A response by a minority of Catholic intellectuals to the French Revolution and nineteenth century European liberalism, liberal Catholicism may be seen as a chapter in the history of reform Catholicism which has long contended with the majority, conservative, and authoritarian tradition within Roman Catholicism.回应由少数天主教知识分子，以法国大革命和19世纪欧洲的自由主义，自由派天主教可能被视为史上的新篇章改革天主教长期以来一直有争议的，与大多数人，保守的，专制的传统，在罗马天主教。
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In a daily newspaper, L'Avenir, with its motto "God and Liberty," Lamennais advanced his revolutionary program: freedom of conscience and religion (necessitating the abolition of concordats between the papacy and civil governments and the stopping both of state payment of clergy and of state intervention in the appointment of bishops); freedom (not a monopoly) for the church in education; liberty of the press; freedom of association; universal suffrage; and decentralization of government.在一家日报法国avenir ，其口号是"上帝和自由， " lamennais先进他的革命纲领：良心自由和宗教自由的权利（须取消concordats之间教宗和民间各国政府和制止这两个国家支付的神职人员和国家干预的，在任命主教） ，自由（而不是垄断） ，为教会在教育;自由新闻的自由，结社;普选;和权力下放是政府的责任。
CRF de Montalembert (1810 - 70), historian and publicist, entered the French Parliament in 1837, seeking to catholicize liberals and to liberalize Catholics.慢性肾衰德montalembert （ 1810 -7 0） ，历史学家和公关人员，进入法国议会在1 837年，寻求c atholicize自由派和自由化的天主教徒。 His greatest political victory was the passage in 1850 of the Falloux law, which allowed the development of a Catholic secondary education system independent of the state system.他的最大的政治胜利是通过1850年的falloux法，其中允许发展一个天主教中学教育体系独立于国家体制。
The commitment by liberal Catholics to education was accompanied by an emphasis on preaching, then unusual in the Roman Catholic Church.承诺自由天主教徒教育是伴随着一个侧重于说教，然后在不寻常的罗马天主教会。 The greatest liberal Catholic preacher was the Dominican JBH Lacordaire (1802 - 61), who attracted vast crowds especially to his Lenten conferences at Notre Dame Cathedral, where his impassioned sermons combined the call for liberty in church and state with ultramontanism (centralization of papal authority in matters of church government and doctrine).最自由的天主教传教士是多米尼加jbh拉科代尔（ 1802 -6 1） ，他们吸引了广大观众，尤其是他的四旬期会议在巴黎圣母院大教堂，在那里他的慷慨激昂的说教相结合的号召，为自由，在教会与国家同u ltramontanism（中央集权的教皇权威在事项的教会，政府和学说） 。
The majority of liberal Catholics remained orthodox, seeking to modernize the church through the political emancipation of the laity and the separation of church and state.大多数人的自由天主教徒仍然东正教，谋求现代化教会通过政治解放的俗人和政教分离的国家。 A later generation of liberal Catholics, including Lord Acton (1834 - 1902) in England and JJI von Dollinger (1799 - 1890) in Germany, advocated autonomy for the laity in doctrinal matters.稍后一代的自由天主教徒，其中包括主ACTON ） （ 1834 -1 902） ，在英格兰和j ji冯d ollinger（ 1 799- 18 90），在德国，主张自治为俗人，在学说上的事宜。
The currents of liberal Catholicism led at the beginning of the twentieth century to the much stormier waters of Catholic modernism, which tended to be antidogmatic and anthropocentric.海流的自由为首的天主教在20世纪初，以更风浪水域的天主教现代主义的，这往往被antidogmatic和体型。 The leading Catholic modernists, Alfred Loisy, George Tyrell, Baron Friedrich von Hugel, Edouard Le Roy, Maurice Blondel, and Ernesto Buonaiuti, were concerned to reconcile traditional Catholic doctrine with the results of critical scriptural exegesis.领导天主教现代派，阿尔弗雷德卢瓦西，乔治tyrell ，白头弗里德里希冯胡格尔，爱德华乐罗伊，莫里斯blondel ，和Ernesto buonaiuti ，关注调和传统的天主教教义与结果的关键圣经注释。
The papacy has consistently criticized and frequently condemned liberal Catholicism for its rationalism and naturalism.教宗一贯批评，并经常谴责自由天主教为理性主义和自然主义。 Lamennais's political liberalism was condemned by Gregory XVI in the encyclical Mirari vos of 1832. lamennais的政治自由主义谴责格雷戈里教宗在通谕中mirari你的1832 。 In 1834 in Singulari nos Gregory condemned Lamennais's doctrine that the evolution of truth was part of the progressive evolution of the people (a view later called immanentism).在1834年，在singulari数格雷戈里谴责lamennais的学说的演变真相的一部分逐步进化的人（一期后来所谓immanentism ） 。 Montalembert concluded that it was not possible to be a Catholic and a liberal after Pius IX's encyclical Quanta Cura and the Syllabus of Errors (both 1864). montalembert得出结论认为，它不可能是一个天主教和自由后，比约九的通谕广cura和教学大纲的误差（均1864 ） 。 Acton and Dollinger withdrew their active support of Rome after the promulgation in 1870 of the dogma of papal infallibility. ACTON ） ，并dollinger撤回了他们的积极支持罗马颁布后，在1870年的教条的教皇infallibility 。 Modernism was condemned in 1907 by Pius X in the decree Lamentabili and the encyclical Pascendi gregis.现代事件进行了谴责， 1907年由比约X在该法令lamentabili和通谕pascendi收听广播节目和收看。
FS Piggin财政司司长皮格金博士
(Elwell Evangelical Dictionary) （ Elwell宣布了福音字典）
Bibliography
参考书目
Lord Acton, The
History of Freedom and Other Essays; JL Altholz, The Liberal Catholic Movement
in England; EEY Hales, Pio Nono: A Study in European Politics and Religion in
the Nineteenth Century and Revolution and Papacy, 1769 - 1846; D Holmes, The
Triumph of the Holy See: A Short History of the Papacy in the Nineteenth
Century; TM Loome, Liberal Catholicism, Reform Catholicism, Modernism: A
Contribution to a New Orientation in Modernist Research; JN Moody, ed., Church
and Society: Catholic Social and Political Thought and Movements, 1789 - 1950;
BMG Reardon, Liberalism and Tradition: Aspects of Catholic Thought in Nineteenth
Century France; AR Vidler, Prophecy and Papacy: A Study of Lamennais, the Church
and the Revolution.主ACTON ） ，历史上的自由和其他散文;的JL altholz ，自由天主教运动在英格兰; eey
hales ，年内，纳米研究：在欧洲政治和宗教在十九世纪的革命和教皇， 1769 -1 846; d霍尔姆斯胜利教廷：一个历史较短的教宗是在19世纪; ？
loome ，自由天主教，天主教的改革，现代主义：一种贡献到一个新的方向，在现代主义研究;若望穆迪，海关，教会与社会：天主教社会和政治思想和运动的1789年-1
950年B MG公司里尔登，自由主义与传统：方面的天主教思想在十九世纪法国;氩v idler，预言与教宗：研究l amennais，教会和革命。
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