(Gr. oikonomia, "management," "economy"). （ gr. oikonomia ， "管理" ， "经济" ） 。 (1.) The method or scheme according to which God carries out his purposes towards men is called a dispensation. There are usually reckoned three dispensations, the Patriarchal, the Mosaic or Jewish, and the Christian. These were so many stages in God's unfolding of his purpose of grace toward men. （ 1件）的方法或计划，根据该神履行他的目的，对男人是所谓的免除， 因此通常都忽视三个dispensations ，宗法，马赛克或犹太教和基督教，这些人这么多阶段，在上帝的开展他的目的是恩典，对男人。 The word is not found with this meaning in Scripture.这个词是没有找到这个意义经文。 (2.) A commission to preach the gospel (1 Cor. 9:17; Eph. 1:10; 3:2; Col. 1:25). （ 2 ）一个委员会来传福音（ 1肺心病。 9时17分;以弗所书1:10 ; 3:2 ;上校25 ） 。 Dispensations of Providence are providential events which affect men either in the way of mercy or of judgement. dispensations的普罗维登斯是天赐的事件，影响官兵无论是在道路的怜悯或判断的问题。
(Easton Illustrated Dictionary) （伊斯顿说明字典）
The Greek words, used about twenty times in the NT, mean "to manage, regulate, administer, and plan the affairs of a household."希腊文中，用了大约20倍，在新界区，是指"来管理，规范网络，管理网络，并计划在国际事务中的一个家庭" 。 This concept of human stewardship is illustrated in Luke 16:1 - 2, where the ideas of responsibility, accountability, and the possibility of change are detailed.这个概念的人的领导体现在路加福音16:1 -2 ，凡思想的责任，问责制，并改变的可能性十分详尽。 In other occurrences (Eph. 1:10; 3:2, 9; Col. 1:25) the idea of divine stewardship is prominent, ie, an administration or plan being accomplished by God in this world.在其他事件（以弗所书1:10 ; 3:2 ， 9岁;上校25 ）的思想，神的指导，是突出的，即一个政府，或者计划正在完成由上帝在这个世界上。
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The concept of progressive revelation does not negate the unity of the Bible but recognizes the diversity of God's unfolding revelation as essential to the unity of his completed revelation. 观念的逐渐启示并不否定统一的圣经，但也承认多样性，上帝的启示展现作为必不可少的团结，他完成了启示。
Applying this hermeneutical principle leads dispensationalism to distinguish God's program for Israel from his program for the church.运用这一诠释学的原则，导致dispensationalism分辨上帝的纲领，为以色列从他的节目，为教会。 Thus the church did not begin in the OT but on the day of Pentecost, and the church is not presently fulfilling promises made to Israel in the OT that have not yet been fulfilled.因此，教会并没有展开，在城市旅游局，但对五旬节，教会目前还不能履行所作出的承诺，以以色列在城市旅游局表示，尚未得到履行。
The basis of salvation in every dispensation is the death of Christ; the requirement for salvation in every age is faith; the object of faith is the true God; but the content of faith changes in the various dispensations. To affirm a sameness in the content of faith would of necessity deny progressiveness in revelation. 根据救国每省却是死的基督;要求救亡在每个时代，是信仰;对象的信仰是真上帝，但其内容，信仰的变化，在各种dispensations 。申明共同性在内容信仰会的必要性否定先进性的启示。 Nondispensationalists may sometimes be guilty of reading the NT back into the OT in order to be able to achieve a uniformity in the content of faith. nondispensationalists有时可能是有罪的阅读新台币重新纳入城市旅游局为了能够实现均匀的内容信念。
Though there are several branches of ultra dispensationalism, they are characterized by teaching the existence of two churches within the book of Acts.虽然有几支超dispensationalism ，其特点是教学中存在着两个教会内部预订行为。 One was the Jewish church which began at Pentecost and ended when the second, the body of Christ church, began with the ministry of the apostle Paul at either Acts 9, 13, or 28).一个是犹太人教堂开始，在圣神降临和结束时，第二，基督的身体教会，就开始与建设部使徒保罗购买行为9 ， 13 ，或28 ） 。 Ultradispensationalists often do not practice water baptism but usually observe the Lord's Supper. ultradispensationalists往往不修炼水的洗礼，但通常遵循主的晚餐。
CC
Ryrie消委会ryrie
(Elwell Evangelical Dictionary)
（ Elwell宣布了福音字典）
Bibliography
参考书目
CB Bass,
Backgrounds to Dispensationalism; DP Fuller, Gospel and Law; CN Kraus,
Dispensationalism in America; CC Ryrie, Dispensationalism Today; E Sauer, From
Eternity to Eternity; CI Scofield, ed., The New Scofield Reference Bible.
cb低音，背景dispensationalism ;民主党更充分，福音和法律;架CN克劳斯dispensationalism在美国;消委会ryrie ，
dispensationalism今天电子商务sauer ，从永恒到永恒;词史高菲，版，新的史高菲参考圣经。
Dispensation
primarily signifies "the management of a household or of household affairs"
(oikos, "a house," nomos, "a law"); then the management or administration of the
property of others, and so "a stewardship," Luke 16:2-4; elsewhere only in the
epistles of Paul, who applies it省却主要标志"管理一个家庭或家庭事务" （诗节" ，一所房子， " nomos
"法" ） ，届时经营或管理他人的财产，因此， "领导" ，路加福音16 :2 - 4 ;别处只在教会中提供确凿的证据，它适用
Note: A "dispensation" is not a period or epoch (a common, but erroneous, use of the word), but a mode of dealing, an arrangement, or administration of affairs. Cf.附注： "配药" ，是不是一个时期或时代（一种常见的，但错误的，使用的字眼） ，而是一种模式处理，安排，或管理的事务。比照。 oikonomos, "a steward," and oikonomeo, "to be a steward." oikonomos ， "管家" ， oikonomeo ， "是一个管家" 。
(Latin dispensatio) （拉丁语dispensatio ）
Dispensation is an act whereby in a particular case a lawful superior grants relaxation from an existing law.省却是一个行为，在某一特定情况下，合法上级补助放宽，从现行法律。 This article will treat:这篇文章将处理：
I. Dispensation in General;一，省却一般;
II.二。 Matrimonial Dispensations.婚姻dispensations 。
For dispensations from vows see VOWS and RELIGIOUS ORDERS; and from fasting and abstinence, FAST, ABSTINENCE.为dispensations从誓言见誓言和宗教命令，以及由禁食和禁欲，快速，禁欲。
I. DISPENSATION IN GENERAL一，省却一般
Dispensation differs from abrogation and derogation, inasmuch as these suppress the law totally or in part, whereas a dispensation leaves it still in vigour; and from epikeia, or a favourable interpretation of the purpose of the legislator, which supposes that he did not intend to include a particular case within the scope of his law, whereas by dispensation a superior withdraws from the power of the law a case which otherwise would fall under it.省却不同于废除和减损，因为这些压制法或全部或部分，而一个省却树叶，它仍然干劲，并从epikeia ，还是一个有利的解释，目的是立法者，这是支撑他不打算包括某一特定案件的范围，他的律师，而由省却上级退出权力的法律案件，否则将属于它。 The raison d'être for dispensation lies in the nature of prudent administration, which often counsels the adapting of general legislation to the needs of a particular case by way of exception.该存在的理由，为省却在于，在性质上的审慎政府，因为这往往律师的适应一般立法，以满足某一特定个案的方式例外。 This is peculiarly true of ecclesiastical administration.这是独有的真实的教会管理。 Owing to the universality of the Church, the adequate observance by all its members of a single code of laws would be very difficult.由于普遍性的教会，充分遵守其所有成员的一个单一的法典将是非常困难的。 Moreover, the Divine purpose of the Church, the welfare of souls, obliges it to reconcile as far as possible the general interests of the community with the spiritual needs or even weaknesses of its individual members.此外，神的目的，教会，福利的心灵，迫使它调和尽量的整体利益，社会与精神需求，甚至弱点，其个别成员。 Hence we find instances of ecclesiastical dispensations from the very earliest centuries; such early instances, however, were meant rather to legitimize accomplished facts than to authorize beforehand the doing of certain things.因此，我们寻找的事例教会dispensations从最初几百年，这样的事例早，但意思，而不是为了完成合法化的事实比授权事前该做的一些事情。 Later on antecedent dispensations were frequently granted; as early as the eleventh century Yves of Chartres, among other canonists, outlined the theory on which they were based.后来前因dispensations频频被理所当然;早在公元11世纪yves的chartres ，除其他canonists ，勾画了理论与其所依据的。 With reference to matrimonial dispensations now common, we meet in the sixth and seventh centuries with a few examples of general dispensations granted to legitimize marriages already contracted, or permitting others about to be contracted.参考婚姻dispensations现在常见的，我们举行了第六届和第七届百年同几个例子，一般dispensations给予合法化的婚姻已经收缩，或允许他人即将签约。 It is not, however, until the second half of the eleventh century that we come upon papal dispensations affecting individual cases.是不是，但是，直到下半年， 11世纪，我们来当教皇dispensations影响个别案件。 The earliest examples relate to already existing unions; the first certain dispensation for a future marriage dates from the beginning of the thirteenth century.最早的例子都与已经存在的职工;第一某些省却为日后结婚日期，从一开始的13世纪。 In the sixteenth century the Holy See began to give ampler faculties to bishops and missionaries in distant lands; in the seventeenth century such privileges were granted to other countries.在16世纪，罗马教廷开始让位于丰厚医学院的主教和传教士在遥远的国度，在17世纪，这种特权的人获得到其他国家。 Such was the origin of the ordinary faculties (see FACULTIES, CANONICAL) now granted to bishops.这是原产地的普通院系（见院系，典型） ，现在授予主教。
(1) Kinds of Dispensation （ 1 ）种省却
(a) A dispensation may be explicit, tacit, or implicit, according as it is manifested by a positive act, or by silence under circumstances amounting to acquiescence, or solely by its connexion with another positive act that presupposes the dispensation. （一）免除可以明确的，默契，或隐，据，因为它具体表现就是一个积极的行为，或以沉默的情况下，相当于默许，或者仅由它的连接与另一个积极的行为假定省却。
(b) It may be granted in foro interno, or in foro externo, according as it affects only the personal conscience, or conscience and the community at large. （二）是否可准予在论坛内部，或在对外贸易论坛，据，因为这将影响只是个人的良心，良知和社会的广泛赞誉。 Although dispensations in foro interno are used for secret cases, they are also often granted in public cases; hence they must not be identified with dispensations in casu occulto.虽然dispensations在论坛内部是用于秘密的情况下，他们也往往给予公众的案件，因而决不能等同于dispensations此处occulto 。
(c) A dispensation may be either direct or indirect, according as it affects the law directly, by suspending its operation, or indirectly, by modifying the object of the law in such a way as to withdraw it from the latter's control. （三）免除既可以是直接的还是间接的，根据，因为它影响到法律的直接，中止其运行，或间接，通过修改对象的法律以这样一种方式把它撤销，由后者控制的。 For instance, when a dispensation is granted from the matrimonial impediment of a vow, the pope remits the obligation resulting from the promise made to God, consequently also the impediment it raised against marriage.举例来说，当一个省却是理所当然的，由婚姻障碍的壮志激情，教宗职权的义务，导致所作出的承诺，以神，因此也阻碍了它提出了反对婚姻。
(d) A dispensation may be in formâ gratiosâ, in formâ commissâ, or in formâ commissâ mixtâ. （四）免除可能在formâ gratiosâ ，在formâ commissâ ，或在formâ commissâ mixtâ 。 Those of the first class need no execution, but contain a dispensation granted ipso facto by the superior in the act of sending it.那些一流的需要，没有执行能力，但含有免除理所当然的事实本身，由上级法派。 Those of the second class give jurisdiction to the person named as executor of the dispensation, if he should consider it advisable; they are, therefore, favours to be granted.对于第二类给管辖范围内的人，命名为执行人的豁免，如果他认为这是可取的，他们都是，因此，优待予以批准。 Those of the third class command the executor to deliver the dispensation if he can verify the accuracy of the facts for which such dispensation is asked; they seem, therefore, to contain a favour already granted.对于第三级指挥遗嘱执行人提供配药，如果他可以证明，精确的事实，而这种豁免是问，他们看似庞大，因此，要遏制一种恩惠，已经是理所当然的。 From the respective nature of each of these forms of dispensation result certain important consequences that affect delegation, obreption, and revocation in the matter of dispensations (see DELEGATION; OBREPTION; REVOCATION).从各自的性质，分别为这些形式的免除因某些重要的后果，影响到代表团， obreption ，并撤销在这件事的dispensations （见代表团; obreption ;撤销） 。
(2) The Dispensing Power （ 2 ）配药权
It lies in the very notion of dispensation that only the legislator, or his lawful successor, can of his own right grant a dispensation from the law.它是在非常概念省却只有立委，或他的合法继任人，可他自己的权利，给予免除法律。 His subordinates can do so only in the measure that he permits.他的下属可以这样做不仅是在衡量他的许可证。 If such communication of ecclesiastical authority is made to an inferior by reason of an office he holds, his power, though derived, is known as ordinary.如果此类传播的教会权威，是一个劣势，因一个办事处，他认为，他的权力，虽然所得，是被称为普通。 If it is only given him by way of commission it is known as delegated power.如果它仅仅是给了他的方式，佣金的，它是被称为下放权力。 When such delegation takes place through a permanent law, it is known as delegation by right of law.当这种代表团透过一个常设的法律，这是众所周知的，因为代表团的权利的规定。 It is styled habitual, when, though given by a particular act of the superior, it is granted for a certain period of time or a certain number of cases.这是风格的惯性，时，虽然所给予的某一特定行为的上级，这是理所当然的，为在某一段时间内或某一个案件数目。 Finally, it is called particular if granted only for one case.最后，它被称为尤其是如果政府只批准为一个案件。 When the power of dispensation is ordinary it may be delegated to another unless this be expressly forbidden.当权力省却是普通的，它可委托给另一除非这个被明文禁止的。 When it is delegated, as stated above, it may not be subdelegated unless this be expressly permitted; exception is made, however, for delegation ad universitatem causarum ie for all cases of a certain kind, and for delegation by the pope or the Roman Congregations.当它被授予的，正如上文所述，它可能不是subdelegated除非这个明文准许;例外，但是，对于代表团专案universitatem causarum即所有案件某一种，并为代表团由教皇或罗马教区。 Even these exceptions do not cover delegations made because of some personal fitness of the delegate, nor those in which the latter receives, not actual jurisdiction to grant the dispensation, but an appointment to execute it, eg in the case of dispensations granted in formâ commissâ mixtâ (see above).即使这些例外并不涵盖代表团发了言，因为我个人的一些健身的代表，也不在其中后者获得，而不是实际的管辖范围内给予豁免，但预约来执行它，例如，在案件dispensations授予formâ commissâ mixtâ （见上文） 。
The power of dispensation rests in the following persons:权力省却在于下列人士：
(A) The Pope （一）教宗
He cannot of his own right dispense from the Divine law (either natural or positive).他不能他自己的权利，免除从神权法（无论是自然人或阳性） 。 When he does dispense, eg from vows, oaths, unconsummated marriages, he does so by derived power communicated to him as Vicar of Christ, and the limits of which he determines by his magisterium, or authoritative teaching power.当他是否免除，例如从誓言，宣誓，未完成的婚姻，他这样做所产生的力量传达给他，作为副主教的基督和限制，他决定由他magisterium ，或权威性的教学力量。 There is some diversity of opinion as to the nature of the pope's dispensing power in this respect; it is generally held that it operates by way of indirect dispensation: that is, by virtue of his power over the wills of the faithful the pope, acting in the name of God, remits for them an obligation resulting from their deliberate consent, and therewith the consequences that by natural or positive Divine law flowed from such obligation.也有一些不同的意见，至于性质教宗的配药在这方面的权力，这是一般认为，它的运作方式间接省却：那就是凭借他的权力过遗嘱的忠实教宗，代理在真主的名义，职权范围，为他们义务所造成的，他们故意同意，并定条文的后果，即由自然人或积极的神圣法则流到从这种义务。 The pope, of his own right, has full power to dispense from all ecclesiastical laws, whether universal or particular, even from the disciplinary decrees of œcumenical councils.教宗，他自己的权利，有充分的权力，以免除所有教会的法律，无论是通用或特定，即使从纪律条令的œcumenical议会。 Such authority is consequent on his primacy and the fullness of his immediate jurisdiction.这种权力是因对他的首要地位，以及充满了他的切身管辖权。 A part of this power, however, he usually communicates to the Roman Congregations.这项工作的一部分权力，不过，他通常会传达到罗马帝国的毕业典礼。
(B) The Bishop （二）主教
Of his ordinary right, the bishop can dispense from his own statutes and from those of his predecessors, even when promulgated in a diocesan synod (where he alone is legislator).他的一般权利时，主教可以免除由他自己的章程，并从那些他的前辈，即使在颁布了一个教区主教（他仅是立委） 。 From the other laws of the Church he cannot dispense of his own right.从其他相关法律的教堂他不能免除他自己的权利。 This is evident from the nature of dispensation and of diocesan jurisdiction.这是显而易见的，从本质省却及拔萃管辖权。 A principle maintained by some authors, viz, that the bishop can grant all dispensations which the pope has not reserved to himself, cannot be admitted.一个原则，保持一些作者，即表示，主教能给予所有dispensations其中，教宗并没有保留给自己，不能被接纳。 But by derived right (either ordinary or delegated according to the terms of the grant) the bishop can dispense from those laws that expressly permit him to do so or from those for which he has received an indult to that effect.但衍生的权利（无论是普通或下放根据该条款的补助金）的主教，可以免除从这些法律明文不允许他这样做，或者从那些在这方面，他已收到一份indult即行生效。 Moreover, by ordinary right, based on custom or the tacit consent of the Holy See, he may dispense:此外，由普通正确的，基于习惯或默许同意，教廷，他可免除：
(a) in a case where recourse to the Holy See is difficult and where delay would entail serious danger; （一）在一个情况下，求助于罗马教廷是困难而延误将会引起严重的危险;
(b) in doubtful cases especially when the doubt affects the necessity of the dispensation or the sufficiency of the motives; （ b ）在可疑情况下，尤其是当无疑影响的必要性，豁免或有足够的动机;
(c) in cases of frequent occurrence but requiring dispensation, also in frequently occurring matters of minor importance; （三）在案件频繁发生，但要求配药，也经常发生的事情未成年人的重要性;
(d) in decrees of national and provincial councils, although he may not pronounce a general decree to the contrary; （ d ）在法令的国家和省级议会议员，虽然他可能没有宣判，一般法令正好相反;
(e) in pontifical laws specially passed for his diocese. （ e ）在宗座的专门法律，通过他的教区。
It should be always remembered that to fix the exact limit of these various powers legitimate custom and the interpretation of reputable authors must serve as guides.它应该永远记住定出确切的限制，这种种权力的合法习俗与诠释声望的作家，必然充当导游。 Superiors of exempt religious orders (see EXEMPTION) can grant to their subjects, individually, those dispensations from ecclesiastical laws which the bishop grants by his ordinary power.上级的豁免宗教命令（见豁免） ，可给予其科目，单独地，那些dispensations从教会的法律，主教赠款，由他的普通电源。 When there is question of the rules of their order they are bound to follow what is laid down in their constitutions.当有问题，该规则的，他们为了他们必然要遵循什么是订在其宪法。
(C) The Vicar-General （三）副主教干事
He enjoys by virtue of his appointment the ordinary dispensing power of the bishop, also the delegated powers of the latter, ie those granted him not personally but as ordinary (according to present discipline, the pontifical faculties known as ordinary); exception is made, however, for those powers which require a special mandate like those of the chapter Liceat, for dealing with irregularities and secret cases.他喜欢以德治国对他的任命，一般配药权主教，还下放权力后，即授予他个人并不，但作为普通股（按照目前的纪律，宗座院系称为普通） ;例外，不过，对于权力，而需要一个特殊任务一样，该章liceat ，处理违规行为和秘密的案件。 The vicar capitular likewise has all the dispensing power which the bishop has of his own right, or which has been delegated to him as ordinary.该副主教capitular同样已全部配发权，其中有主教他自己的权利，或已授予他作为普通的。
(D) Parish Priest （四）本堂司铎
By his own ordinary right, founded on custom, he may dispense (but only in particular cases, and for individuals separately, not for a community or congregation) from the observance of fasting, abstinence, and Holy Days.由他自己的一般权利，成立于习俗，他可免除（但只在特殊情况下，对于个人分开，而不是为一个社区或聚集） ，从遵守斋戒，禁欲和神圣的日子。 He can also dispense, within his own territory, from the observance of diocesan statutes when the latter permit him to do so; the terms of these statutes usually declare the extent of such power, also whether it be ordinary or delegated.他也可以免除，他在自己的领土上，从遵守拔萃章程时，后者不允许他这样做;条款，这些法规通常申报的程度，这种权力，也不论是普通或下放。 Dispensation being an act of jurisdiction, a superior can exercise it only over his own subjects, though as a general rule he can do so in their favour even outside his own territory.省却作为一个法管辖，上级可以行使它只有他自己的科目，虽然作为一般规则，他可以这样做，有利于他们的，甚至超出了自己的领土。 The bishop and the parish priest, except in circumstances governed by special enactments, acquire jurisdiction over a member of the faithful by reason of the domicile or quasi-domicile he or she has in a diocese or parish (see DOMICILE).主教和教区牧师，除了在某些情况下由专门的成文法，获取司法管辖权的成员之一，忠实，因住所或准本籍他或她在一个教区或堂（见住所） 。 Moreover, in their own territory they can use their dispensing power in respect of persons without fixed residence (vagi), probably also in respect of travellers temporarily resident in such territory.此外，在自己的领土上，他们可以利用其权力配药方面的人没有固定居所（ vagi ） ，大概也是在尊重旅客暂时居住在这样的领土。 As a general rule he who has power to dispense others from certain obligations can also dispense himself.作为一般规则的人，他有权力，以免除他人的某些义务，也可以免除自己。
(3) Causes for Granting Dispensations （ 3 ）导致给予dispensations
A sufficient cause is always required in order that a dispensation may be both valid and licit when an inferior dispenses from a superior's law, but only for the liceity of the act when a superior dispenses from his own law.有足够的原因，就是始终要求，以免除可能都有效，而且合法的时候，劣势免除来自上级的规定，但只适用于liceity的行为时，上级分配，由他自己的法律。 Nevertheless, in this latter case a dispensation granted without a motive would not (in se), except for some special reason, eg scandal, constitute a serious fault.然而，在这后一种情况下，免除理所当然的，没有动机，将不会（在本身） ，除了一些特殊的理由，例如丑闻，构成了严重的纰漏。 One may be satisfied with a probably sufficient cause, or with a cause less than one that, of itself and without any dispensation, would excuse from the law.其中一个可能是不满意很可能有充分的理由，或以事业不到一表示，自己并没有任何豁免，将借口，从法律。 It is always understood that a superior intends to grant only a licit dispensation.这是一贯相互理解，认为上级打算拨款只有一种合法的特许。 Therefore a dispensation is null when in the motives set forth for obtaining it a false statement is made which has influenced not only the causa impulsiva, ie the reason inclining the superior more easily to grant it, but also the causa motiva, ie the really determining reason for the grant in question.因此免除是无效的时候，在动机提出了获取它虚假陈述，是具有影响不仅病因impulsiva ，即原因倾斜优更容易给予它，而且也根本原因motiva ，即真正确定赠款的理由问题。 For this, and in general for the information which should accompany the petition, in order that a dispensation be valid, see below apropos of obreption and subreption in rescripts of dispensation.对于这一点，并在总体上为信息应伴随着请愿书后，为了免除有效期，见下文中肯的obreption和subreption在rescripts的特许。 Consequently a false statement or the fraudulent withholding of information, ie done with positive intention of deceiving the superior, totally annuls the dispensation, unless such statement bear on a point foreign to the matter in hand.因此，虚假陈述或欺诈手段隐瞒信息，即做了积极的意向，欺骗上级，完全annuls豁免，除非这类声明紧就一个陌生的事情在手。 But if made with no fraudulent intent, a false statement does not affect the grant unless the object of the statement be some circumstance which ought to have been expressed under pain of nullity, or unless it affects directly the motive cause as above described.但如果作出任何欺诈意图，虚假陈述，并不影响金，除非对象的声明中有一些情况应已表示，根据疼痛无效，或除非它直接影响动因如上描述。 Even then false statements do not always nullify the grant; for;即使如此，虚假陈述并不总是废止补助金; ;
(a) when the dispensation is composed of several distinct and separable parts, that part or element alone is nullified on which falls the obreption or subreption, as the case may be; （一）当省却组成几个不同的可分离部分，该部分或要素仅是无效就属于该obreption或subreption ，视情况而定;
(b) when several adequately distinguished motive causes are set forth, the dispensation is null and void only when the obreption or subreption in question affects them all. （二）当几个充分尊敬的动机原因阐述，省却是无效的，只有当obreption或subreption在问题影响到他们的一切。
It is enough, moreover, that the accuracy of the facts be verified at the moment when the dispensation is granted.这是不够的，此外，其精确度的事实加以核实的时候省却是理所当然的。 Therefore, in the case of dispensations ex gratiâ (or in formâ gratiosâ), ie granting favours, the facts must be true when the dispensation is expedited; on the other hand, in the case of dispensations in formâ commissâ (and according to the more general opinion, in those in formâ commissâ mixtâ), the causes alleged must be verified only when the dispensation is actually executed.因此，在案件dispensations特惠gratiâ （或在formâ gratiosâ ） ，即在给予恩惠，事实必须真实，当省却是加快;另一方面，在案件dispensations在formâ commissâ （据越一般认为，在那些在formâ commissâ mixtâ ） ，其原因据称必须查证时，才免除实际上是执行枪决。
(4) Form and Interpretation （ 4 ）表格和解释
It is proper, generally speaking, that dispensations be asked for and granted in writing.这是正确的，从总体上讲，那dispensations询问，并给予书面答复。 Moreover, the Roman Congregations are forbidden, as a rule, to receive petitions for dispensations or to answer them by telegram.此外，罗马教会是禁止的，作为一项规则，以接收请愿信，为dispensations或回答他们的电报。 The execution of a dispensation made on receipt of telegraphic information that such dispensation had been granted would be null, unless such means of communication had been officially used by special authorization from the pope.执行免除取得收据的电报资料，这种省却已获批将无效，除非这种通信手段，已被正式使用的特别批准，由教宗。 Except when the interest of a third party is at stake, or the superior has expressed himself to the contrary, the general dispensing power, whether ordinary or delegated, ought to be broadly interpreted, since its object is the common good.除了当利益第三人，是生死攸关的时刻，或上级表达了自己相反的，一般配药的权力，无论是普通或授予的，应是广义的解释，因为它的目的是共同富裕。 But the actual dispensation (and the same holds true of dispensing power given for a particular case) ought to be strictly interpreted unless it is a question of a dispensation authorized by the common law, or one granted motu proprio (by the superior spontaneously) to a whole community, or with a view to the public good.但实际免除（及同样适用于配药赋予的权力为某一特定案件）应予以严格解释，除非它是一个问题的免除授权由普通法，或一个理所当然的颁布（由上级自发）整个社会，或者以期公益。 Again, that interpretation is lawful without which the dispensation would prove hurtful or useless to the beneficiary, also that which extends the benefits of the dispensation to whatever is juridically connected with it.再次，这种解释是合法的，没有这些省却将被证明是伤害或没用的受益人，还延伸的好处，这项新的服务省却什么法理上与它。
(5) Cessation of Dispensations （ 5 ）停止dispensations
(a) A dispensation ceases when it is renounced by the person in whose favour it was granted. （一）免除停止时，才放弃的人的赞成，这是理所当然的。 However, when the object of the dispensation is an obligation exclusively resulting from one's own will, eg a vow, such renunciation is not valid until accepted by the competent superior.但是，当物体的豁免是一种义务完全所造成的人们的意志，例如一个发誓，这种放弃是不是有效，直至接受由主管上司。 Moreover, neither the non-use of a dispensation nor the fact of having obtained another dispensation incompatible with the former is, in itself, equivalent to a renunciation.此外，无论是不使用的免除，也不是事实，在获得另一个省却不符合前，本身就是等于放弃。 Thus, if a girl had received a dispensation to marry Peter and another to marry Paul, she would remain free to marry either of them.因此，如果一个女孩收到了免除嫁给彼得和另一个嫁给保罗，她会保持自由结婚，要么他们。
(b) A dispensation ceases when it is revoked after due notice to the recipient. （二）免除不再当它被撤销后，因通知给收件人。 The legislator can validly revoke a dispensation, even without cause, though in the latter case it would be illicit to do so; but without a cause an inferior cannot revoke a dispensation, even validly.立法者能有效撤销豁免，即使没有事业，但在后一种情况下，将非法这样做，但没有一个原因是卑微的，不能撤销豁免，即使是有效的。 With a just cause, however, he can do so if he has dispensed by virtue of his general powers (ordinary or delegated); not so, however, when his authority extended merely to one particular case, since thereby his authority was exhausted.与正义的事业，不过，他是可以这样做的，如果他有配凭借他的一般权力（普通或下放） ;并非如此，但是，当他的权力延伸仅仅是一个特殊的情况下，自从而他的权力被耗尽。
(c) A dispensation ceases by the death of the superior when, the dispensation having been granted in formâ commissâ, the executor had not yet begun to execute it. （三）免除不再受到死亡的上司时，免除被授予formâ commissâ ，遗嘱执行人尚未开始执行。 But the grant holds good if given ex gratiâ (as a favour) and even, more probably, if granted in formâ commissâ mixtâ.但金持有好，如果给前gratiâ （作为一个忙） ，甚至更多的可能，如果被授予在formâ commissâ mixtâ 。 In any case, the new pope is wont to revalidate all favours granted in the immediately previous year by his predecessor and not yet availed of.在任何情况下，新教宗是won't的届满时，所有主张给予在紧接前一年，他的前任和尚未利用的。
(d) A conditional dispensation ceases on verification of the condition that renders it void, eg the death of the superior when the dispensation was granted with the clause ad beneplacitum nostrum (at our good pleasure). （四）有条件的豁免停止对核查的条件，使其无效，如死刑的优越时，省却获得与第专案beneplacitum我们的（在我们高兴的，好） 。
(e) A dispensation ceases by the adequate and total cessation of its motive causes, the dispensation thereupon ceasing to be legitimate. （五）免除不再受到足够和彻底停止其动机的原因，省却就此止步不合法的。 But the cessation of the influencing causes, or of a part of the motive causes, does not affect the dispensation.但停止该影响的原因，或某一部分的动机原因，并不会影响到国内。 However, when the motive cause, though complex, is substantially one, it is rightly held to cease with the disappearance of one of its essential elements.但是，当动机的原因，虽然复杂，是大大的，这是十分正确的举行，以停止与消失它的一个基本的要素。
II MATRIMONIAL DISPENSATIONS ii matrimonial dispensations
A matrimonial dispensation is the relaxation in a particular case of an impediment prohibiting or annulling a marriage.婚姻省却是放宽在特定案件中的一个障碍，禁止或废止婚姻。 It may be granted:它可准予：
(a) in favour of a contemplated marriage or to legitimize one already contracted; （一）赞成一项合同或婚姻合法化，其中一个已经签约;
(b) in secret cases, or in public cases, or in both (see IMPEDIMENTS OF MATRIMONY); （ b ）在秘密的情况下，或在公共情况下，或在这两个（见障碍的婚姻） ;
(c) in foro interno only, or in foro externo (the latter includes also the former). （ c ）在论坛内部只，或在对外贸易论坛（后者还包括前） 。 Power of dispensing in foro interno is not always restricted to secret cases (casus occulti).权力配药，在论坛内部并不总是局限于秘密的案件（案例奥库尔蒂） 。
These expressions, as stated above, are by no means identical.这些表现形式，正如以上所述，是绝不相同的。 We shall classify the most important considerations in this very complex matter, under four heads:我们将进行分类，最重要的考虑因素，在这个非常复杂的问题，根据四个国家元首：
(1) general powers of dispensation; （ 1 ）一般权力省却;
(2) particular indults of dispensation; （ 2 ）特别indults的豁免;
(3) causes for dispensations; （ 3 ）原因dispensations ;
(4) costs of dispensations. （ 4 ）成本dispensations 。
(1) General Powers of Dispensation （ 1 ）一般权力豁免
(A) The Pope （一）教宗
The pope cannot dispense from impediments founded on Divine law-except, as above described, in the case of vows, espousals, and non-consummated marriages, or valid and consummated marriage of neophytes before baptism (see NEOPHYTES).教宗不能免除障碍，从基础上的神圣法则-除外，因为以上所述，在案件誓言， espousals ，以及非婚委托开发，或有效委托开发和婚姻的neophytes之前的洗礼（见neophytes ） 。 In doubtful cases, however, he may decide authoritatively as to the objective value of the doubt.在可疑情况下，不过，他可以决定，权威，以客观的价值的怀疑。 In respect of impediments arising from ecclesiastical law the pope has full dispensing power.方面的障碍所引起的教会法，教宗已全部配发权。 Every such dispensation granted by him is valid, and when he acts from a sufficient motive it is also licit.每一个这样的服务省却给予他的将是有效的，而当他的行为，从一个足够的动机，它也是合法的。 He is not wont, however, out of consideration for the public welfare, to exercise this power personally, unless in very exceptional cases, where certain specific impediments are in question.他不是won't的，但出于考虑，为社会公益事业，行使这项权力，我个人来说，除非在非常特殊的情况下，如果某些特定的障碍，各地政府都在质询。 Such cases are error, violence, Holy orders, disparity of worship, public conjugicide, consanguinity in the direct line or in the first degree (equal) of the collateral Line, and the first degree of affinity (from lawful intercourse) in the direct line.这种情况下不存在错误，暴力，神圣的命令，悬殊的崇拜，公共conjugicide ，血缘在直接线或在第一学位（等于）的抵押品线，并首次程度的亲和力（从合法的性交）在直接线。 As a rule the pope exercises his power of dispensation through the Roman Congregations and Tribunals.作为一项规则，教宗行使他的权力，省却通过罗马教会和法庭。
Up to recent times the Dataria was the most important channel for matrimonial dispensations when the impediment was public or about to become public within a short time.直至最近时期dataria是最重要的渠道，让婚姻dispensations时的障碍是公众或即将成为公众在很短的时间。 The Holy Office, however, bad exclusive control in foro externo over all impediments connected with or juridically bearing on matters of faith, eg disparity of worship, mixta religio, Holy orders, etc. The dispensing power in foro interno lay with the Penitentiaria, and in the case of pauperes or quasi-pauperes this same Congregation had dispensing power over public impediments in foro externo.神圣的办公室，不过，坏的独家控制在对外贸易论坛的所有障碍，与法律上或事关事宜的信仰，如贫富悬殊的崇拜， mixta religio ，圣令等配药权在论坛内部裁员与penitentiaria ，在案件pauperes或准pauperes这同样聚集了配药权阻碍公众论坛在对外贸易。 The Penitentiaria held as pauperes for all countries outside of Italy those whose united capital, productive of a fixed revenue, did not exceed 5370 lire (about 1050 dollars); and as quasi-pauperes, those whose capital did not exceed 9396 lire (about 1850 dollars).该penitentiaria举行pauperes所有国家以外的意大利那些美国的资本，生产的一个固定的收入，不超过5370万里拉（约1050美元） ;准pauperes ，那些资本不超过9396万里拉（约1850年美元） 。 It likewise had the power of promulgating general indults affecting public impediments, as for instance the indult of 15 Nov., 1907.同样，它有权力颁布一般indults影响公众的障碍，作为举例indult的1907年11月15日。 Propaganda was charged with all dispensations, both in foro inferno and in foro externo, for countries under its jurisdiction, as was the Congregation of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs for all countries depending on it, eg Russia, Latin America, and certain vicariates and prefectures Apostolic.宣传已被落案控告各dispensations ，无论是在磨地狱，并在对外贸易论坛，为各国在其管辖下的，正如众有着非同寻常的教会事务，所有国家视它，例如俄罗斯，拉丁美洲，以及某些vicariates和省直部门使徒。
On 3 November, 1908, the duties of these various Congregations received important modifications in consequence of the Constitution "Sapienti", in which Pope Pius X reorganized the Roman Curia.于1908年11月3日，该职务，这种种的毕业典礼收到了重要的修改，后果是宪法的" sapienti " ，其中，教宗比约x改组罗马教廷。 Dispensing power from public impediments in the case of pauperes or quasi-pauperes was transferred from the Dataria and the Penitentiaria to a newly established Congregation known as the Congregatio de Disciplinâ Sacramentorum.配药的权力来自公众的障碍，在案件pauperes或准pauperes被调离该dataria和penitentiaria到一个新成立的众称之为congregatio德disciplinâ sacramentorum 。 The Penitentiaria retains dispensing power over occult impediments in foro interno only.该penitentiaria保留配药权隐匿性障碍，在论坛内部只。 The Holy Office retains its faculties, but restricted expressly under three heads:圣办公室保持其特长，但明文限制下，三国元首：
(1) disparity of worship; （ 1 ）悬殊的崇拜;
(2) mixta religio; （ 2 ） mixta religio ;
(3) the Pauline Privilege [see DIVORCE (IN MORAL THEOLOGY)]. （ 3 ）华特权[见离婚（在道德神学） ] 。
Propaganda remains the channel for securing dispensations for all countries under its jurisdiction, but as it is required for the sake of executive unity, to defer, in all matters concerning matrimony, to the various Congregations competent to act thereon, its function is henceforth that of intermediary.宣传仍然渠道争取dispensations所有国家在其管辖下的，但因为它是为行政机关的团结，推迟到，在一切事务上涉及婚姻关系，以各教区胜任就此采取行动，其功能是从今以后，即中介。 It is to be remembered that in America, the United States, Canada and Newfoundland, and in Europe, the British Isles are now withdrawn from Propaganda, and placed under the common law of countries with a hierarchy.这是必须记住，在美洲，美国，加拿大和纽芬兰，并在欧洲，英伦三岛，现在退出宣传，并置于根据普通法的国家等级。 The Congregation of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs loses all its powers; consequently the countries hitherto subject to it must address themselves either to the Holy Office or to the Congregatio de Disciplinâ Sacramentorum according to the nature of the impediment.众有着非同寻常的教会事务失去了其所有的权力;因此该国迄今受它必须解决本身都是以神圣的办公室或向congregatio德disciplinâ sacramentorum据性质的障碍。
It should be noted that the powers of a Congregation are suspended during the vacancy of the Holy See, except those of the Penitentiaria in foro interno, which, during that time, are even increased.应该指出的是，权力的聚集是总悬浮颗粒物，在出缺的教廷，除了那些对penitentiaria在论坛内部，而在这段时间里，更是增加了。 Though suspended, the powers of a Congregation may be used in cases of urgent necessity.虽然暂停职务，权力的聚集，可用于案件的迫切必要性。
(B) The Diocesan Bishops （二）教区主教
We shall treat first of their fixed perpetual faculties, whether ordinary or delegated, afterwards of their habitual and temporary faculties.我们应先处理自己的固定永久的院系，无论是普通或授权，事后其惯常和临时院系。 By virtue of their ordinary power (see JURISDICTION) bishops can dispense from those prohibent impediments of ecclesiastical law which are not reserved to the pope.凭借其普通电源（见管辖权）主教，可以免除这些prohibent障碍的教会法，这是不是保留给教宗。 The reserved impediments of this kind are espousals, the vow of perpetual chastity, and vows taken in diocesan religious institutes (see RELIGIOUS CONGREGATIONS), mixta religio, public display and solemn blessing at marriages within forbidden times, the vetitum, or interdict laid on a marriage by the pope, or by the metropolitan in a case of appeal.预留的障碍，这一类espousals ，发誓永远贞洁，并誓言采取拔萃宗教院校（见宗教团体） ， mixta religio ，公开展示，并郑重祝福，在婚姻内严禁倍， vetitum ，或停职奠定一个婚姻是由教宗，或由国际大都会，一宗上诉。 The bishop may also dispense from diriment impediments after the following manner: -主教，也可免除由diriment障碍后，按以下方式进行： -
(a) By tacit consent of the Holy See he can dispense in foro interno from secret impediments from which the pope is wont to exercise his power of dispensing, in the three following cases: （一）由默示同意的教廷他可以免除在论坛内部从秘密障碍，而教宗是won't的行使他的权力配药，在三个有下列情形：
(1) in marriages already contracted and consummated, when urgent necessity arises (ie when the interested parties cannot be separated without scandal or endangering their souls, and there is no time to have recourse to the Holy See or to its delegate) - it is, however, necessary that such marriage shall have taken place in lawful form before the Church, and that one of the contracting parties at least shall have been ignorant of the impediment; （ 1 ）在婚姻已经承包和委托开发时，迫切需要产生的（即当有兴趣的各方不能分割，没有丑闻或危及他们的灵魂，有没有时间去求助于罗马教廷或其代表） -它是不过，必须指出，这种婚姻应采取合法的形式，才教会，而且其中一，缔约各方至少应被无知的障碍;
(2) in marriages about to be contracted and which are called embarrassing (perplexi) cases, ie where everything being ready a delay would be defamatory or would cause scandal; （ 2 ）在婚姻即将签约，这是所谓的尴尬（ perplexi ）的情况下，即在一切准备就绪延误，将诽谤或会导致丑闻;
(3) when there is a serious doubt of fact as to the existence of an impediment; in this case the dispensation seems to hold good, even though in course of time the impediment becomes certain, and even public. （ 3 ）当有一个很大的疑问，事实上，以存在的一个障碍，在这种情况下，免除似乎持良好，即使在过程中的时间障碍，成为一定的，甚至是公众。 In cases where the law is doubtful no dispensation is necessary; but the bishop may, if he thinks proper, declare authentically the existence and sufficiency of such doubt.的情况下，法律是没有任何疑问的是省却必要的，但这位主教可能，如果他认为适当的，申报真实的存在和充足的这种疑虑。
(b) By virtue of a decree of the Congregation of the Inquisition or Holy Office (20 February, 1888) diocesan bishops and other ordinaries (especially vicars Apostolic, administrators Apostolic, and prefects Apostolic, having jurisdiction over an allocated territory, also vicars-general in spiritualibus, and vicars capitular) may dispense in very urgent (gravissimum) danger of death from all diriment impediments (secret or public) of ecclesiastical law, except priesthood and affinity (from lawful intercourse) in the direct line. （二）以德治国的一项法令，对会众的宗教裁判所或圣办事处（ 1888年2月20日）教区主教和其他普通股（尤其是vicars使徒，管理员使徒，省长使徒，拥有管辖权的一个分配领土，也vicars -一般在spiritualibus ， vicars capitular ） ，可免除在非常紧迫（ gravissimum ）的危险，从死亡的所有diriment障碍（秘密或公开）的教会法，除了神职人员和亲和力（从合法的性交）在直接路线。
However, they can use this privilege only in favour of persons actually living in real concubinage or united by a merely civil marriage, and only when there is no time for recourse to the Holy See.不过，他们可以利用这个特权，只有赞成的人其实生活在现实和妾或团结在一个纯粹的民事婚姻，而只有当我们有没有时间诉诸罗马教廷。 They may also legitimize the children of such unions, except those born of adultery or sacrilege.它们也可能合法化的子女，如工会，除出生的通奸罪或亵渎。 In the decree of 1888 is also included the impediment of clandestinity.在该法令的1888年也已列入障碍的秘密活动。 This decree permits therefore (at least until the Holy See shall have issued other instructions) to dispense, in the case of concubinage or civil marriage, with the presence of the priest and of the two witnesses required by the Decree "Ne temere" in urgent cases of marriage in extremis.这项法令许可，因此（至少直到罗马教廷应发出其他指令） ，免除，在案件妾或公证结婚，与在场的牧师和两个证人必须根据法令， "氦氖temere "在紧急案件婚姻在极端情况。 Canonists do not agree as to whether bishops hold these faculties by virtue of their ordinary power or by general delegation of the law. canonists不同意，以决定是否主教持有这些院系凭借其普通的权力，或通过一般代表团的法律。
It seems to us more probable that those just described under;在我们看来，更可能是那些刚下所述;
(a) belong to them as ordinaries, while those under （一）属于他们作为普通股，而根据
(b) are delegated. （二）授予的。
They are, therefore, empowered to delegate the former; in order to subdelegate the latter they must be guided by the limits fixed by the decree of 1888 and its interpretation dated 9 June, 1889.因此，它们有权代表前;为了subdelegate后者，他们必须遵循的界限，由固定的法令， 1888年及其解释日期1889年6月9日。 That is, if it is a question of habitual delegation parish priests only should receive it, and only for cases where there is no time for recourse to the bishop.也就是说，如果这是一个问题，惯性代表团教区神父，不仅要接受它，只为的情况下，是没有时间诉诸主教。
Besides the fixed perpetual faculties, bishops also receive from the Holy See habitual temporary indults for a certain period of time or for a limited number of cases.除了固定的永久学院，主教们还收到来自罗马教廷惯常临时indults为某一段时间或数量有限的情况下。 These faculties are granted by fixed "formulæ", in which the Holy See from time to time, or as occasion requires it, makes some slight modifications.这些学院是由固定的" formulæ " ，在这种教廷从时间，以时间，或作为场合的需要，使一些稍作修改。 (See FACULTIES, CANONICAL.) These faculties call for a broad interpretation. （见院系，典型） ，这些院系呼吁建立一个广泛的解释。 Nevertheless it is well to bear in mind, when interpreting them, the actual legislation of the Congregation whence they issue, so as not to extend their use beyond the places, persons, number of cases, and impediments laid down in a given indult.不过这是极紧记，当解读他们，但实际立法会众何时，他们的问题，以便不延长其使用超出了地点，人员，很多情况下，和障碍所订下的一个特定indult 。 Faculties thus delegated to a bishop do not in any way restrict his ordinary faculties; nor (in se) do the faculties issued by one Congregation affect those granted by another.院系从而下放给主教，不以任何方式限制他的普通院系，也没有（硒）做院系所发出的一个教区的影响那些授予另一个。 When several specifically different impediments occur in one and the same case, and one of them exceeds the bishop's powers, he may not dispense from any of them.当几个具体不同的障碍，发生在一个和相同的情况下，其中一人，超过新辅理主教的权力，他可能不免除从他们任何人。 Even when the bishop has faculties for each impediment taken separately he cannot (unless he possesses the faculty known as de cumulo) use his various faculties simultaneously in a case where, all the impediments being public, one of them exceeds his ordinary faculties, it is not necessary for a bishop to delegate his faculties to his vicars-general; since 1897 they are always granted to the bishop as ordinary, therefore to the vicar-general also.甚至当主教已院系每个障碍分开，他不能（除非他拥有学院被称为德cumulo ）运用自己的各种院系，同时在一个案件中，所有的障碍，正在市民，其中一人，超过了他的普通学院，它是没有必要为枢机主教，以授其院系他vicars干事;以来， 1897年，他们永远是批给主教作为普通的事情，所以向副主教干事还。 With regard to other priests a decree of the holy Office (14 Dec., 1898) declares that for the future temporary faculties may be always subdelegated unless the indult expressly states the contrary.至于其他神职人员一项法令的神圣办公室（ 1898年12月14日）宣布，为将来临时院系，可总是subdelegated除非indult明确国家正好相反。 These faculties are valid from the date when they were granted in the Roman Curia.这些院系，有效期自公布之日起的时候，他们分别获准在罗马教廷。 In actual practice they do not expire, as a rule, at the death of the pope nor of the bishop to whom they were given, but pass on to those who take his place (the vicar capitular, the administrator, or succeeding bishop).而在实际执行上，他们不会过期，作为一项规则，在死亡的教宗，也没有香港教区向谁给他们，但通过对那些采取了自己的位置（副主教capitular ，署长，或接任主教） 。 Faculties granted for a fixed period of time, or a limited number of cases, cease when the period or number has been reached; but while awaiting their renewal the bishop, unless culpably negligent, may continue to use them provisionally.院系给予一个固定的时间内，或者数量有限的情况下，何时终止期限或数量已经达到，但同时等待其续期主教，除非culpably疏忽，可继续使用他们暂时的。 A bishop can use his habitual faculties only in favour of his own subjects.一名主教，可以使用其惯用的院系不仅有利于自己的科目。 The matrimonial discipline of the Decree "Ne temere" (2 Aug., 1907) contemplates as such all persons having a true canonical domicile, or continuously resident for one month within his territory, also vagi, or persons who have no domicile anywhere and can claim no continuous stay of one month.婚姻纪律的法令"氦氖temere " （ 1907年8月2日）考虑作出这样所有的人有一个真实的典型住所，或连续居住1个月，在他的领土，也vagi ，或者有没有户籍，并随时随地可以索赔就不能继续逗留一个月。 When a matrimonial impediment is common to both parties the bishop, in dispensing his own subject, dispenses also the other.当一个婚姻障碍是共同的，双方主教，在配药他自己的课题，分配，也为另一方。
(C) Vicars Capitular and Vicars-General （三） vicars capitular和vicars干事
A vicar capitular, or in his place a lawful administrator, enjoys all the dispensing powers possessed by the bishop in virtue of his ordinary jurisdiction or of delegation of the law; according to the actual discipline he enjoys even the habitual powers which had been granted the deceased bishop for a fixed period of time or for a limited number of cases, even if the indult should have been made out in the name of the Bishop of N. Considering the actual praxis of the Holy See, the same is true of particular indults (see below).一副主教capitular ，或在他的地方，一个合法的管理员，拥有所有权力配药所拥有的主教，在凭借其普通管辖或代表团团长的，依法按照实际纪律，他喜欢，甚至习惯性的权力，而被授予已故主教为一个固定的时间内，或为数量有限的情况下，即使indult应该已经取得了列的名字主教12月31日考虑到实际实践的教廷，也同样如此，尤其是indults （见下文） 。 The vicar-general has by virtue of his appointment all the ordinary powers of the bishop over prohibent impediments, but requires a special mandate to give him common-law faculties for diriment impediments.该副主教干事已经凭借他的任命所有普通的权力主教超过prohibent障碍，但需要有特殊的任务给他的共同法律学院diriment障碍。 As for habitual temporary faculties, since they are now addressed to the ordinary, they belong also ipso facto to the vicar-general while he holds that office.至于习惯性临时院系的，因为他们现在给普通的，他们属于也依事实向副主教干事，而他认为，办公室。 He can also use particular indults when they are addressed to the ordinary, and when they are not so addressed the bishop can always subdelegate him, unless the contrary be expressly stated in the indult.他还可以用特别indults时，他们给普通的事情，当他们没有这么处理的主教能够始终subdelegate他，除非相反予以明文规定，在indult 。
(D) Parish Priests and Other Ecclesiastics （四）本堂神父和其他ecclesiastics
A parish priest by common law can dispense only from an interdict laid on a marriage by him or by his predecessor.堂区神父由普通法，可以免除只能从停职乃婚姻由他或他的前任。 Some canonists of note accord him authority to dispense from secret impediments in what are called embarrassing (perplexi) cases, ie when there is no time for recourse to the bishop, but with the obligation of subsequent recourse ad cautelam, ie for greater security; a similar authority is attributed by them to confessors.一些canonists值得注意的协议，他有权免除从秘密障碍是什么所谓的尴尬（ perplexi ）的情况下，即当我们有没有时间诉诸主教的问题，而是一个与义务随后追索专案cautelam ，即有更大的安全;类似的法令，是因为它们为confessors 。 This opinion seems yet gravely probable, though the Penitentiaria continues to grant among its habitual faculties a special authority for such cases and restricts somewhat its use.这种看法似乎是，但严重的可能，虽然penitentiaria继续给予其惯性院系一项特别权力处理这类案件，并限制有点其所用。
(2) Particular Indults of Dispensation （ 2 ）特别indults的豁免
When there is occasion to procure a dispensation that exceeds the powers of the ordinary, or when there are special reasons for direct recourse to the Holy See, procedure is by way of supplica (petition) and private rescript.当我们有机会采购免除超越权力的普通，或者当有特殊理由可以直接求助于罗马教廷，程序是透过supplica （请愿）和私人rescript 。 The supplica need not necessarily be drawn up by the petitioner, nor even at his instance; it does not, however, become valid until he accepts it.该supplica可不必制定了由信访人，甚至也不在他的举例来说，它不过，这并不代表，成为有效，直至他接受它。 Although, since the Constitution "Sapienti", all the faithful may have direct recourse to the Congregations, the supplica is usually forwarded through the ordinary (of the person's birthplace, or domicile, or, since the Decree "Ne temere", residence of one of the petitioners), who transmits it to the proper Congregation either by letter or through his accredited agent; but if there is question of sacramental secrecy, it is sent directly to the Penitentiaria, or handed to the bishop's agent under a sealed cover for transmission to the Penitentiaria.虽然，因为宪法" sapienti " ，所有信徒，可直接向教友， supplica通常转交透过普通股（该人的出生地，或住所，或自该法令的"氦氖temere " ，居住地之一对请愿者） ，他传递给正确的聚集，无论是写信或通过其认可的代理人，但如果有问题，圣事保密，它是直接向penitentiaria ，或交给新辅理主教的代理下一个密封的掩护传输向penitentiaria 。 The supplica ought to give the names (family and Christian) of the petitioners (except in secret cases forwarded to the Penitentiaria), the name of the Ordinary forwarding it, or the name of the priest to whom, in secret cases, the rescript must be sent; the age of the parties, especially in dispensations affecting consanguinity and affinity; their religion, at 1east when one of them is not a Catholic; the nature, degree, and number of all impediments (if recourse is had to the Congregatio de Disciplinâ Sacramentorum or to the Holy Office in a public impediment, and to the Penitentiaria at the same time in a secret one, it is necessary that the latter should know of the public impediment and that recourse has been had to the competent Congregation).该supplica应该给的名字（家庭及基督教）的请愿者（除在秘密的案件提交给penitentiaria ） ，其名称的普通它转发或名称神父的人，在秘密的情况下，必须rescript发送;年龄有关各方，特别是在dispensations影响血缘和姻亲，他们的宗教，在1east时，其中一人是不是天主教徒;性质，程度和数量的所有障碍（如追索权，是到了该congregatio德disciplinâ sacramentorum或圣地办公室在公众的障碍，并能penitentiaria在同一时间，在一个秘密之一，它是必要的，认为后者应该知道的公众障碍，并追索一直有向主管圣堂） 。 The supplica must, moreover, contain the causes set forth for granting the dispensation and other circumstances specified in the Propaganda Instruction of 9 May, 1877 (it is no longer necessary, either for the validity or liceity of the dispensation, to observe the paragraph relating to incest intercourse, even when probably this very thing had been alleged as the only reason for granting the dispensation).该supplica此外，必须把遏制的原因，提出了给予豁免和其他指明的情况下，在宣传的指示， 1877年5月9日（它不再是必要的，无论是有效性或liceity的豁免，必须遵守有关段乱伦性交时，即使可能，这件事非常已被指称的唯一理由给予豁免） 。 When there is question of consanguinity in the second degree bordering on the first, the supplica ought to be written by the bishop's own hand.当有问题的血缘，在第二度接壤第一， supplica应以书面，由辅理主教的自己手上。 He ought also to sign the declaration of poverty made by the petitioners when the dispensation is sought from the Penitentiaria in formâ pauperum; when he is in any way hindered from so doing he is bound to commission a priest to sign it in his name.他也应签署声明书的贫困所作出的请愿时，省却是设法从penitentiaria在formâ pauperum ;时，他是在以任何方式阻碍没有这样做，他是受委托一名神父签署在他的名字。 A false declaration of poverty henceforth does not invalidate a dispensation in any case; but the authors of the false statement are bound in conscience to reimburse any amount unduly withheld (regulation for the Roman Curia, 12 June, 1908).虚假声明贫穷从此不作废免除在任何情况下，但作者的虚假陈述，必将在良心报销任何数额过分扣压（规管为罗马教廷， 1908年6月12日） 。 For further information on the many points already briefly described the reader is referred to the special canonical works, wherein are found all necessary directions as to what must be expressed so as to avoid nullity.为进一步资料，对许多共同点，已经简要介绍了读者参阅，以特殊的典型工程，其中发现有一切必要的指示，至于要如何表达等，以避免无效。 When a supplica is affected (in a material point) by obreption or subreption it becomes necessary to ask for a so-called "reformatory decree" in case the favour asked has not yet been granted by the Curia, or for the letters known as "Perinde ac valere" if the favour has already been granted.当一个supplica是受影响（在一个物质点） obreption或subreption成为必要请一个所谓的"感化令"的情况下，反对者要求至今仍未获准，由教廷，或为英文字母被称为" perinde交流valere "如果赞成，已是理所当然的。 If, after all this, a further material error is discovered, letters known as "Perinde ac valere super perinde ac valere" must be applied for.如果经过所有这一切，进一步重大错误是发现，信件被称为" perinde交流valere超级perinde交流valere " ，都必须提出申请。 See Gasparri, "Tractatus de matrimonio" (2nd ed., Rome, 1892), I, no.见加斯帕里， " tractatus德matrimonio " （第二版，罗马， 1892年） ，我，没有。 362. 362 。
Dispensation rescripts are generally drawn up in formâ commissâ mixtâ, ie they are entrusted to an executor who is thereby obliged to proceed to their execution, if he finds that the reasons are as alleged (si vera sint exposita).省却rescripts普遍制定了在formâ commissâ mixtâ的，即它们都是委托给执行人，他们因而不得不着手及其执行，如果他认为原因有指称（思浑sint exposita ） 。 Canonists are divided as to whether rescripts in formâ commissâ mixtâ contain a favour granted from the moment of their being sent off, or to be granted when the execution actually takes place. canonists划分，以决定是否rescripts在formâ commissâ mixtâ含有一种恩惠，理所当然由时刻，他们被送往小康，或者给予当处决，其实需要的地方。 Gasparri holds it as received practice that it suffices if the reasons alleged be actually true at the moment when the petition is presented.加斯帕里举行，它收到的实践证明，这就够了，如果被指控的原因，实际上真正在的时候，呈请。 It is certain, however, that the executor required by Penitentiaria rescripts may safely fulfil his mission even if the pope should die before he had begun to execute it.这是肯定的，不过，遗嘱执行人所需要penitentiaria rescripts可以安全地履行自己的使命，即使教宗应死之前他已开始执行。 The executor named for public impediments is usually the ordinary who forwards the supplica and for secret impediments an approved confessor chosen by the petitioner.遗嘱执行人命名为公共障碍，通常是普通的人转发supplica和秘密障碍核准忏悔选择信访。 Except when specially authorized the person delegated cannot validly execute a dispensation before he has seen the original of the rescript.除非特别授权转授的人，不能有效地执行免除之前，他已经看到了原来的rescript 。 Therein it is usually prescribed that the reasons given by the petitioners must be verified.所以，它通常是明所提出的理由请愿必须得到核实。 This verification, usually no longer a condition for valid execution, can be made, in the case of public impediments, extra-judicially or by subdelegation.这一核查，通常不再是一个条件，为有效执行，可取得，在案件公开障碍，课外司法或subdelegation 。 In foro interno it can be made by the confessor in the very act of hearing the confessions of the parties.在论坛内部，它可以由忏悔在极法听证会的供词当事人。 Should the inquiry disclose no substantial error, the executor proclaims the dispensation, ie he makes known, usually in writing, especially if he acts in foro externo, the decree which dispenses the petitioners; if the rescript authorizes him, he also legitimizes the children.应调查披露，没有实质性的错误，遗嘱执行人宣布豁免，即他众所周知的，通常是在写作，特别是如果他的行为，在对外贸易论坛，法令免除请愿;若rescript授权他时，他也合法化儿童。 Although the executor may subdelegate the preparatory acts, he may not, unless the rescript expressly says so, subdelegate the actual execution of the decree, unless he subdelegates to another ordinary.虽然遗嘱执行人可以subdelegate预备行为，他可能不会，除非rescript明确地这样说， subdelegate实际执行这项法令，除非他subdelegates到另一个不同寻常。 When the impediment is common to, and known to, both parties, execution ought to be made for both; wherefore, in a case in foro interno, the confessor of one of the parties hands over the rescript, after he has executed it, to the confessor of the other.当障碍是常见的，众所周知的，双方，执行应该作两人哪，在一宗案件中，在论坛内部，忏悔的一方当事人手中，在rescript后，他已被处决，以该忏悔的另一方。 The executor ought to observe with care the clauses enumerated in the decree, as some of them constitute conditions sine quâ non for the validity of the dispensation.遗嘱执行人应观察与护理条文列举的法令，因为他们中的一些人构成条件正弦quâ非为的有效性豁免。 As a rule, these clauses affecting validity may be recognized by the conditional conjunction or adverb of exclusion with which they begin (eg dummodo, "provided that"; et non aliter, "not otherwise"), or by an ablative absolute.作为一项规则，这些条款的有效期影响可能确认的，由有条件的结合或副词的排斥与它们一开始（如被提供， "规定" ;等非aliter " ，而不是其他原因" ） ，或由一个烧蚀绝对的。 When, however, a clause only prescribes a thing already of obligation by law it has merely the force of a reminder.但是，当一个条款，只规定一个东西已经义务的，由法律，它已不仅仅是力量，是一个提醒。 In this matter also it is well to pay attention to the stylus curiœ, ie the legal diction of the Roman Congregations and Tribunals, and to consult authors of repute.在这件事也十分重视，以笔curiœ ，即法律文辞的罗马教会和法庭，并征询作者享负盛名。