(Theosophia = "wisdom concerning God") ( theosophia = "智慧关于上帝" )
Theosophy is a term used in general to designate the knowledge of God supposed to be obtained by the direct intuition of the Divine essence. theosophy是一个词,用在一般指定知识的上帝要得到直接直觉的神圣本质。 In method it differs from theology, which is the knowledge of God obtained by revelation, and from philosophy, which is the knowledge of Divine things acquire by human reasoning.在方法,它不同于神学,它是知识的神,得到启示,并从哲学,它是知识的神圣的东西,由收购人的道理。 It is often incorrectly confounded with mysticism, for the latter is properly the thirst for the Divine, the aspiration for the invisible, and hence a natural manifestation of the religious sentiment.人们常常错误地混淆了与神秘主义,后者是正确的求知欲神圣的,由于向往无形的,因此,一种自然的体现了宗教情操。 By intuition or illumination the initiated Theosophists are considered to be in harmony with the central principle of the universe.由直觉或照明启动theosophists被认为是在和谐与中央原则上的宇宙。 This knowledge of the secret forces of nature of the true relation between the world and man frees them from the ordinary limitations of human life, and gives them a peculiar power over the hidden forces of the macrocosm.这种知识是秘密的自然力量的真正关系世界和人类解放,他们从普通的局限性,人的生命,并让他们有一个奇特的权力隐藏势力的宏观。 Their exceptional faculties are alleged as experimental proof of their superior science: they are the only guarantee of the truth of their teaching.其特殊的院系被指控为实验证明其卓越的科学:它们是唯一的保证真理的教学。 They are said to transmit this truth by way of revelation.据说,他们是为了传递这个真理的方式启示。 Thus theosophy appeals to tradition but not in the Christian sense.因此theosophy呼吁传统,而不是在基督教的常识。
| BELIEVE 相信 Religious 宗教 Information 资讯 Source 源 web-site 网址: |
| Our List of 1,000 Religious Subjects 我们所列出的1000名宗教科目 |
| E-mail 电子邮箱 |
(2) Theosophic teaching comes to the front in the third period of Greek philosophy. ( 2 ) theosophic教学,到了前线,在第三期的古希腊哲学。 Hence it is found in the Jewish-Greek philosophy with the neo-Platonists.因此,我们不能发现,在犹太-希腊哲学与新platonists 。 The theosophic atmosphere due to the influence of the Orient is plainly shown in Plotinus.该theosophic气氛中,由于受东方是赤裸裸地表明,在普罗提诺。 The Gnostic systems reveal more theosophy than theology and in the Jewish Kabbala is found a theosophy mixed with various forms of magic and occultism.在诺斯替体系,更多地揭示theosophy比神学和犹太卡巴拉是找到了theosophy混有各种形式的魔术和神秘学。 The Renaissance brought into modern thought neo-Platonism and the Kabbala, eg Reuchlin (d. 1492), Agrippa (d. 1535), Cardano (d. 1576), Paracelsus (d.1540), Weigel (d. 1588).文艺复兴时代带入现代思想的新柏拉图主义和卡巴拉,如reuchlin (四1492 ) , agrippa (四1535 ) , cardano (四第1576 ) , paracelsus ( d.1540 ) ,瓦伊格尔(四1588 ) 。 More important is the teaching of Jakob Böhme (d.1624).更重要的是教学中的雅各布böhme ( d.1624 ) 。 He taught that the "eternal dualism" of God is the ultimate cause of all evil; that there is a "dark" negative principle in God, which evil element makes manifest His goodness.他告诉我们, "永恒的二元论"的上帝是终极原因的一切邪恶,这是一个"黑色"的消极原则,在上帝,而邪恶的元素,使体现其善。 Without this there would be no revelation.如果没有这个将不会有启示。 Further, were it not for this principle God could not know Himself.此外,如果不是因为这个原则,上帝无法知道自己。 Böhme's teaching influenced Baader, Schelling, and Gegel. böhme对他的教诲影响baader ,谢林,并gegel 。 Theosophic principles colour the theology of Swedenborg, and are found in the group of modern thinkers, especially neo-Hegelians, who claim that the existence of God is know by direct intuition or by a special faculty of the soul. theosophic原则肤色神学swedenborg ,并发现了一批近代思想家,特别是新黑格尔派,有人声称存在的,神是知道由直接的直觉或由一个特别师生的心灵。
A new importance of these teachings in modern thought is due to the school of Modern theosophy dating from the foundation of the Theosophical Society in New York City by Madame Blavatsky in 1875.一种新的重要性,这些教诲在现代思维模式,这是由于该学院的现代theosophy约会,从立党之本, theosophical社会,在纽约市,由夫人blavatsky于1875年。 She is the chief and only authority for the revelation of so-called Tibetan occultism.她是行政和唯一的权威,为启示,使所谓的西藏神秘学。 AP Sinnett however used the term Esoteric Buddhism.鸭辛尼特但是用了密宗。 They claimed to have the true solution for the problems of the universe and of man from the Upanishads and Buddhist Sutras through Oriental savants, mahatmas, the faithful depositories of a profound and superhuman wisdom.他们声称有真正的解决方案的问题,宇宙的男子从upanishads和佛经通过东方savants , mahatmas ,忠实地保存了深刻和超人的智慧。 In fact, a great part of their nomenclature is derived from India, and they seek there for a justification of teachings drifting about in modern thought and derived to a great extent, if not wholly, from neo-Platonic and Jewish sources through the Renaissance.事实上,在一个伟大的一部分,他们的命名是来自印度,而他们寻求有正当理由的教诲,漂流在现代思想和推导在相当程度上,如果不是全部,由新柏拉图和犹太来源通过文艺复兴。 The objects of the society are: to form the nucleus of a universal brotherhood of humanity without distinction of race, creed, sex, caste, or colour; to encourage the study of comparative religion, philosophy, and science; to investigate the unexplained laws of nature and the powers latent in man.该物体的社会是:形成原子核一个世界大同的人类,不分种族,信仰,性别,种姓,或肤色;鼓励研究比较宗教学,哲学和科学;探讨原因不明的法律性质和权力潜伏在人。 This last clause gives occasion to include magic, the occult, the uncanny, and the marvelous in any and every form.这最后一句给人的场合,包括魔术,隐匿,鬼斧神工,以及精彩的,在任何一个形式。 Madame Blavatsky, with Colonel Olcott, went to India in 1878.女士blavatsky ,上校olcott ,前往印度于1878年。 Shortly afterwards her frauds were exposed through letters written by her and published by Columb and his wife, who had been in her service.不久之后,她的诈骗行为被揭露,通过书面信函,由她和公布的columb和他的妻子,曾经在她的服务。 This was acknowledged by the London Society of Psychical Research, which in Nov., 1884 sent R. Hodgson, of St. John's College, Cambridge to investigate (Edmund Garrett, "Isis very much Unveiled", London, 1895; Francis Podmore, "Studies in Psychical Research").这是公认的,由伦敦的社会心理研究,而在11月, 1884年派出传译,惠普,圣约翰学院,剑桥调查(何厚铧盖瑞特" , ISIS的十分揭幕" ,伦敦, 1895年;弗朗西斯podmore "研究心理研究" ) 。 In spite of this, however, the teaching was continued and propagated by her disciples Mrs. Besant, Col. Olcott, AP Sinnett, and others.虽然如此,但是,教学,是继续和宣传,她的弟子谭besant ,上校olcott ,鸭辛尼特和等。
Modern theosophy claims to be a definite science.现代theosophy声称自己是一个明确的科学。 Its teachings are the product of thought, and its source is consciousness, not any Divine revelation.其教义是产品的思想,其来源是觉悟,没有任何神的启示。 As a science it is supposed to be based on investigation and experimentation of the occult laws in nature and in human life.作为一门科学,它应该是基于调查和实验研究隐匿性法律,在性质上和在人的生命。 Only those qualified for the inquiry can grasp these laws and they gain from this knowledge certain superhuman powers.只有那些有资格的调查,可以把握这些法律和他们受益于这种知识某些超人的权力。 Mrs. Besant calls it the great synthesis of life, ie of religion, science, and philosophy, as old as thoughtful humanity, proclaimed in a new form suited to the present time.夫人besant称之为伟大合成的生活方式,即宗教,科学,哲学,作为老周到的人性,宣告了一个新的形式,适应当前的时间。 Its aim is that spirit is and can become the master of matter.其宗旨是本着这一精神,是可以成为大师的事。 Hence it is considered as a protest against materialism which teaches that thought and feeling are the results of the aggregations of matter.因此,它被视为一种抗议唯物主义教导我们的思想和情感是结果聚集的事。 Theosophy on the contrary sees in matter an instrument of life, and in thought the creative and moulding power of matter. theosophy反过来说,在看到事情的工具,贴近生活,在思想上,创作和塑造权力的事。
The basic teaching of theosophy is the universal brotherhood of humanity.基础教学theosophy是世界大同的人类。 Hence springs the preaching of toleration to all persons and to all varieties of belief, eg Buddhists, Christians, Atheists, It considers the different religions as methods adopted by man in the search for God.因此弹簧的说教暂所有的人,以及所有品种的信仰,如佛教徒,基督徒,无神论者,它考虑了不同的宗教和方法所采用的男子在寻找上帝。 They are of necessity various, because men differ in temperament, type, needs, and stages of evolution.他们是有必要的多方面的,因为男人,会有不同的气质,类型,需求,和各个阶段的演化。 Hence they are different and imperfect expressions of truth.因此,它们是不同的和不完美的表达真理。 As such it says: "we cannot afford to lose any of the world's religions, for each has its partial truth and its characteristic message which the perfect man must acquire."因此,它说: "我们不能失去任何一个世界宗教的,对于每一项都有其局部真理及其特点讯息了一个完美的男人,必须具备" 。 Hence theosophy appeals to men as the great peacemaker, for it teaches that all religions mean one and the same thing, or rather that they are all branches of a single tree.因此theosophy呼吁男性作为伟大的和平缔造者,因为它教导说,所有宗教的意思是同一个东西,或者更确切地说,他们都是分行的一个单一的树。 In this sense it attacks comparative mythology which tries to show that religion was originally the fruit of man's ignorance wand will disappear with the increase of knowledge, whereas in fact religion comes from Divine knowledge, ie theosophy.从这个意义上讲,它的攻击比较神话它试图表明,宗教本来是水果的人的无知棒将消失与增长知识,而事实上,宗教是来自神的知识,即theosophy 。
The principle of universal brotherhood rest upon the 'solidarity' of all living, of all that is, in the one life and one consciousness.原则世界大同休息后, '团结'的一切生活,一切就是,在一个生活和意识。 Solidarity springs from the belief in the immanence of God, the only and external life manifested in the multiplicity of creation.声援泉水从信仰中内在的神,唯一和外界生活的体现,在多元化的创作风格。 All forces are external; there is no supernatural, except the superhuman and supersensuous, ie powers greater that those normally exercised by man, which, however, can be developed.一切力量都对外有任何超自然的,除了超人和supersensuous ,即权力更大,那些通常行使的人,却可以得到发展。 Ignorance therefore makes the miracle.无知,因此使得奇迹。 Hence there is on personal God, and for this reason Madame Blavatsky and Mrs. Besant say that theosophy is more readily embraced by Atheists and Agnostics.因此,对个人的神,并且为此夫人blavatsky和夫人besant说theosophy是更容易拥抱,无神论者和不可知论者。 Hence also Colville could teach that the spirit or soul in man is the only real and permanent part of his being; everything else pertaining to him is illusory and transitory.因此,也科尔维尔可以教导,这一精神或灵魂,在人,是唯一能够真正和永久的一部分,他的身心健康;一切有关他的将是虚幻和短暂性。 Solidarity, ie the common life pervading all things, is thus made the basis of morality.团结的,即共同生活中普遍存在的一切事物,因而取得的基础道德。 Hence a wrong done to one is done to all, as eg an injury inflicted on one part of the human organism results in pain diffused and felt throughout.因此一个错误做一做,因为如受伤对其中一部分人的肌体导致的疼痛弥漫,并感受到。 At the same time we are told that God is good and man immortal, that the "immanence of God justifies religion", ie the search after Him, that all things move to good and to man's benefit, that man must understand and co-operate with the scheme of things.在同一时间,有人告诉我们,上帝是一件好事,人的不朽,即"内在的神有理由宗教" ,即搜索后,他指出,所有的东西搬到良好,并以人的利益,那人必须了解和合作经营该计划的事情。
Man has seven aspects, or rather is being composed of seven principles.男子有七个方面的,或者更确切地说,是被组成的七项原则。 These are viewed in two groups: the Quarternary, corresponding to our animal nature, ie soul and body, the mortal part of man, the products of evolution; and the Triad, corresponding to our spiritual nature, ie spirit, for theosophists say that Christian philosophy hold the threefold division of body; soul, and spirit in man.所有这些都将在两组:四元,相当于我们的动物性,即灵魂与身体,凡人的一部分人,是产品的演变及三合会,相当于我们的精神本质,即精神,为theosophists说基督教哲学举行了三倍分工机构;灵魂和精神的人。 The Quaternary is made up of Sthula Sharira, ie physical body; Linga Sharira, ie astral double; Prana, ie principle of life; Kama, ie our passional nature.第四纪是由无数的sthula sharira ,即肉体; linga sharira ,即星际一倍; prana ,即原则上的生活;卡马,即我们passional性质。 The Triad is composed of: Manas, ie mind or the thinker; Buddhi, ie the dwelling-place of spirit; Atnir, ie spirit.三合会的组成如下:玛纳斯,即记或思想家; buddhi ,即居住的地方,精神; atnir ,即精神。 Hence we find Atnir-Buddhi used conjointly.因此,我们找到atnir - buddhi用conjointly 。 This Triad is called the Immortal Triad.这个黑社会是所谓的不朽黑社会。 It is united to the Quaternary by Manas, in itself viewed as Higher Manas, sending out a Ray, which as Lower Manas is imbedded in Karma.这是美国向第四纪由玛纳斯,本身就被视为高玛纳斯,送出了光明,它为低玛纳斯是名列榜首的因果报应。 Thus Kama-Manas is the link joining our animal to our spiritual nature, and is the battle-ground of life's struggles.因此,卡马-玛纳斯是连接加入我们的动物,以我们的精神本质,是身经百战的地面生活的斗争。 Man is primarily divine, a spark of the Divine life; this living flame passing out from the Central Fire, weaves for itself coverings within which it dwells and thus becomes the Triad, the Atma-Buddhi-Manas, the Immortal Self.男子主要是神圣的,一点点的神圣生命,这生活火焰结业,由中央消防,编织出自己的罩棚内,它整篇从而成为黑社会, atma - buddhi -玛纳斯,不朽的自我。 This sends out its Ray, which becomes encased in grosser matter, in the Kamic body, in the Astral Double, and in the physical body.这发出了它的光,它已经成为我们包裹在grosser事,在kamic机构,在星际双打金牌,并在肉体。 The Astral Double, ie rarer matter, the exact double of the physical body, plays a great part in spiritualistic phenomena.星际一倍,即罕见的事,确实双重的肉体,发挥了很大的一部分,在spiritualistic现象。 The Manas is the real I, the reincarnating ego makes the human personality.玛纳斯是真正的我, reincarnating自我使得人的个性。 The Quaternary as a whole is viewed as the Personality, ie the shadow of the self.第四纪作为一个整体来看待,作为个性,即阴影自我。 In fact each principle or aspect may be considered a Personality in so far as it undervalues Atma, ie throws its shadow over Atma, ie the One Eternal Existence.事实上每一项原则或方面可将其视为一种人格至今,因为它低估了atma ,即全中,其阴影atma ,即一个永恒的存在。 The seer however knows that Atma is the one reality, the essence of all things, that Atma-Buddhi is the Universal One Soul, itself an aspect of Atma, that Atma-Buddhi-Manas is the individual mind or Thinker, that the shadow of Manas, our Atma-Buddhi, makes men say "my soul" and "thy soul", whereas in reality we are all one with Atma, the Unknown Root.这个季节能效比,但也知道atma ,是一个现实的,本质上的一切事物,即atma - buddhi是普遍有一个灵魂,这个事实本身的一个方面atma , atma - buddhi -玛纳斯是个人心态或思想家,即阴影玛纳斯,我们atma - buddhi ,使得男人说: "我的灵魂" , "你的灵魂" ,而在现实中,我们都是同一个atma ,未知的治本方法。 After death all of the Manasic Ray that is pure and unsoiled gradually disentangles itself, carrying with it such of life's experiences as are of a nature fit for assimilation with the Higher Ego.死亡后,所有的manasic射线是纯洁和unsoiled逐步disentangles本身,背着它这种人生的经验,是一个性质适合同化与更高的自我。 The Manasic Ego united to Atma-Buddhi passes into the Devachonic state of consciousness, rapt in blissful dreams coloured by the experiences of the earth-life.该manasic自我团结,以atma - buddhi通行证进入devachonic意识状态, rapt在大幸事梦想色彩的经验,地球的生命周期。 This state is a continuation of the earth-life shorn of its sorrows, and a completion of its noble and pure wishes.这种状况是一个延续地球生命shorn其痛苦,并完成其崇高和纯洁的愿望。
Theosophy is not only a basis of religion; it is also a philosophy of life. theosophy不仅是一个宗教基础,它也是人生哲学。 As such, its main teachings are reincarnation and the law of Karma.因此,它的主要教义是轮回和法律赋予的因果报应。 Karma is the outcome of the collective life, a law of ethical causation.因果报应是成果的集体生活中,法律的道德因果关系。 In the past incarnation the ego had acquired certain faculties, set in motion certain causes.在过去的化身自我已经取得了一定的特长,设置在某些议案的原因。 The effect of these causes and of causes set in motion in previous incarnations and not yet exhausted are its Karma and determine the conditions into which the ego is reborn.的影响,这些原因和根源设在议案在以往的化身及尚未枯竭的,其因果报应,并确定了条件,其中我是重生。 Thus inequalities of natural gifts, eg genius, of temperament and of character are explained.因此,不平等的天赋,例如才华,气质和人格的力量是解释。 The law of progress is the law of involution and evolution, the returning of the Divine Spark into a unity with Spirit through various reincarnations, which are viewed as a process of purification.法律的进步是法律的乘方与演化中,选举的神圣火花,变成团结的精神,通过各种reincarnations ,认为它们是一个过程的净化。 Sin, poverty, and misery are the fruits of ignorance, and are gradually removed as the spirit in us becomes freed from earthly dross.单仲偕,贫穷和苦难是水果的无知,并逐步消除精神在我们成为摆脱俗世的糟粕。 There is no heaven nor Hell.有没有天堂也不是地狱。 Death is the passage from this state of life to another.死亡是通过从这个国家的生活到另一个地方。 There is an evolution behind and before, with absolute certainty of final attainment for every human soul, ie to be one with the Absolute.有一个演变的背后之前,绝对肯定的最终实现,为每个人的心灵,即必须有一个与绝对的。 As man advances in this process his spirit becomes stronger, and can develop latent powers, not shown in ordinary mortals.随着人类的进步,在这个过程中,他的精神变得更强,可以开发潜在的权力,而不是表现在凡人。
Criticism批评
In of a Christian ethical phraseology, theosophy in reality is a form of pantheism, and denies a personal God and personal immortality.在一个基督教伦理的说法, theosophy实际上也是另一种形式的泛神论,并否认个人的上帝和个人不死的。 Its appeal to the spiritual in man, and its striving after union with the Divine are based upon a contradictory metaphysic, an imaginary psychology, a system of ethics which recognizes no free-will, but only the absolute necessity of Karma.其呼吁的精神,在人,其努力后,联盟与神圣是根据矛盾的形而上学的,是想象的心理,伦理制度,即认识,没有自由意志,而仅是绝对有必要的因果报应。 No evidence or proof is given for its teaching except the simple statements of its leaders.没有证据或证明,是由于其教学中,除了简单的报表,它的领导人。 The denial of a personal God nullifies its claim to be a spiritualistic philosophy.剥夺个人的上帝勾销其索赔是一个spiritualistic哲学。 Judging it as presented by its own exponents, it appears to be a strange mixture of mysticism, charlatanism, and thaumaturgic pretension combined with an eager effort to express its teaching in words which reflect the atmosphere of Christian ethics and modern scientific truths.看它由它自己的指数,这似乎是一个奇怪的混合物神秘主义, charlatanism , thaumaturgic预紧加上一个热心的努力,以表达其教学中的话,反映了大气中的基督教伦理和现代科学的真理。
Publication information Written by John T. Driscoll.出版信息书面约翰汤匙driscoll 。 Transcribed by Virginia Mokslaveskas-Funkhouser.转录由弗吉尼亚mokslaveskas - funkhouser 。 Dedicated to Tess Olivia The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume XIV.致力于苔丝张震天主教百科全书,体积十四。 Published 1912. 1912年出版。 New York: Robert Appleton Company.纽约:罗伯特Appleton还公司。 Nihil Obstat, July 1, 1912. nihil obstat , 1912年7月1日。 Remy Lafort, STD, Censor.人头马lafort ,性病,检查员。 Imprimatur. imprimatur 。 +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York +约翰farley枢机主教,大主教纽约
Bibliography
参考书目
Wright, Modern
Theosophy (Boston and New York, 1894): Besant, Theosophical Manuals (London, New
York and Madras, 1892); Lectures on the History of Religons: Catholic Truth
Society: V, Theosophy (London and New York, 1911); Hull, Theosophy and
Christianity (Catholic Truth Society); De Grandmaison, Le Lotus Bleu in series
Science et Religion (Paris); Busnelli, Manuale di Teosofia (Rome, 1910);
Oltramere L'historie des idées théosophiques dans l'Inde (Paris); Clarke in The
Month (Jan., Feb., March, 1897).赖特,现代theosophy (波士顿和纽约, 1894年) : besant ,
theosophical手册(伦敦,纽约和马德拉斯, 1892年) ;讲授历史religons :天主教真理社会:五, theosophy (伦敦及纽约,
1911年) ;船体, theosophy和基督教(天主教真理学会) ;德朗梅松,乐荷花路兰在一系列科学与宗教(巴黎) ;布斯里尼,
manuale迪teosofia (罗马, 1910年) ; oltramere l'的历史万主要概念théosophiques dans l'度指数(巴黎)
;克拉克在本月( 1月, 2月, 3月, 1897年) 。
This subject presentation in the original English language这一主题演讲,在原有的英语
Send an e-mail question or comment to us: E-mail邮件发送问题或意见给我们: 电子邮箱
The main BELIEVE web-page (and the index to subjects) is at http://mb-soft.com/believe/beliecha.html主要相信网页(和索引科目) ,是在http://mb-soft.com/believe/beliecha.html