After he came into contact with a group headed by Henry Drummond which was devoted to eschatological speculations, Edward Irving began to preach the imminence of the Second Coming of Christ. His writings on Christ, in which he deemed the human nature of Christ as sinful, led to his excommunication (1830) and his expulsion from the ministry (1833).之后，他接触到一群为首的亨利杜蒙德是专门eschatological揣测，英国的爱德华欧文开始传教的紧迫耶稣第二次来，他的著作对基督的，其中他被视为人的本质的基督为罪孽深重，导致了他的禁教（ 1830 ） ，并开除他从信息产业部（ 1833 ） 。
In 1832 he joined with others in forming the Catholic Apostolic church.在1832年，他加入了与他人形成天主教使徒教会。 The members, known for a while as Irvingites, believed that the Second Coming was near and tried to restore the biblical organization of the church in preparation for Christ's return.位成员中，已知有一阵子，因为irvingites ，相信第二次来接近，并试图恢复圣经中的组织，教会，准备为基督的回报。 The movement was somewhat influential in Britain until 1900; it then spread to Europe and the United States.运动多少有点影响力在英国，直到1900年它，然后蔓延到欧洲和美国。 Membership in the church is about 50,000 at the present time, with over half of the members in Germany.会员在教会里约50000名，在当今时代，其中有超过一半的成员是在德国。
In 1870, at the age of 18, Charles Taze Russell, first president of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania (Jehovah's Witnesses) began a systematic study of the Bible with a small group of associates. Becoming convinced of the imminence of Christ's millennial reign, he began to preach and spread his teachings, and in 1879 he founded the Watch Tower journal.在1870年，当时年仅18岁的查尔斯taze罗素，首任总统的手表塔圣经和呼吸道社会的宾夕法尼亚（耶和华见证人） ，开始系统地研究圣经与一小群同伙。 变得信服的紧迫基督的千禧年间，他开始公开传教和传播他的教义，并于1879年他创建了观赏塔杂志。 Notable among Russell's writings is a 6 volume collection, Millennial Dawn (1886 - 1904).其中值得注意的罗素的著作，是一个6卷收集，千年曙光（ 1886 -1 904） 。
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Imminence is the doctrine that Christ can return at any moment and that no predicted event must intervene before that return. This view is held primarily by those who believe the church will be raptured before the seven year tribulation (also known as the seventieth week of Daniel). 紧迫的是中庸之道，基督能回到在任何时候，并没有预料的事件必须介入之前返回，这种观点是召开主要是由那些相信教会将raptured前七年磨难（也称为第七十周丹尼尔） 。 It is the view typically held by dispensational premillennialism.这是典型的观点持有dispensational premillennialism 。
Traditionally, most pretribulation rapturists have considered the imminence of Christ's return to be one of the strongest evidences that the rapture will occur before, rather than after, the tribulation.传统上，大多数pretribulation rapturists曾经考虑过的紧迫基督的回归是其中一个最强烈的证据，认为破裂将发生之前，而不是之后，磨难。 The argument runs like this: The NT presents Christ's return as a comforting hope (John 14; 1 Thess. 4:17 - 18; Titus 2:13; James 5:7 - 8).该说法违背了这样的：新台币介绍了基督的回报作为一个安慰的希望（约翰福音14 ： 1帖4时17分-1 8岁;弟兄2时1 3分;詹姆斯5点0 7分- 8） 。 Believers wait for Christ (1 Thess. 1:10) and are exhorted to watch and be sober (5:6); consequently, it is a purifying hope (1 John 3:1 - 3; cf. Rom. 13:11 - 12; 1 Pet. 4:7).信徒等候基督（ 1帖前1:10 ） ，并告诫，以观赏和清醒（ 5时06分） ，因此，它是一个纯洁的希望（ 1约翰3:1 -3 ;比照光盘。 1 3时1 1分- 12日， 1宠物。 4时07分） 。 If the hope is a blessed and comforting hope, no events of predicted trial and tribulation are expected to occur before Christ returns for the church.如果希望是一个有福了，并安慰的希望，没有任何事件的预言，审判和磨难，预计出现在基督之前回报教会。 Otherwise, believers would dread the approach of Christ's return because of the preceding events to be endured.否则，信徒们会害怕的做法基督的回报，因为前面的节目能忍受。
If Christ's return is the basis for exhortation to godly living, that return must be expected at any moment; events thought to be some distance away because of predicted intervening events do not serve well to promote purity and readiness.如果基督的回报是基础嘱咐，以神圣的生活，这回必须预期，在任何时刻，事件被认为有些距离，因为预言介入的事件并不好，以促进纯度和准备工作。 Finally, believers are exhorted to live in watchfulness and expectation of Christ's return, not of intervening events.最后，信徒们都告诫生活在警惕和期待基督的回报，而不是介入的事件。 According to pretribulationists, all these considerations imply that the event believers await is imminent, and a rapture that comes after a seven year tribulation cannot be imminent.据pretribulationists ，所有这些因素意味着一旦信徒等待的是即将到来，并提来后，七年磨难不能迫在眉睫。 Therefore the rapture must be pretribulational.因此破裂，必须pretribulational 。
Posttribulation rapturists reply by insisting that the passages in question only imply the believer's attitude of expectancy, but do not imply imminence. posttribulation rapturists答复，坚持认为通道问题，只意味着信奉的态度预期，但并不意味着已经迫在眉睫。 They also argue that the NT clearly implies certain necessary intervening events in the early church before Christ's return, such as time to carry out the Great Commission (Matt. 28:18 - 20; Acts 1:8) or the assurance to Peter he would reach old age (John 21:18 - 19; 2 Pet. 1:14).他们还争辩说，新台币显然意味着某些必要介入的事件，在早期教会的基督之前的回报，如时间，以进行大使命。 （ 28:18 -第2 0条;行径1 :8） ，或保证彼得，他将进入老年（约翰21时18分-1 92宠物。 1 :14） 。 Thus, for the NT church the exhortations to watch could not have implied imminence.所以，对新台币教会嘱托，看能不能有隐含的紧迫性。 Why, then, should they now?那么，为什么他们应该现在呢？
The doctrine of imminence has been most characteristic of pretribulation rapturists.该学说的紧迫性已被大多数的特点pretribulation rapturists 。 However, some who hold to a midseventieth week rapture accept at least a limited imminence by maintaining that the beginning of the seventieth week cannot be known.然而，一些持一midseventieth周破裂接受至少拥有一个有限的紧迫所保持的开始第七十星期不能众所周知的。 Also, those who either understand the tribulation or seventieth week to be already fulfilled or who spiritualize it can hold to the imminence of Christ's return.此外，那些要么了解磨难或第七十本周将已经履行或者spiritualize可扼守，以紧迫的基督的回报。 A few posttribulational premillennialists accept the imminence of Christ's return on this basis.数posttribulational premillennialists接受的紧迫基督的回报，在此基础上。 Amillennialists are hesitant dogmatically to espouse a strict imminence doctrine, but they do not subscribe to a seven year period necessarily occurring before Christ's return. amillennialists有些犹豫地坚持奉行严格的紧迫性学说，但他们不订阅了七年期间一定发生在基督之前的回报。 Though amillennialists are uncomfortable describing Christ's coming as strictly imminent, they do think it may be described as impending and as something the believer should always be ready and watchful for.虽然amillennialists很不舒服，描述基督的未来，作为严格迫在眉睫，他们认为这可以说是即将发生，并作为该信徒应该随时准备和警惕。
SN
Gundry锡冈德里
(Elwell Evangelical Dictionary)
（ Elwell宣布了福音字典）
Bibliography
参考书目
RH Gundry, The
Church and the Tribulation; GE Ladd, The Blessed Hope; JF Walvoord, The Blessed
Hope and the Tribulation and The Rapture
Question.铑冈德里，教会和磨难;葛雷德，有福了希望;怡富walvoord ，祝福，希望和磨难和破裂的问题。
Also,
see:此外，见：
Adventism
adventism
Millenarianism
millenarianism
London
(Westminster) Confession 伦敦（西敏寺）不打自招
Augsburg
Confession 奥格斯堡自白
Thirty-Nine
Articles 39条
Second
Coming of Christ 耶稣第二次来
Eschatology
末世
Dispensation,
Dispensationalism 配药，
dispensationalism
Last
Judgement 最后审判
Rapture,
Tribulation 破裂，磨难
Tribulation,
Great Tribulation 磨难，伟大的磨难
Also, an entirely
different concept is:同时，一个完全不同的概念是：
Divine
Immanence 神圣的内在
This subject presentation in the original English language这一主题演讲，在原有的英语
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