indonesia, and in India, and have started in Latin America.门诺派代表团一直最为成功的，在非洲，印度尼西亚，而在印度，并已开始在拉丁美洲。
JC Wenger时三十分温格
(Elwell Evangelical Dictionary) （ Elwell宣布了福音字典）
Bibliography
参考书目
Mennonite
Encyclopedia; TJ van Braght, Martyrs Mirror; CJ Dyck, ed., Introduction to
Mennonite History; J Horsch, Mennonites in Europe; GF Hershberger, War, Peace,
and Nonresistance; M Jeschke, Discipling the Brother; JA Hostetler, Amish
Society; SF Pannabecker, Open Doors; JA Toews, Mennonite Brethren Church; JC
Wenger, Introduction to Theology and Mennonite Church in America.门诺大百科全书;
TJ音乐范braght ，烈士镜;终审法院首席法官dyck ，版，导言，以门诺史; j horsch
，门诺教派在欧洲;绿，赫司波格，战争，和平，不抵抗;米jeschke ， discipling兄弟; JA部hostetler
，阿米什社会;证券及期货pannabecker ，打开大门; JA部toews ，门诺弟兄教会;时三十分温格概论，神学与基督教门诺教会在美国。
A Protestant denomination of Europe and America which arose in Switzerland in the sixteenth century and derived its name from Menno Simons, its leader in Holland.一名新教教派的欧洲和美洲，其中发生在瑞士，在16世纪和派生它的名字从缅诺西蒙斯，其领导人在荷兰结束。 Menno Simons was born in 1492 at Witmarsum in Friesland.缅诺西蒙斯出生于1492年在维特马瑟姆在friesland 。 In 1515 or 1516 he was ordained to the Catholic priesthood and appointed assistant at Pingjum not far from Witmarsum.中， 1515或1516年，他被祝圣为天主教神职人员，并任命助理平于姆不远处维特马瑟姆。 aater (1532) he was named pastor of his native place, but 12 January, 1536, resigned his charge and became an Anabaptist elder. aater （第1532 ） ，他被任命为牧师对他的籍贯，但1536年1月12日辞职，由他负责，并成为一个anabaptist长辈。 The rest of his life was devoted to the interests of the new sect which he had joined.余生专门的利益，也符合新的教派，他加入了。 Though not an imposing personality he exercised no small influence as a speaker and more particularly as a writer among the more moderate holders of Anabaptist views.虽然不是一个强加的个性，他行使了不小的影响，作为议长，特别是作为一个作家，其中较温和持有anabaptist意见。 His death occurred 13 January, 1559, at Wustenfelde in Holstein.他的死亡发生在1559年1月13日，在wustenfelde荷斯坦。 The opinions held by Menno Simons and the Mennonites originated in Switzerland.意见，召开由缅诺西蒙斯和门诺教派起源于瑞士。 In 1525 Grebel and Manz founded an Anabaptist community at Zurich.在1525年格列伯和曼茨成立了anabaptist社区在苏黎世。 Persecution followed upon the very foundation of the new sect, and was exercised against its members until 1710 in various parts of Switzerland.其次迫害后，很基础的新教派，并行使对成员，直到1710年，在各部分的瑞士。 It was powerless to effect suppression and a few communities exist even at present.它是无能为力的效果镇压和少数社区存在，即使在目前。 About 1620 the Swiss Mennonites split into Amish or Upland Mennonites and Lowland Mennonites.关于1620年瑞士门诺教派分裂成阿米什或旱稻门诺教派和低地门诺教派。 The former differ from the latter in the belief that excommunication dissolves marriage, in their rejection of buttons and of the practice of shaving.前者不同于后者，认为禁教溶化婚姻，在他们拒绝接受按钮，并根据实践的剃须。 During Menno's lifetime his followers in Holland divided (1554) into "Flemings" and "Waterlanders", on account of their divergent views on excommunication.在缅诺的一生他的追随者在荷兰划分（ 1554年）到" flemings "和" waterlanders " ，就到他们的意见分歧禁教。 The former subsequently split up into different parties and dwindled into insignificance, not more than three congregations remaining at present in Holland.前者后来分裂成不同党派和缩减到渺小时，不超过3个，其余的毕业典礼，目前在荷兰。 Division also weakened the "Waterlanders" until in 1811 they united, dropped the name of Mennonites and called themselves "Doopsgezinde" (Baptist persuasion), their present official designation in Holland.师里还削弱了" waterlanders " ，直到在1811年，他们团结起来，下降的名称和门诺教派的人称自己是" doopsgezinde " （浸会劝导） ，他们目前的官方指定在荷兰。 Menno founded congregations exclusively in Holland and Northwestern Germany.缅诺创立的毕业典礼专门在荷兰和德国西北部。 Mennonite communities existed at an early date, however in South Germany where they were historically connected with the Swiss movement, and are found at present in other parts of the empire, chiefly in eastern Prussia.门诺社区存在于早日，但是，在德国南部地方，他们在历史上与瑞士运动，而被发现，目前在其他部分的帝国，主要是在东部普鲁士。 The offer of extensive land and the assurance of religious liberty caused a few thousand German Mennonites to emigrate to Southern Russia (1788).提供大片土地，并保证宗教自由造成几千元德国门诺教派移民到俄罗斯南部（ 1788 ） 。 This emigration movement continued until 1824, and resulted in the foundation of comparatively important Mennonite colonies.这一移民运动一直持续到1824年，并在此基础上的比较重要的基督教门诺会殖民地。 In America the first congregation was founded in 1683 at Germantown, Pennsylvania.在美国第一次聚集，成立于1683年，在Germantown的宾夕法尼亚州。 Subsequently immigration from Germany, Holland, Switzerland, and since 1870 from Russia, considerably increased the number of the sect in North America.随后入境事务由德国，荷兰，瑞士，并自1870年开始从俄罗斯，出现越来越多的该教派在北美。 There are twelve different branches in the United States in some of which the membership does not reach 1000.有12种不同分支机构，在美国，其中一些成员没有达到1000人。 Among the peculiar views of the Mennonites are the following: repudiation of infant baptism, oaths, law-suits, civil office-holding and the bearing of arms.其中奇特意见的门诺教派有以下几方面：否定婴儿洗礼，宣誓，依法诉讼，民事厅控股，并携带武器。 Baptism of adults and the Lord's Supper, in which Jesus Christ is not really present, are retained, but not as sacraments properly so-called.洗礼的成年人和主的晚餐，其中耶稣基督是不是真的，目前都得以保留，但不作为圣礼妥当，所以所谓的。 Non-resistance to violence is an important tenet and an extensive use is made of excommunication.不抵抗，以暴力，是一个重要的宗旨，并广泛运用了禁教。 All these views, however, are no longer universally held, some Mennonites now accepting secular offices.所有这些意见，不过，不再是普遍，一些门诺教派现已接受世俗办事处。 The polity is congregational, with bishops, elders, and deacons.政体是堂会，主教，长老，和执事。 The aggregate membership of the Mennonites is now usually given as about 250,000; of these there are some 60,000 in Holland; 18,000 in Germany; 70,000 in Russia; 1500 in Switzerland; 20,000 in Canada, and according to Dr. Carroll (Christian Advocate, New York, 27 January, 1910), 55,007 in the United States.总结会籍的门诺教派的是，现在通常是为约25万人;其中有一些60000在荷兰; 18000名在德国; 70000个，在俄罗斯， 1500人，在瑞士， 20000名在加拿大，而据医生卡罗尔（基督教主张，新纽约， 1910年1月27日） ， 55007在美国。
Publication information Written by NA Weber.出版信息写娜韦伯。 The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume X. Published 1911.天主教百科全书，体积十， 1911年出版。 New York: Robert Appleton Company.纽约：罗伯特Appleton还公司。 Nihil Obstat, October 1, 1911. nihil obstat ， 1911年10月1日。 Remy Lafort, STD, Censor.人头马lafort ，性病，检查员。 Imprimatur. imprimatur 。 +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York +约翰farley枢机主教，大主教纽约
Bibliography参考书目
CRAMER, Bibliotheca Reformatoria Neerlandica, II and V (The Hague, 1903, sqq.); CARROLL, Religious Forces of the United States (New York, 1896), 206-220; WEDEL, Geschichte der Mennoniten (Newton, Kansas, 1900-1904); SMITH, The Mennonites of America (Goshen, Indiana, 1909); CRAMER and HORSCH in New Schaff-Herzog Encycl.克莱姆，书目reformatoria neerlandica ， II和V （海牙， 1903年， sqq ） ;卡罗尔，宗教势力的美国（纽约， 1896 ） ， 206-220 ; wedel ，历史馆明镜mennoniten （牛顿，堪萨斯， 1900年- 1904年） ;史密斯，门诺教派的美国（ goshen ，印第安那， 1909年） ; Cramer与horsch在新schaff -赫尔佐克encycl 。 sv (New York, 1910). sv （纽约， 1910年） 。
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