Jehovah's Witnesses are a society of Christians who promote home study of the Bible, which they hold to be the complete Word of God. They believe that God's kingdom is an actual government now ruling in heaven that will soon restore the earth to its original paradisaic condition.耶和华见证人是一个社会的基督徒促进家庭研究圣经，而他们手中掌握的是完整的上帝的话，他们相信上帝的王国是一个实际的，政府现在执政党在天上，就是尽快恢复地球到原来paradisaic条件。 They expect an early end to the present world system in a "great tribulation" from God that will rid the earth of wickedness and suffering.他们期望早日结束目前的世界体系中的"大磨难" ，从神将摆脱地球的邪恶和痛苦。 Following Armageddon will come a millennial reign over the earth by Jesus. The gaining of eternal life depends on complete obedience to Jehovah God and faith in the provision of Jesus Christ's ransom sacrifice.以下为世界末日将走过了千年统治过地球的耶稣。 获得了永恒的生命取决于完成服从耶和华神和信念，在提供耶稣基督的赎金牺牲。
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The activities of Jehovah's Witnesses are coordinated by a governing body at international headquarters in Brooklyn, New York.活动耶和华见证人协调，由理事机构，在国际总部设在纽约布鲁克林。 In the more than 63,000 congregations worldwide, elders, male members meeting certain scriptural qualifications, preside as a body.在超过63000毕业典礼世界范围内，老年人，男性成员会议上某些圣经的资格，主持作为一个机构。 Instruction and training are provided for all at five meetings a week, held primarily in "Kingdom Halls."指导和训练提供了所有在5次会议，每周召开的，主要是在"英国会堂" 。 The Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania and the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc., are the legal agencies of Jehovah's Witnesses.这座瞭望塔圣经和呼吸道社会的宾夕法尼亚州和这座瞭望塔圣经和道学会纽约公司，是政法机关的耶和华见证人。 They print and distribute the Bible.他们印制和散发圣经。 Their principal periodical, The Watchtower, has a circulation of 15,290,000 copies in more than 100 languages.他们的主要期刊，这座瞭望塔，有一个流通的1529.0万份以上的100种语言。
The Witnesses acknowledge Jehovah God as their founder.证人在承认耶和华神，因为他们的创始人。 The modern movement was organized in the 1870s by Charles Taze Russell.现代主义运动组织在19世纪70年代由查尔斯taze罗素。 By 1990, Jehovah's Witnesses numbered 4.2 million in more than 200 lands.到1990年，耶和华见证人编号为420万美元，在200多个地。
FW Franz又一城的Franz
Bibliography
参考书目
J Bergman,
Jehovah's Witnesses and Kindred Groups (1984); MJ Penton, Apocalypse Delayed:
The Story of Jehovah's Witnesses (1988); Watchtower Bible and Tract Society,
Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses (annual). j Bergman表示，耶和华见证人和骨肉集团（ 1984 ）
;兆焦耳聚氯，延迟启示：这个故事的耶和华见证人（ 1988年） ;瞭望塔圣经和呼吸道社会，年鉴的耶和华见证人（每年） 。
This name was adopted in 1931 by the movement founded by Charles Taze Russell in the 1870s.这个名字是通过在1931年所创立的运动由查尔斯taze罗素在19世纪70年代。 Russell was born in 1852 in Pittsburgh, Pa. His family were Congregationalists but Russell reacted strongly against his religious upbringing.罗素出生于1852年在匹兹堡，宾夕法尼亚州，他的家人被称为"公理派" ，但罗素作出强烈反应，对他的宗教缺乏教养。 At the age of eighteen he started a Bible class in Pittsburgh, and this group grew into the organization which we now know as the Jehovah's Witnesses.在年满18岁的他从一本圣经级在匹兹堡，和这个小组长入组织，我们现在知道，因为耶和华的见证人。 In 1876 Russell became the group's pastor, and in 1879 he started a magazine, Zion's Watchtower, the forerunner of today's Watchtower.在1876年的罗素，成为该集团的牧师，并于1879年开始了他一本杂志，锡安的瞭望塔的前身今天的瞭望塔。 Russell's organization became the Zion's Watch Tower Tract Society in 1884.罗素的组织，成为锡安的观赏塔道协会于1884年。 In 1908 Russell moved the headquarters of his organization to Brooklyn, New York.在1908年罗素提出的总部，他的组织向纽约布鲁克林。 The organization has been based in Brooklyn ever since.该组织一直设在布鲁克林区至今。
In 1886 Russell published the first of a series of seven books entitled Studies in the Scriptures. 1886年罗素出版了系列的第一个七书题为研究会念经。 Volume 6 appeared in 1904 and the seventh volume in 1917, a year after Russell's death.第6册出现在1904年和第七卷分别于1917年，一年后，罗素逝世。 The publication of Volume 7 of Studies in the Scriptures led to a schism in the organization.出版第7卷的研究，在经文导致裂，在该组织。 The majority of members followed JF Rutherford, while a smaller group formed itself into the Dawn Bible Student's Association.多数委员其次架JF卢瑟福，而规模较小的集团，形成自己融入了黎明前圣经学生的协会。 This group is still in existence and publishes the Dawn magazine, which has a circulation of about 30,000 copies.这个小组依然存在，并出版了曙光杂志，它有一个循环的约30000份。 The larger group following Rutherford became today's Jehovah's Witnesses.规模较大的集团后，卢瑟福成为今天的耶和华见证人。 Their magazine, The Watchtower, has a circulation of over 64 million worldwide.他们的杂志，这座瞭望塔，有一个流通的超过6400万世界各地。
Following Russell's death in 1916 Judge Joseph Franklin Rutherford became the leader of the organization.以下罗素逝世于1916年，法官约瑟夫富兰克林卢瑟福成为领导该组织。 An able organizer, he developed the group into its present organization.一个有为的组织者，他发展了集团纳入其目前的组织。 Rutherford wrote over a hundred books and fundamentally shaped the group's theology.卢瑟福写了超过一百名的书籍，并从根本上改变了整个集团的神学。 He increased its hostility toward organized religion and developed a variety of highly successful missionary methods.他增加了敌视宗教组织，并制定了各种各样的非常成功的传教方法。 Rutherford, who was born in 1869, died in 1942, leaving behind an organization which has continued to grow at a remarkable rate.卢瑟福，她生于1869年，死于1942年，留下了一个组织的持续成长在一个了不起的速度。
In 1981 the Jehovah's Witnesses were shaken by a series of schisms which led to a large number leaving the organization. 1981年，耶和华见证人被震撼了一系列的分裂问题，而导致大批离开该组织。 The leader of the opposition to the Brooklyn headquarters group was Professor James Penton, a Canadian, whose family had been among Russell's earliest converts.反对党领袖向布鲁克林区的总部组教授詹姆斯聚氯，加拿大，其家人已其中罗素最早的转换。 Penton and those who sided with him sought to reemphasize the doctrine of justification by faith and return the group to its original interest in Bible study.聚氯以及那些片面与他试图再次强调中庸之道，因信称义，并返回该集团其原有的兴趣，圣经研究。 The intention of Penton and other Witnesses who shared his ideas appears to have been to reform the group from within.意图的聚氯和其他证人的人认同他的理念，似乎已到改革小组从内部产生。 The Brooklyn leadership strongly rejected their arguments and expelled anyone who supported their views.布鲁克林的领导，坚决拒绝了他们的论据和被驱逐的人表示支持他们的意见。 Although this division was a serious one, it appears that the majority of Witnesses remained within the official organization, which retained control over all of the group's assets.虽然这个师是一个严重的，但看来大多数的证人仍然在官方组织，它仍然控制了所有的集团资产。
As a religious organization the Jehovah's Witnesses are typical of many nineteenth century groups.作为一个宗教组织，耶和华见证人的，是典型的许多十九世纪的群体。 Although their theology bears some resemblance to that of the Arians in early church history, they are essentially a modern group strongly influenced by rationalism.虽然他们的神学熊有些相似，是由arians在早期教会历史上，他们基本上是一个现代集团的强烈影响理性主义。 Like many other new religions in the nineteenth century the Witnesses represent a strong reaction to the scientific world view.像其他许多新兴宗教在十九世纪的见证人代表强烈反应，以科学的世界观。 The rationalism of the group can be seen in their rejection of Trinitarian doctrines and traditional teachings about the person and work of Jesus Christ.理性的集团可以看出，在他们拒绝接受三位一体的教义和传统的教诲，对人与工作的耶稣基督。 Their rationalistic attitude toward the Bible comes out in their literal interpretation of prophecy and failure to appreciate the symbolic character of biblical language.他们的理性，实事求是的态度对待圣经出来，在其字面解释的预言并没有欣赏象征性质的圣经语言。 Their rejection of blood transfusions reflects this rejection of modern science as well as the extreme literalism of their exegesis.他们拒绝接受输血反映了这种排斥现代科学以及极端literalism自己的注释。
In attempting to justify their interpretation of Christianity and rejection of orthodoxy the Witnesses produced their own translation of the Bible, The New World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures and The New World Translation of the Hebrew Scriptures, in 1950.在试图证明自己的解释，基督教和排斥正统证人制作了自己的翻译圣经，新的世界翻译基督教希腊经文和新的世界翻译希伯莱经文，在1950年。 Although this work claims to be a translation, the Witnesses have yet to name the translators or prove their credentials as competent scholars.虽然这项工作，声称自己是一个翻译，证人尚未名称翻译或证明其全权证书，因为合格的学者。 What one finds in fact is a rendering of the Bible in terms of the theology of the organization.一，认定其实是一个绘制的圣经条款对神学的组织。
Probably the best introduction to the theology of the Jehovah's Witnesses is their book Let God Be True.大概是最好的介绍给神学的耶和华见证人的，是他们的著作让上帝是如此。 In addition to their rejection of the Christian doctrine of the Trinity they teach a number of distinct doctrines.此外，他们拒绝接受基督教教义的三位一体他们传授了一些独特的教义。 In their view the atonement is a ransom paid to the God Jehovah by Jesus Christ which removes the effects of Adam's sin, laying the foundation for a new righteousness and enabling men to save themselves by their good works.在他们看来赎罪是赎金支付给上帝耶和华以基督耶稣的去除效果亚当的罪过，奠定了良好的基础，为新义，使官兵救自己，他们的优秀作品。 They teach that Jesus was resurrected a divine spirit after offering this ransom to God.他们教导说，耶稣复活的神的精神后，开始提供这种赎金上帝。 At death humans either sleep until the resurrection or, if they are evil, suffer annihilation.在死亡的人要么睡觉，直到复活或者，如果他们是邪恶，遭受毁灭。
In their view Jesus Christ returned to earth spiritually in 1914 and is now proceeding to overthrow Satan's worldly organization and to establish a theocratic millennial kingdom. This kingdom will arrive in the near future with the battle of Armageddon. 他们认为耶稣返回地球精神上，在1914年，并正着手推翻撒旦的世俗组织，并建立一个神权千禧年王国，这王国将抵达，在不久的将来与战役决战。 After Armageddon true believers will be resurrected to a life on earth while a select group of 144,000 will rule in heaven with Christ.经过世界末日真正信教的人将被复活到一个地球上的生命，而一个专责组144000将统治在天堂与基督。 In addition to holding these doctrines Jehovah's Witnesses reject a professional ministry and, until recently, the idea of church buildings.除了举办这些学说耶和华见证人拒绝一个专业部，直到最近，这个想法盖教堂。 They are pacifists and call upon their members to have nothing to do with worldly politics.他们是和平主义者，并呼吁其成员已完全与世俗的政治。
Today there are over three million Witnesses worldwide.今天有300万个以上的证人。 They have an extensive missionary network throughout the world and operate in most countries.他们有广泛的传教网络整个世界，并在大多数国家。 In some places, particularly in Africa, the Witnesses have suffered severe persecution.在一些地方，特别是在非洲，证人都遭受了严重的迫害。 In others, especially North America, they are rapidly coming to resemble a religious denomination.在另一些国家，特别是北美，他们很快类似于宗教派别。
I Hexham
i将赫克瑟姆
(Elwell
Evangelical Dictionary) （ Elwell宣布了福音字典）
Bibliography
参考书目
WR Martin and N
Klawn, Jehovah of the Watch Tower; T Dencher, The Watch Tower versus the Bible;
J Penton, The End Delayed; A Hoekema, The Four Major Cults.西铁马丁和N klawn
，耶和华的观赏塔和t dencher ，观赏塔银两圣经; j聚氯，最终延误;赫克玛，四大教派。
Charles Taze Russell, b.查尔斯taze罗素，乙 Pittsburgh, Pa., Feb. 16, 1852, d.匹兹堡，宾夕法尼亚州， 1852年2月16日，四 Oct. 31, 1916, called Pastor Russell, was the first president of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania, the legal agency of Jehovah's Witnesses. 1916年10月31日，所谓的牧师罗素，是首任总统的手表塔圣经和呼吸道社会的宾夕法尼亚州，法律机构的耶和华见证人。 In 1870, at the age of 18, Russell began a systematic study of the Bible with a small group of associates.在1870年，当时年仅18岁的罗素开始系统地研究圣经与一小群同伙。 Becoming convinced of the imminence of Christ's millennial reign, he began to preach and spread his teachings, and in 1879 he founded the Watch Tower journal.成为信服的紧迫基督千年统治后，他开始公开传教和传播他的教义，并于1879年他创建了观赏塔杂志。 In 1884 he established the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society, of which he was president until his death.在1884年，他建立了观赏塔圣经和呼吸道社会，其中，他担任总统，直到他去世。 Notable among Russell's writings is a 6 volume collection, Millennial Dawn (1886 - 1904).其中值得注意的罗素的著作，是一个6卷收集，千年曙光（ 1886 -1 904） 。
Frederick W Franz冯瓦特的Franz
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