Evangelicalism evangelicalism

Evangelicalism is the term applied to a number of related movements within Protestantism. evangelicalism是一词应用到一些相关的动作与基督新教。 They are bound together by a common emphasis on what they believe to be a personal relationship with Jesus Christ and a commitment to the demands of the New Testament. Evangelicalism is usually associated with a type of preaching that calls on the hearer to confess his or her sin and believe in Christ's forgiveness.他们是联系在一起的共同重视，他们认为是一种个人的关系与耶稣基督，并承诺要求的新约圣经。 evangelicalism通常都与一类的说教，要求对聴供认他或她单，并相信在基督的宽恕。

During the late 17th century and throughout the 18th, Pietism was the mainspring of the so - called evangelical revival in Germany.在晚17世纪和整个十八， pietism是主要动力的，所以-所谓的福音复兴在德国。 Its counterpart in Great Britain and the United States was Methodism, which contributed to the series of revivals called the Great Awakening that swept 18th century America.对口大不列颠和美国methodism ，这有助于该系列的复苏被称为大觉醒席卷18世纪的美国。 The common purpose of evangelical movements was to revitalize the churches spiritually.共同目的是福音运动是为了振兴教会精神上的。 In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, Evangelicals in the Church of England - especially William Wilberforce and other members of the group known as the Clapham Sect - played a leading role in the movement to abolish slavery in the British colonies.在晚18世纪和19世纪之交，福音派，在英国教会-尤其是威廉威尔伯福斯和小组的其他成员则称之为和C lapham节-中发挥着主导作用，在运动，以废除奴隶制度在英国殖民地。

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Since about 1950 the term evangelical frequently has been applied in the United States to the inheritors and proponents of Fundamentalism.自1950年中期福音频繁，已用于在美国向继承者和倡议者的原教旨主义。

Paul Merritt Bassett保罗梅里巴塞特

Bibliography 参考书目
DG Bloesch, Essentials of Evangelical Theology (1982), and Freedom for Obedience (1987); JD Hunter, Evangelicism: The Comming Generation (1987); K Hylson - Smith, Evangelicals in the Church of England, 1734 - 1984 (1989); G Marsden, ed., Evangelicism and Modern America (1984).危险品bloesch ，本色的福音派神学（ 1982 ） ，和自由顺从（ 1987年） ;第纳尔猎人， evangelicism ：未来数代（ 1987年） ; k hylson -史密斯，福音派，在英国教会， 1 734- 19 84（1 9 89）;克马斯登版， evangelicism和现代美国（ 1984年） 。

Evangelicalism evangelicalism

Evangelicalism is a movement in modern Anglo-American Protestantism (and in nations influenced by Britain and North America) that emphasizes personal commitment to Christ and the authority of the Bible. evangelicalism是一种运动，在现代英美新教（在联合国的影响，北美和英国） ，强调个人的承诺，以基督的权威圣经。 It is represented in most Protestant denominations.这是代表了大多数新教教派。

Evangelicals believe that each individual has a need for spiritual rebirth and personal commitment to Jesus Christ as savior, through faith in his atoning death on the cross (commonly, although not necessarily, through a specific conversion experience).福音派相信，每一个人都需要重生和个人承诺，以耶稣基督为救世主，通过信仰，在他的atoning十字架上的死亡（常见的，虽然不一定是通过一个具体的转换经验） 。 They emphasize strict orthodoxy on cardinal doctrines, morals, and especially on the authority of the Bible.他们强调，严格正统在大是大非的教义，道德，特别是对权威的圣经。 Many Evangelicals follow a traditional, precritical interpretation of the Bible and insist on its inerrancy (freedom from error in history as well as in faith and morals).许多新教徒遵循传统， precritical解释圣经，并坚持其inerrancy （免于误差在历史上以及在信仰与道德） 。

The term Evangelicalism has been a source of controversy, and the precise relationship or distinction between Evangelicalism and Fundamentalism has been disputed.任期evangelicalism一直来源的争议，以及确切关系或区别evangelicalism和原教旨主义一直有争议。 Liberal Protestants often oppose the use of Evangelical to refer only to the strict traditionalists.自由新教徒常常反对用基督教来仅指严格传统。

In the general sense, evangelical (from the New Testament Greek euangelion,"good news") means simply pertaining to the Gospel.在一般意义上说，福音派（由新约圣经希腊新世纪福音战士， "好消息" ） ，就是简单地涉及到福音。 The word identified the early leaders of the Reformation, who emphasized the biblical message and rejected the official interpretation of dogma by the Roman Catholic church.字识别早期领导人的改革，他强调，圣经的信息，并拒绝接受官方的解释，教条，由罗马天主教教会。 Thus, Evangelical often simply means Protestant in continental Europe and in the names of churches elsewhere.因此，福音派，往往简单地理解基督教在欧洲大陆和在名字教会其他地方。 In Germany, it once identified Lutherans in contrast to the Reformed (Calvinist) churches.在德国，它一旦确定lutherans相反，改革后（ calvinist ）教堂。 Nevertheless, the large union body, the Evangelical Church in Germany, today encompasses most Protestants, whether Lutheran or Calvinist, liberal or conservative.不过，大联盟的团体，福音派教会在德国，今天涵盖大部分新教徒，无论是路德还是calvinist ，自由或更保守。 The term has also been applied to the Low Church wing of Anglicanism, which stresses biblical preaching, as opposed to sacramentalism and belief in the authority of church tradition.一词也被应用到低教会翼anglicanism ，讲圣经的说教，因为反对sacramentalism和信仰的权威，教会的传统。

Antecedents前因

Wesley's colleague and sometime disputant George Whitefield linked this English Evangelicalism with revivalism in the American colonies.韦斯利的同事和某个disputant乔治Whitefield的联系，这英语evangelicalism与复兴在美国的殖民地。 The Great Awakening developed about 1725, deepened with the preaching and writing of the Congregational minister Jonathan Edwards, and reached a peak after 1740 with Whitefield's preaching tours.伟大觉醒发达国家约17时25分，加深了与说教和写作的堂部长乔纳森爱德华兹，并达成了山顶后， 1740年同的Whitefield的说教旅行团。 A Second Awakening is often identified in the early 19th-century US, and other revivals followed.第二次觉醒往往是确定的，在早期的19世纪，美国和其他复苏之后。 The Evangelical label began to be applied to interdenominational efforts at outreach and the establishment of foreign missions.福音标签开始被应用于interdenominational努力外展，并设立外国使团。 Revivalism was typified by camp meetings and the itinerant ministries of such evangelists as Charles G. Finney and Dwight L. Moody.复兴，是典型的营地会议，并巡回各部委的这种传道士成为查尔斯g. finney和德怀特属穆迪。 Their outstanding 20th-century successor is Billy Graham, the leading figure in US Evangelicalism since World War II.他们出色的20世纪的继任者Billy Graham ，领导人物，在美国evangelicalism第二次世界大战以来。

The emergence of theological Modernism during the 19th century, particularly historical criticism of the Bible, produced a movement of reaction within many denominations.出现神学现代主义在19世纪，特别是史学批评的圣经，产生了运动的反应，许多教派。 From 1910 to 1915 conservative scholars produced a series of booklets entitled The Fundamentals, and in 1920 a conservative northern Baptist journal coined the designation Fundamentalist for the defenders of orthodoxy.从1910年至1915年保守的学者出版了一系列小册子，名为基本面，而在1920年是一个保守的北方浸信日报杜撰指定为原教旨主义捍卫者的正统。

The term Fundamentalism gradually came to designate only the most uncompromising and militant wing of the movement, however, and more moderate Protestant conservatives began to adopt the older designation of Evangelical. They created the National Association of Evangelicals in the US (1942) and the World Evangelical Fellowship (1951), the latter reviving an international body formed under Britain's Evangelical Alliance (founded 1846). 任期原教旨主义逐渐地候只有最不妥协的战斗联队的运动，但是，与较温和的基督教保守派开始采用旧指定的福音，他们创造了全国协会的福音派在美国（ 1942年）和世界福音团契（ 1951 ） ，后者振兴一个国际机构，成立了英国的福音派新教会联盟（ 1846年成立） 。 The constituencies of these bodies are largely outside the World and National Councils of Churches, but large numbers of Evangelicals exist within the mainstream ecumenical denominations.选区的这些机构基本上是外面世界和国家议会间教堂，但大批新教徒存在的主流基督教教派。

The largest US Protestant body, the Southern Baptist Convention, embraces Evangelical tenets; other components of Evangelicalism include Pentecostalists, the Charismatic Renewal (including its Roman Catholic wing), Arminian-Holiness churches, conservative confessionalists such as the Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod, and numerous black Baptists, as well as independent "faith missions" and interdenominational ministries such as Inter-Varsity Christian Fellowship, Campus Crusade for Christ, and World Vision.美国最大的新教团体，即美南浸信会的公约，包括福音信条;其它组件evangelicalism包括pentecostalists ，有魅力的重建（包括罗马天主教翼） ， arminian -圣洁的教堂，保守confessionalists如路德教会-密苏里州主教，并许多黑人浸信会，以及独立的"信仰的使命" ，并interdenominational部委如跨不自在基督徒团契，学园传道会，世界宣明会。 Current Evangelicalism bridges two elements that were, for the most part, antithetical in the 19th century, the doctrinaire conservatives and the revivalists.目前evangelicalism桥梁两个要素，分别为，在大多数情况下，对立的，在19世纪，教条保守派和revivalists 。

Evangelical educational materials are produced by a number of publishing houses, and such publications as Christianity Today are widely read.福音事工促进会，教材则是由若干家出版单位，而这些出版物作为基督教今天被广泛阅读。 Evangelical preachers have long made extensive use of radio broadcasts, and during the 1970s evangelical programs on television proliferated, reaching an audience of more than 20 million.福音派传教士早已广泛使用了广播，并在20世纪70年代福音电视节目激增，达到了观众20多万美元。 According to a recent estimate, there are about 157 million Evangelicals throughout the world, including about 59 million in the United States.根据最近的估计，大约有1.57亿福音派在世界各地，其中包括约59万人在美国。

Richard N. Ostling理查德12 ostling

Evangelicalism evangelicalism

Evangelicalism is the movement in modern Christianity, transcending denominational and confessional boundaries, that emphasizes conformity to the basic tenets of the faith and a missionary outreach of compassion and urgency. A person who identifies with it is an "evangelical," one who believes and proclaims the gospel of Jesus Christ. The word is derived from the Greek noun euangelion, translated as glad tidings, good or joyful news, or gospel (a derivative of the Middle English godspell, a discourse or story about God), and verb euangelizomai, to announce good tidings of or to proclaim as good news. evangelicalism是不结盟运动在现代基督教，超越宗派和教派界限，强调整合现有的基本原理的信仰和传教外展的同情心和紧迫感， 一个人认同，它是一个"福音" ，其中一个人相信并宣布福音的耶稣基督。一词来自希腊语名词新世纪福音战士，翻译为福音，是好是欢乐的消息，或福音（一衍生的中英文godspell ，一种话语或故事神） ，和动词euangelizomai ，宣布喜讯，或已宣布为一个好消息。 These appear nearly one hundred times in the NT and have passed into modern languages through the Latin equivalent evangelium.这些出现在近100倍，在新台币，并已通过成现代语言，通过拉丁语相当于evangelium 。

Biblically the gospel is defined in 1 Cor.圣经福音，是指在一肺心病。 15:1 - 4 as the message that Christ died for our sins, was buried, and rose again on the third day in fulfillment of the prophetic Scriptures and thereby provided the way of redemption for sinful humanity. 15:1 -4作为一个信息，就是基督的死，为我们的罪，被安葬，并再次上升，就在第三天，在履行该预言果然会念经，从而提供方式赎回，为罪孽深重的人类。 Three times the NT calls one who preaches the gospel an euangelistes (evangelist). 3倍新台币来电的人宣扬福音的一个euangelistes （传道者） 。

Theological Meaning神学意义

Evangelicals regard Scripture as the divinely inspired record of God's revelation, the infallible, authoritative guide for faith and practice.新教徒方面的经文作为神圣的纪录，上帝的启示，不会犯错误的，有权威的指导，为信仰和实践。 Inspiration is not mechanical dictation; rather, the Holy Spirit has guided the various biblical authors in their selection of words and meanings as they wrote about matters in their respective places and times.灵感不是机械式听写，而是圣灵引导各种圣经的作者在他们的选择词语和意义，因为他们写的事情在各自的地点和时间。 Thus the words and imagery are culturally conditioned, but God has nonetheless conveyed his eternal, unconditional Word through them.因此字与意象文化上的条件，但是上帝，但转达了他永恒的，无条件的字并通过他们。 The Scriptures are inerrant in all that they affirm and serve as the adequate, normative, and wholly reliable expression of God's will and purpose.圣经是inerrant在所有他们肯定，并作为充足的，规范性的，而且完全可靠的表达上帝的意志和目的。 But the heavenly teaching of the Bible is not self evident, and the guidance and illumination of the Holy Spirit is required to bring out the divine meaning embedded in the text and to apply it to our lives.但天朝教学的圣经是不言自明了，并指导和照明的圣灵必须带出了神圣的意义，根植于文本，并运用到我们的生活。

Denying the Enlightenment doctrine of man's innate goodness, evangelicals believe in the total depravity of man.否定启蒙主义的人的本性善良，福音派相信，在整体沉沦的人。 All the goodness that exists in human nature is tainted by sin, and no dimension of life is free from its effects.所有善良的存在，在人的本性是污点单，并没有任何层面的生活是不受其影响。 Man was originally created perfect; but through the fall sin entered the race, making man corrupt at the very core of his being, and this spiritual infection has been passed on from generation to generation.男子原本是创造十全十美的，不过，到秋季单进入竞赛，使男子腐败在很核心的他的长远福祉，这根精神感染已经通过，就一代一代传下去。 Sin is not an inherent weakness or ignorance but positive rebellion against God's law.单是不是一种固有的弱点或无知，而是积极反抗真主的法律。 It is moral and spiritual blindness and bondage to powers beyond one's control.这是道德和精神的盲目性和束缚的权力超越了一个人的控制。 The root of sin is unbelief, and its manifestations are pride, lust for power, sensuousness, selfishness, fear, and disdain for spiritual things.根单是不信者，其表现是感到骄傲，是权力欲， sensuousness ，自私，恐惧，和蔑视精神的东西。 The propensity to sin is within man from birth, its power cannot be broken by human effort, and the ultimate result is complete and permanent separation from the presence of God.该倾向以单是男子，从出生起，它的实力是不容破坏的人的努力，而且最终的结果是完全和永久的分离，由在场的上帝。

God himself provided the way out of the human dilemma by allowing his only Son, Jesus Christ, to assume the penalty and experience death on man's behalf.上帝本身提供了出路的人的困境，让他唯一的儿子，耶稣基督，承担罚款和经验，对死亡的人的代表。 Christ made atonement for sin on Calvary's cross by shedding his blood, thereby redeeming man from the power of spiritual death by dying in his place.基督作了赎罪单就calvary的十字架，换掉他的血液，从而挽救人，从权力的精神死刑死于他的位置。 Christ's substitutionary or vicarious atonement was a ransom for mankind's sins, a defeat of the powers of darkness, and a satisfaction for sin because it met the demand of God's justice.基督的替代或替代赎罪是赎金，为人类的罪孽，战败的权力黑暗，满意度为罪恶，因为它满足了需求，上帝的公义。 Then when Christ arose from the grave, he triumphed over death and hell, thus demonstrating the supremacy of divine power in a sin cursed world and laying the foundation for the eventual redemption of all creation from sin's corrupting influence.那么当基督出现严重的，他战胜了死亡和地狱，展现了至高无上的神圣权力，在一种罪过诅咒的世界，并奠定了良好的基础，为最终赎回所有的创造物，从单的败坏风气的影响力。 To affirm the atonement, Christians are called upon to bear witness by following their Lord in a life of demanding discipleship and bearing the burdens, sufferings, and needs of others.申明赎罪，基督徒呼吁见证，由下列主，在生活中，要求门徒承担相应的负担，痛苦，和他人的需要。

Evangelicals believe that salvation is an act of unmerited divine grace received through faith in Christ, not through any kind of penance or good works.福音派相信，救恩是一个行为unmerited神圣的恩典透过在基督里的信仰，而不是通过任何形式的忏悔或好的作品。 One's sins are pardoned, and one is regenerated (reborn), justified before God, and adopted into the family of God.一个人的罪过是赦免，一人则是再生（新生） ，正当上帝面前，并通过加入国际大家庭的上帝。 The guilt of sin is removed immediately, while the inward process of renewing and cleansing (sanctification) takes place as one leads the Christian life.他有罪，罪的，是立即拆除，而外来的过程中更新和清洗（成圣）的地方，作为一个领导基督徒的生活。 By grace believers are saved, kept, and empowered to live a life of service.由恩典的信徒都会被保存下来，保存，并有权过上的生活服务。

Heralding the Word of God is an important feature of evangelicalism.预示着上帝的话，是一个重要的一个特点evangelicalism 。 The vehicle of God's Spirit is the biblical proclamation of the gospel which brings people to faith.车神的精神是圣经宣布福音，使人们的信仰。 The written word is the basis for the preached word, and holy living is part of the process of witness, since life and word are inseparable elements of the evangelical message.文字是基础，为宣扬的一句话，和神圣的生活，是整个过程的一部分证人的，因为生命和Word是不可分割的组成部分的福音讯息。 Holiness involves not withdrawal from the world and detaching oneself from evil but rather boldly confronting evil and overcoming its effects both personally and socially.成圣涉及不会退出世界和拆卸自己从邪恶的，而是勇敢地面对邪恶，并克服其影响个人和社会。 In this fashion the church brings the lost to a knowledge of Christ, teaches the way of discipleship, and engages in meeting human needs.在此时装教会带来损失的，以知识的基督，教导的方式门徒，并从事满足人的需要。 Social service thus becomes both the evidence of one's faith and a preparation for the proclamation of the gospel.社会服务，从而成为双方证据的一个人的信念和准备宣布福音。 The preevangelism of works of mercy may be just as important as preaching itself in bringing people into the kingdom of God.该preevangelism工程的慈悲，可一样重要说教本身带来的人进入神的国度。

Finally, evangelicals look for the visible, personal return of Jesus Christ to set up his kingdom of righteousness, a new heaven and earth, one that will never end.最后，福音派寻找有形，个人归还耶稣基督成立他的王国义，一个新的天地，是一个永远不会结束。 This is the blessed hope for which all Christians long.这是有福了，希望为所有基督信徒长。 It will consummate the judgment upon the world and the salvation of the faithful.这将制约判决后，世界和救赎的信徒。

It should be stressed that these are special emphases of evangelicals and that they share many beliefs with other orthodox Christians.应当强调的是，这些都是特殊的侧重点新教徒和他们有许多共同的信仰与其他东正教基督徒。 Among them are the Trinity; Christ's incarnation, virgin birth, and bodily resurrection; the reality of miracles and the supernatural realm; the church as the body of Christ; the sacraments as effectual signs or means of grace; immortality of the soul; and the final resurrection.它们之中有三一;基督的化身，维尔京出生时，身体复活;现实的奇迹和超自然的境界;教会作为基督的身体;圣礼作为显效标志或手段的宽限期;灵魂和最后复活。 But evangelicalism is more than orthodox assent to dogma or a reactionary return to past ways.但evangelicalism较正统的核可，以教条或反动回到过去的方式。 It is the affirmation of the central beliefs of historic Christianity.这是肯定的，中央的信仰基督教的历史。

Historical Meaning历史意义

A recovery of the spiritual vigor of the Reformation resulted from three movements in the late seventeenth and the eighteenth centuries, German pietism, Methodism, and the Great Awakening.回收的精神活力的改革所造成的三个乐章中后期第十七和第十八世纪以来，德国pietism ， methodism ，伟大的觉醒。 Actually these were rooted in Puritanism with its strong emphasis on biblical authority, divine sovereignty, human responsibility, and personal piety and discipline.事实上，这些植根于清教与高度重视，对圣经的权威，神的主权，人的责任，以及个人的虔诚和纪律。 The pietism of Spener, Francke, and Zinzendorf stressed Bible study, preaching, personal conversion and sanctification, missionary outreach, and social action.该pietism的spener ， francke ，辛生铎夫强调，圣经研究，传道，个人转换和成圣后，其传教外联，与社会行动。 It directly influenced developments in Britain and America and laid the foundations for the later revival in Germany.它直接影响了发展，在英国和美国，并奠定了基础，为以后的复苏在德国。

To be sure, the Enlightenment had a chilling effect on spiritual movements, but this was countered by the Methodist revival of John and Charles Wesley and George Whitefield in Britain and the Great Awakening in America prior to the Revolution.可以肯定的是，启蒙了寒蝉效应对精神运动，但遭到反击，由循道卫理复兴约翰和查尔斯韦斯利和乔治Whitefield的，在英国和大觉醒，在美国事先向革命。 The new fervor spread within the Anglican Church at the end of the century where the "Evangelical" party of John Newton, William Wilberforce and his Clapham sect, and numerous others fought social ills at home and abroad and founded Bible and missionary societies.新的热潮蔓延圣公会在本世纪结束时，即"福音"党的约翰牛顿，威廉威尔伯福斯和他和Clapham节，以及许多其他人争取社会弊病，在国内外成立了圣经和传教事业的社会。 Similar developments occurred in the Scottish church under Thomas Chalmers and the Haldane brothers, while the Baptists, Congregationalists, and Methodists all created foreign mission agencies.类似的发展，发生在苏格兰教会根据托马斯查和haldane兄弟，而浸信会，称为"公理派" ，和卫理都创造了外国使团机构。 In Germany, where the old pietism had waned, a new wave of evangelical enthusiasm spread across the land, the Erweckung, which cross fertilized with British movements, while a parallel development occurred in France and Holland, the Reveil.在德国，在那里老pietism已减弱，新一波的福音热情蔓延神州大地， erweckung ，其中交叉受精与英国运动，而一个平行的发展发生在法国和荷兰， reveil 。

The nineteenth century was clearly the evangelical age. 19世纪显然是福音年龄。 The Anglican party, represented by such distinguished personalities as Lord Shaftesbury and William E Gladstone, occupied a central position in public life, while Nonconformist groups like the Baptists with their silver tongued orator Charles H Spurgeon and the Christian (Plymouth) Brethren reached many with the gospel.圣公会党所代表的这种杰出的人物，作为主地铁和威廉e格拉德斯通，占据中心地位，在公共生活中，而nonconformist团体如浸信会与银舌演说家查尔斯h司布真和基督教（普利茅斯）兄弟达成了许多与福音。 Other instances of British evangelical vitality included the YMCA founded by George Williams, the Salvation Army of Catherine and William Booth, the social ministries of George Mueller and Thomas Barnardo, the China Inland Mission of J Hudson Taylor, and the Keswick movement.其他的英国福音活力列入青年会创办的乔治威廉斯，救世军的凯瑟琳和威廉摊位外，社会各部委的乔治米勒和托马斯barnardo ，中国内陆的使命律政司哈德逊泰勒，以及敬诚运动。 In Germany were the Gemeinschaft (fellowship) movement, the charitable endeavors of JH Wichern, and the spiritual preaching of the Blumhardts, while in Holland the Calvinist theologian and political leader Abraham Kuyper had a major impact.在德国人的生命共同体（金）运动，慈善事业的JH的维歇恩和精神文明说教的blumhardts ，而在荷兰的calvinist神学家和政治领袖亚伯拉罕kuyper产生了重大影响。

In America revivalism was the hallmark of evangelical religion.在美国复兴，是标志性的福音派宗教。 The urban efforts of Charles Finney and DL Moody as well as rural and frontier movements among the Baptists, Methodists, Disciples of Christ, and Presbyterians and the growth of holiness perfectionism all helped to transform the nation's religious landscape.市区的努力查尔斯finney和DL穆迪以及农村和边疆的变动之中浸信会，卫理，弟子的基督，并presbyterians ，而且增长的圣德完美主义都有助于把国家的宗教景观。 Evangelicalism reached to the grass roots of white America, while the black community, in both slavery and freedom, was sustained and held together by its churches, which expressed a deep, personal evangelical faith. evangelicalism达成到基层的美国白人，而黑人社区中，无论是奴役和自由，维持，并一起举行，由它的教堂，它表达了深刻的，个人的福音派信仰。 Evangelicalism shaped the nation's values and civil religion and provided the vision of America as God's chosen people. evangelicalism塑造了民族的价值观和民间宗教，并提供视觉美国作为上帝的子民。 Political leaders publicly expressed evangelical convictions and suppressed non Protestant and "foreign" elements who did not share in the national consensus.政治领袖公开表示福音的信念和打压非基督教的"洋"分子不同意，在全国的共识。 Not only unbelief but also social evil would be purged, and revivalism provided the reforming vision to create a righteous republic.不仅不信，而且也要注重社会邪恶，将整肃，以及复兴提供了改革的视野，以营造一个正义的共和国。 The antislavery and temperance campaigns, innumerable urban social service agencies, and even the nascent women's movements were facets of this.该antislavery和禁酒运动，无数的城市社会服务机构，甚至新生的妇女运动的人的层面。

The Protestant nations of the North Atlantic region shared in the great foreign missionary advance that carried the gospel to every corner of the earth, and before long the evangelical revivals that had repeatedly swept the Western world began to occur in Africa, Asia, and Latin America as well.新教国家的北大西洋地区分享在大外国传教士事先进行了福音，以地球每个角落，而且没多久福音复苏表示，曾多次席卷西方世界开始发生在非洲，亚洲，和拉丁美洲以及。 The Evangelical Alliance was formed in London in 1846 to unite Christians (but not churches or denominations as such) in promoting religious liberty, missions, and other common interests.福音派联盟在伦敦成立于1846年，以团结基督徒（但不包括教会或面额等） ，在促进宗教信仰自由，任务，内容和其他共同利益。 National alliances were formed in Germany, the United States, and many other countries.国家联盟成立于德国，美国和其他许多国家。 In 1951 the international organization was replaced by the new World Evangelical Fellowship.在1951年该国际组织所取代，新的世界福音团契。

The Twentieth Century二十世纪

The bloodbath of World War I shattered the optimistic, postmillennial vision of ushering in the kingdom of God as soon as the hold of social evil was broken at home and the Great Commission of carrying the gospel to all parts of the globe was fulfilled.流血的世界一战，粉碎了乐观的， postmillennial远景迎来了神的国度，尽快掌握社会邪恶被打破在家和伟大委员会进行了福音到世界所有终得完成。 Emerging from the struggle against theological liberalism and the social gospel in Britain and North America was a narrow fundamentalism that internalized the Christian message and withdrew from involvement in the world.摆脱斗争神学自由主义和社会福音在北美和英国，是一种狭隘的原教旨主义内部基督教信息，并退出了参与世界。 In addition, communism in the Soviet Union, nazism in Germany, and secularism throughout the world contributed to declining church attendance and interest in Christianity in general.此外，共产主义在苏联，纳粹主义在德国，和政教分离整个世界作出贡献的下降，参加聚会和兴趣，基督教在一般。

After World War II things turned around dramatically.二战结束后，事情扭转急剧变化。 Foreign missionary endeavors, Bible institutes and colleges, works among university students, and radio and literature ministries blossomed, while the evangelistic campaigns of the youthful Billy Graham had a global impact.外籍宣教事业，圣经研究机构和高校，其中工程大学的学生，以及无线电和文学部委开花，而福音运动的青春Billy Graham时产生了全球性的影响。 A party of "conservative evangelicals" emerged in Britain and Evangelikaler in Germany, and their strength was reflected in such developments as the National Evangelical Anglican Congress and the German based Conference of Confessing Fellowships.一方的"保守福音派" ，出现在英国和evangelikaler在德国，他们的实力是体现在这些发展为全国基督教圣公会代表大会和德国研究机构会议的供认奖学金。 In the United States the foundation of the National Association of Evangelicals (1942), Fuller Theological Seminary (1947), and Christianity Today (1956) were significant expressions of the "new evangelicalism," a term coined by Harold J Ockenga in 1947.在美国的立党之本，全国协会的新教徒（ 1942 ） ，更充分地神学院（ 1947年） ，基督教今天（ 1956年）均显着意向书， "新evangelicalism ， "一任创造哈罗德j奥肯加于1947年。

The new or "neo" evangelicalism took issue with the older fundamentalism.新的或"新保守主义" evangelicalism了问题，与老原教旨主义。 Ockenga argued that it had a wrong attitude (a suspicion of all who did not hold every doctrine and practice that fundamentalists did), a wrong strategy (a separatism that aimed at a totally pure church on the local and denominational levels), and wrong results (it had not turned the tide of liberalism anywhere nor had it penetrated with its theology into the social problems of the day).奥肯加争辩说，它有一个错误的态度（怀疑一切，他们没有举行每理论和实践证明，原教旨主义没有） ，一个错误的策略（一分裂主义，目的是找到一种完全纯堂，对本地和教会水平） ，以及错误的结果（但并没有扭转了自由主义的任何地方也没有侵入其神学成为社会问题的当天） 。 Edward J Carnell maintained further that fundamentalism was orthodoxy gone cultic because its convictions were not linked with the historic creeds of the church and it was more of a mentality than a movement.爱德华j carnell保持进一步指出，原教旨主义的正统了邪教，因为它被法庭定罪的个案并没有联系在一起的历史教义的教会和它更多的是一种精神状态比一场运动。 Carl FH Henry insisted that fundamentalists did not present Christianity as an overarching world view but concentrated instead on only part of the message.卡尔跳频亨利坚持认为，原教旨主义没有出席基督教作为一个首要的世界观，但集中而是只有部分的讯息。 They were too otherworldly, anti intellectual, and unwilling to bring their faith to bear upon culture and social life.它们太otherworldly ，反智慧，并不愿意把他们的信仰，以承担后，文化和社会生活等。

Although the new evangelicalism was open to ecumenical contacts, rejected excessive legalism and moralism, and revealed serious interest in the social dimension of the gospel, many of its spokespersons remained tied to the political and economic status quo.虽然新evangelicalism开放合一接触后，拒绝过度法家和道德主义，揭示了严重的利益，在社会层面的福音，它的很多代言人仍然是绑在政治和经济现状。 Groups of more "radical" Christians within mainstream evangelicalism, eg, the Chicago Declaration of 1973, the Sojourners Community, and the British Shaftesbury Project, began calling attention to needs in this area.群体更多的"激进派"的基督徒主流evangelicalism ，例如，芝加哥宣言1973年， sojourners社会的贡献，以及英国地铁工程，就开始呼吁注意这方面的需要。 As more attention was given to defining an evangelical, it became clear that the numbers were far greater than had been believed.随着越来越多的注意的是，以确定一个福音，它成为数目，显然被远远大于一直相信。 But the variations among the groups, Mennonites, Holiness, Charismatics, Christian Brethren, Southern Baptists, black churches, separatist - fundamentalists, "nondenominational" bodies, and evangelical blocs within the traditional denominations, were enormous and probably unbridgeable.但各国之间的差异的群体，门诺教派，圣德， charismatics ，基督教弟兄们，美南浸信会，黑人教堂，分裂主义-原教旨主义" ， n ondenominational"组织的成员，以及福音派阵营内部的传统面额的，是十分巨大，可能是不可逾越的。

Nevertheless, evangelical ecumenism has proceeded apace.然而，福音派基督信仰合一已经开始加速发展。 The Billy Graham organization has been a major catalyst, especially in calling the World Congress on Evangelism (Berlin, 1966) and the International Congress on World Evangelization (Lausanne, 1974).该比利格雷厄姆组织已经成为一个重要的催化剂，特别是在呼唤世界大会上宣讲福音（柏林， 1966年）和国际大会对世界的福传工作（洛桑， 1974年） 。 The subsequent consultations sponsored by the Lausanne committee together with the activities of the World Evangelical Fellowship and the regional organizations formed by evangelicals in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and Europe have done much to foster closer relations and cooperative efforts in evangelism, relief work, and theological development.随后的协商会议由洛桑委员会一起活动的世界福音团契及区域组织形成的新教徒在非洲，亚洲，拉丁美洲和欧洲都做了大量工作，以促进更密切的关系和合作努力，在传道，救灾工作，与神学的发展。 With the indigenization of mission society operations, the multinational character of relief and evangelistic organizations, and the sending of missionaries by people in Third World countries themselves, evangelicalism has now come of age and is truly a global phenomenon.与本土化的社会使命和行动中，多国性质的救济和福音组织，并派遣传教士的人在第三世界国家本身， evangelicalism现在已到了对年龄和确实是一个全球性的现象。

RV Pierard风疹病毒皮耶拉尔
(Elwell Evangelical Dictionary) （ Elwell宣布了福音字典）

Bibliography 参考书目
BL Ramm, The Evangelical Heritage; DF Wells and JD Woodbridge, The Evangelicals; DG Bloesch, Essentials of Evangelical Theology, and The Evangelical Renaissance; KS Kantzer, eds., Evangelical Roots; KS Kantzer and SN Gundry, eds., Perspectives on Evangelical Theology; M Erickson, New Evangelical Theology; BL Shelley, Evangelicalism in America; JD Woodbridge, MA Noll, NO Hatch, The Gospel in America; WG McLoughlin, ed., The American Evangelicals; DW Dayton, Discovering an Evangelical Heritage; TL Smith, Revivalism and Social Reform; DO Moberg, The Great Reversal: Evangelism and Social Concern; GM Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture; DE Harrell, Varieties of Southern Evangelicalism; JBA Kessler, A Study of the Evangelical Alliance in Great Britain; RO Ferm, Cooperative Evangelism; JRW Stott, Fundamentalism and Evangelism; RH Nash, The New Evangelicalism; CFH Henry, Evangelicals in Search of Identity, The Uneasy Conscience of Modern Fundamentalism, A Plea for Evangelical Demonstration, and Evangelicals at the Brink of Crisis;基本法» [ ，福音遗产;测向井和JD伍德布里奇，新教徒;品bloesch ，本色的基督教神学，福音派复兴;棨森kantzer合编，福音根;棨森kantzer和SN冈德里合编，对福音神学;米埃里克森，新福音派神学;基本法雪莱， evangelicalism在美国;第纳尔伍，马精灵，没有孵化，福音在美国;小组mcloughlin ，版，在美国福音派; DW的代顿，发现是一个福音遗产;铊史密斯，复兴和社会改革;做莫葛博士，伟大的逆转：传道和社会的关注，通用汽车马斯登认为，原教旨主义和美国文化;德哈勒尔，品种南部evangelicalism ;向Jba凯斯勒，研究福音派联盟在大不列颠;滚装ferm ，合作传道; jrw斯托特，原教旨主义和传道;铑纳什，新evangelicalism ; cfh亨利，福音派，在搜索的身份，良心不安的现代原教旨主义，呼吁福音示威，以及新教徒在濒临危机边缘;

RV Pierard, The Unequal Yoke: Evangelical Christianity and Political Conservatism; R Quebedeaux, The Young Evangelicals; R Webber and D Bloesch, eds., The Orthodox Evangelicals; RE Webber, Common Roots: A Call to Evangelical Maturity; RG Clouse, RD Linder, and RV Pierard, eds., The Cross and the Flag; SE Wirt, The Social Conscience of the Evangelical; RJ Sider, ed., The Chicago Declaration; CE Armerding, ed., Evangelicals and Liberation; MA Inch, The Evangelical Challenge; RK Johnston, Evangelicals at an Impasse: Biblical Authority in Practice; J Johnston, Will Evangelicalism Survive Its Own Popularity?风疹病毒皮耶拉尔，不平等的枷锁：福音派基督教与政治保守主义与r quebedeaux ，这位年轻的新教徒与r韦伯和D bloesch合编，东正教新教徒;重新韦伯，共同的根源：打电话给福音成熟的RG clouse ，路linder及RV皮耶拉尔合编，十字架上的国旗;硒wirt ，社会良知的福音;的RJ sider ，版，芝加哥宣言;策armerding ，版，新教徒和人民解放;马英寸，福音派挑战;在RK约翰斯顿，新教徒处于僵局：圣经的权威，在实践中; j庄士敦，将evangelicalism生存自己的人气？ J Barr, Fundamentalism; R P Lightner, Neoevangelicalism Today; JC King, The Evangelicals; JI Packer, ed., Anglican Evangelicals Face the Future; JD Douglas, ed., Let the Earth Hear His Voice: International Congress on World Evangelization; CR Padilla, ed., The New Face of Evangelicalism; DE Hoke, ed., Evangelicals Face the Future. j巴尔，原教旨主义与r p lightner ， neoevangelicalism今天;时三十分国王，新教徒;纪封隔器，编辑，英国圣公会福音派，面对未来;第纳尔道格拉斯版，让大地听到他的声音：国际大会，世界的福传工作;铬帕迪拉，版，以崭新面貌evangelicalism ;德hoke ，版，福音派，面对未来。

Evangelist传道者

Evangelist, lit., "a messenger of good" (eu, "well," angelos, "a messenger"), denotes a "preacher of the gospel," Acts 21:8; Eph.传道，亮着， "信使良好" （欧盟， "很好" angelos ， "信使" ） ，是指一个"传道者的福音， "行为21时08分;厄。 4:11, which makes clear the distinctiveness of the function in the churches; 2 Tim. 4时11分，这说明了独特的功能，在教堂2添。 4:5. 4时05分。 Cf.比照。 euangelizo, "to proclaim glad tidings," and euangelion, "good news, gospel." euangelizo " ，以宣告福音， "新世纪福音战士"的好消息，福音" 。 Missionaries are "evangelists," as being essentially preachers of the gospel.传教士是"传道士" ，被认为基本上是宣扬福音。

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