Hebron希伯伦

1. 1 。

A city of Asher, properly "Ebron"; called also Abdon.一个城市的阿什尔，妥善" ebron " ;呼吁还abdon 。

2. 2 。

A town in Palestine, about 17 miles southwest of Jerusalem; it has a population of 14,000, including 1,100 Jews—690 Sephardim and 410 Ashkenazim.一个城市在巴勒斯坦，约17里的耶路撒冷，它有人口14000人，其中包括1100名犹太人- 690 sephardim和410 ashkenazim 。 In 1890 there was a Jewish population of 1,490, but it has been diminishing.在1890年有一个犹太人口的1490年，但它已经越来越少。 Most of the Jews still live in a ghetto surrounded by walls, and known in Spanish as "El Cortijo" (the court).大部分的犹太人仍生活在一个犹太人区四周的墙壁，和已知在西班牙语为"厄尔尼诺太阳能" （法院） 。 It consists of a maze of narrow and dark passages, into which the doorways open at distances of not more than three feet.它是一个迷宫的狭隘和黑暗的通道，进入该门打开，在距离不超过3英尺。 In ancient times Hebron was known as "Kirjath-arba," after its reputed founder, Arba, father of the Anakim (Josh. xiv. 15, xxi. 11).But according to modern exegetes the name is equivalent to the "city of the four."在远古时代希伯伦被称为" kirjath - Arba的， "后，被誉为创办人， Arba的，父亲的anakim （ josh.十四，十五，二十一， 11 ） ，但根据现代exegetes的名字就等于"中电全城四个" 。 The patriarch Abraham resided at Hebron (Gen. xiii. 18, xiv. 13, xviii. 1, xxiii. 2), and purchased a cave known as the "Double Cave," where Sarah was buried.牧亚伯拉罕居住在希伯伦（创十三，十八，十四，十三，十八，一，二十三。 2 ） ，并购买了窑洞称为"双窟" ，而莎拉被安葬。 Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Leah were afterward buried there (see Machpelah).亚伯拉罕，以撒，雅各，并丽雅被随后被埋在那里（见machpelah ） 。 Jacob went from Hebron to Egypt (Gen. xxxvii. 14, xlvi. 1); the spies visited the city (Num. xiii. 22).雅各布从希伯伦向埃及（创三十七。 14 ，四十六1 ） ;间谍参观了市（ num.十三22 ） 。 In the time of Joshua, Hoham, King of Hebron, was captured there and put to death by the Israelites.在时间的约书亚， hoham ，景希伯伦被抓获，并把死刑以色列人。 Hebron and its territory were at first given to Caleb (Josh. xiv. 6 et seq. , xv. 13; Judges i. 20), and then to the Levites of the family of Kohath; it ultimately became one of the six cities of refuge (Josh. xx. 7).希伯伦，并在其领土上首先考虑就Caleb （ josh.第十四6 段及以下各段 ，十五， 13岁;法官一20 ） ，然后利的家属kohath ，它最终成为了其中的6个城市避难（ josh.二十7 ） 。 David lived there until the conquest of Jerusalem, and was there anointed as king (II Sam. ii. 1, 11; iii. 2 et seq. ; v. 1 et seq. ).大卫住在这里，直到征服耶路撒冷，并有选定的，因为国王（二萨姆二。 1 ， 11 ;三，第2 段及以下各段 ;诉一日，等等 ） 。 Absalom's revolt began there (II Sam. xv. 9 et seq. ); Rehoboam fortified the city (II Chron. xi. 10).押沙龙的起义开始有（二萨姆第十五9 页起 ） ;雷霍博姆设防城市（二慢性第十一10 ） 。

Hebron was one of the towns which possessed a Jewish community after the return from Babylon (Neh. xi. 25), but the Idumeans appear to have afterward acquired it, since they were expelled by Judas Maccabeus (I Macc. v. 65).希伯伦的一个城镇，其中拥有一个犹太社区，香港回归后，从巴比伦（ neh.十一25 ） ，但idumeans似乎已经此后后天的，因为他们被驱逐，由犹大maccabeus （一排雷诉65 ） 。 Occupied by the Romans, it was taken by Simon, son of Gioras, one of the leaders of the insurrection; but the Roman general Cerealis retook it by storm, killed the garrison, and burned the city (Munk, "La Palestine," p. 57).占领罗马，它是由西蒙的儿子gioras领导人之一的暴动，但罗马将军cerealis夺回它的风暴，打死驻军，并放火烧城（ munk ， "香格里拉巴勒斯坦，为" P 57段） 。 Jews did not inhabit Hebron after the destruction of the Temple, nor under the Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, or Crusaders.犹太人不居住在希伯伦摧毁后的庙宇，也没有根据入乡随俗， byzantines ，阿拉伯人，或十字军。 Benjamin of Tudela found only a single Jew (1171) at St. Abraham, as Hebronwas called by the Crusaders.本杰明的图德拉发现只有一个单一的犹太人（ 1171 ）在圣亚伯拉罕，为hebronwas所谓由十字军。 He asserts, however, that the Church of St. Abraham had been a synagogue under the Turkish rule.他断言，不过，有人说，教会的圣亚伯拉罕已犹太教堂根据土耳其统治。 Forty years later R. Samuel bar Shimshon, who explored Palestine in 1209, makes no mention of Jews in Hebron.四十多年后传译塞缪尔酒吧shimshon ，他们探索了巴勒斯坦在1209 ，并没有提及犹太人在希伯伦。

The Modern Community.现代社区。

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Hebron possesses four synagogues within the ghetto and four batte ha-midrash without.希伯伦拥有4个犹太人教堂内的犹太人区和4个batte夏midrash没有。 The oldest synagogue, that of Abraham Abinu, is supposed to date back three centuries.最古老的犹太教堂，也就是亚伯拉罕abinu ，是要追溯到3个世纪。 It was restored in 1738 and enlarged in 1864.这是恢复了在1738年和扩大会议于1864年。 The others are Keneset Eliyyah Mani (like the former, Sephardic), and two Ashkenazic.其他人都是keneset eliyyah玛尼（如前者， sephardic ） ，有两ashkenazic 。 There are three yeshibot, the oldest having been founded by Israel Ẓebi (d. 1731); the second was formed by the union of four older yeshibot.有三个yeshibot ，最年长的已成立由以色列ẓebi （四1731 ） ，第二次是由联盟的4个老年人yeshibot 。 It possesses the library of Vivas, a native of Leghorn, and is very rich in Spanish works.它具有图书馆的vivas ，土生土长的莱航，是很丰富的西班牙语作品。 Hebron possesses four Talmud Torahs for Sephardim and one for Ashkenazim.希伯伦拥有4个犹太法典torahs为sephardim一ashkenazim 。 There are three mutual-aid societies and a free dispensary.有3个互助的社会和一个自由的药房。 The Sephardic community is administered by the chief rabbiand a council of seven members; the Ashkenazic by the chief rabbi and a council of three.该sephardic社区的管理工作由行政rabbiand理事会7名成员组成; ashkenazic由首席拉比和一个3 。 Most of the Jews are supported by the "ḥaluḳḳah," but there are a few carpenters and shoemakers.大部分的犹太人都支持由" ḥaluḳḳah " ，但也确有少数木工和制鞋企业。 Among the antiquities are the Double Cave, revered by the Mohammedans; the ruins of Abraham's house; the tombs of Gad, Nathan the prophet, Abner (David's commander-in-chief), and others.其中古物是双洞，崇敬Mohammedan人;废墟中的亚伯拉罕的房子;陵墓的总装，弥敦道的先知， abner （大卫的总指挥官）等。 The modern name of the town is Al-Khalil (lit. "the friend" [ ie , of God], a name by which Abraham was known; comp. Isa. xli. 8).现代名称的城市是哈利勒（ lit. "朋友" ， 即上帝的] ，这个名字，其中亚伯拉罕是众所周知的;可比。伊萨。四十一8 ） 。

Numerous rabbinical authors have lived at Hebron, including Elijah de Vidas (1525), author of "Reshit Ḥokmah"; Solomon Edni (1622), author of "Meleket Shelomoh"; Moses ha-Levi (1668), author of "Yede Mosheh"; Israel Ẓebi (1731), author of "Urim Gedolim"; Abraham Conque (1740), author of "Abaḳ Derakim"; Ḥayyim Abraham Israel Ẓebi (1776), author of "Be'er Mayim Ḥayyim"; Aaron Alfandari (1772), author of "Yad Aharon" and "Merkebet ha-Mishneh"; Mordecai Ruvio (1785), author of "Shemen ha-Mor"; Judah Divan (1792), author of "Zibḥe Shelamim"; Elijah Sliman Mani (d. 1878), author of "Kisse Eliyahu"; Raḥamim Joseph Franco (d. 1901), author of "Sha'are Raḥamim"; Hezekiah Medini, author of "Sedeh Ḥemed."许多犹太作家都住在希伯伦，包括以利亚德vidas （ 1525 ） "的作者reshit ḥokmah " ;所罗门edni （ 1622 ） "的作者meleket shelomoh " ;摩西公顷-利维（ 1668 ） "的作者yede mosheh " ;以色列ẓebi （ 1731 ） "的作者urim gedolim " ;亚伯拉罕conque （ 1740 ） "的作者abaḳ derakim " ; ḥayyim亚伯拉罕以色列ẓebi （ 1776 ） "的作者be'er mayim ḥayyim " ;阿伦阿尔方达里（ 1772 ） "的作者亚得aharon "和" merkebet夏事审判" ; mordecai ruvio （ 1785 ） "的作者shemen公顷-铁道部" ;犹大经营毒窟（ 1 792年） "的作者z ibḥes helamim" ;利亚s liman玛尼（四1 878年） "的作者kisse eliyahu " ; raḥamim约瑟夫佛朗哥（四1901 ） "的作者sha'are raḥamim " ; hezekiah梅迪尼"的作者sedeh ḥemed " 。

Bibliography 参考书目
Azulai, Shem ha-Gedolim ; azulai ， SHEM后，房委会- gedolim ;
Hazan, Ha-Ma'alot li-Shelomoh , Alexandria, 1889; hazan ， 夏ma'alot李- shelomoh ，亚历山大， 1889年;
S. Munk, La Palestine , Paris;第munk ， 香格里拉巴勒斯坦 ，巴黎;
Benjamin II., Acht Jahre in Asien und Afrika ;本杰明二， 阿赫特jahre在asien und非洲 ;
Abraham Ḥayyim Penso, Minḥat Ḳena'ot , Jerusalem, 1879;亚伯拉罕ḥayyim penso ， minḥat ḳena'ot ，耶路撒冷， 1879年;
Luncz, Jerusalem , 1895-1901. luncz ， 耶路撒冷 ， 1895年至1901年。

M. Franco米佛朗哥
Jewish Encyclopedia, published between 1901-1906.犹太百科全书出版1901年至1906年之间。

3. 3 。

Third son of Kohath, son of Levi and founder of the Levitic family, the Hebronites (Ex. vi. 18; Num. iii. 19, 27; xxvi. 58).第三个儿子的kohath的儿子，利维和创始人之一levitic家庭中， hebronites （如六。 18 ;序号。三， 19日， 27日;二十六。 58 ） 。 The Hebronites are often mentioned in the enumerations of the Levites, under the name either of "Ha-Ḥebroni" (Num. iii. 27, xxvi. 58; I Chron. xxvi. 23, 30, 31) or of "Bene-Ḥebron" (I Chron. xv. 9, xxiii. 19).该hebronites常常提到，在enumerations的利，名义下，无论是"房委会- ḥebroni " （ num.三， 27 ， 26 ， 58 ，我慢性。 26 。 23 ， 30 ， 31 ）或"益处- ḥebron " （我慢性。十五，九，二十三， 19 ） 。 In the time of David the chief of the Hebronites was called Jeriah (I Chron. xxiii. 19, and elsewhere).在时间的大卫行政的hebronites被称为jeriah （我慢性。二十三， 19日，和其它地方） 。 In the fortieth year of David's reign the Hebronites were settled at Jazer in Gilead, of whom 2,700 mighty men were appointed by the king superintendents over the two and one-half tribes, and 1,700, under Hashahiah, held similar positions on the west of the Jordan ( ib. xxvi. 30, 31).在40年的大卫的统治了hebronites分别收于jazer在基列名，其中2700名威武男子由国王任命警司在过去两年经历一个半部落， 1700 ，下hashahiah ，举行了类似的立场，对西方国家的约旦（ ib.二十六。 30 ， 31 ） 。

4. 4 。

One of the tribe of Judah, a descendant of Caleb ( ib. ii. 42, 43)其中一个部落的犹大，子孙就Caleb （ ib.二， 42 ， 43 ）

Gotthard Deutsch, M. Franco, Emil G. Hirsch, M. Seligsohn 。 Gotthard道依茨，米佛朗哥，埃米尔g.赫希，米seligsohn
Jewish Encyclopedia, published between 1901-1906.犹太百科全书出版1901年至1906年之间。

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