The plethora of symbols and attributes used by the Romans contrasted sharply to the few, simple images used by the early Christians, who had to be circumspect in the face of religious persecution.五花八门的符号和属性所使用入乡随俗鲜明对比，以少数，简单的图象所使用的早期基督徒，他们都必须小心谨慎，在面对宗教迫害。 On sacramental cups, seals, and lamps the Holy Spirit was symbolized by a dove and Christ by a fish (perhaps because at the time fish was one of the elements of the sacred meal) or by a shepherd carrying a sheep on his shoulders (from Luke 15:3-7).关于圣杯，公章，并灯具圣灵，是象征着一个鸽派和基督的一条鱼（或许是因为在当时的鱼类的要素之一是神圣餐） ，或由一个牧羊人携带绵羊对他的肩膀上（从卢克15:3-7 ） 。 The Savior was also represented by a monogram formed by combining the Greek letters chi and rho (XP), the first two letters of the Greek word for Christ.救世主，也都代表了一个会标，形成有机结合希腊字母池和rho （ XP ）的，前两个字母的希腊字为基督。
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Editor's Note: I heard an interesting speculation regarding this subject, but one which has no confirmation and probably no possible confirmation.编者按：最近，我听到一个很有趣的猜测就这个问题，但其中并没有确认，并可能没有可能确认。 The claim starts with the observation that when two strangers would meet, neither really knew if the other was a Christian or someone who might turn them in to the Roman soldiers to be immediately killed.索赔开始与观察时，被两名陌生满足，也真正知道如果对方是一个基督徒或某人有可能使他们在到罗马帝国士兵立即死亡。 And so either one might rather casually use their toe to fidget around, not drawing any special attention from any Romans who might be nearby.等，其中一项可能，而不是随便使用自己的脚趾，以fidget左右，并没有作出任何特别注意从任何入乡随俗的人，可能在附近。 A person might then easily draw out the simple outline of a fish in the dust or dirt.一个人可以那么容易地绘制出简单的轮廓是一条鱼在灰尘或污物。 If the other person was NOT a Christian, they would not know what that meant and would simply attribute it to doodling.如果其他人是不是基督徒，他们也不会知道是什么意思，并会简单地归结于它doodling 。 However, if the other person WAS a Christian, then the message would be passed.但是，如果其他人是一个基督徒，那么讯息都会获得通过。 This seems credible because it seems one of the few possible reasonably safe ways to find out if others were Christians or not, in an environment where all Christians were expected to be killed as enemies.这似乎是可信的，因为它似乎是其中的几个可能的合理的安全的方式找到了，如果其他人都是基督徒与否，在一个环境，使所有基督信徒被预期可杀死敌人。
Among the symbols employed by the primitive Christians, that of the fish ranks probably first in importance.其中符号所雇用的原始基督徒，也就是鱼类的行列，可能首先在重要的。 While the use of the fish in pagan art as a purely decorative sign is ancient and constant, the earliest literary reference to the symbolic fish is made by Clement of Alexandria, born about 150, who recommends his readers (Paedagogus, III, xi) to have their seals engraved with a dove or a fish.而使用该鱼在异教的艺术品作为纯粹的装饰性标志，是古代和不断的，现存的最早的文学参考，以象征性的鱼类是由克莱门特的亚历山德里亚，出生约150人，世卫组织建议他的读者（ paedagogus ，三，喜）有自己的印章，刻有鸽子或一条鱼。 Clement did not consider it necessary to give any reason for this recommendation, from which it may be safely be inferred that the meaning of both symbols was unnecessary.克莱门特认为没有必要给予任何理由为这一建议，由它可以安全地推断，两者的意义象征，是不必要的。 Indeed, from monumental sources we know that the symbolic fish was familiar to Christians long before the famous Alexandrian was born; in such Roman monuments as the Capella Greca and the Sacrament Chapels of the catacomb of St. Callistus, the fish was depicted as a symbol in the first decades of the second century.的确，从不朽的来源，我们知道，象征性鱼类熟悉的基督徒早在著名的亚历山大出生，在这种罗马古迹作为capella greca和圣餐教堂的catacomb圣callistus ，鱼被描绘成为一个象征在第一个十年的第二个世纪。
The symbol itself may have been suggested by the miraculous multiplication of the loaves and fishes or the repast of the seven Disciples, after the Resurrection, on the shore of the Sea of Galilee (John 21:9), but its popularity among Christians was due principally, it would seem, to the famous acrostic consisting of the initial letters of five Greek words forming the word for fish (Ichthys), which words briefly but clearly described the character of Christ and His claim to the worship of believers: Iesous Christos Theou Yios Soter, ie Jesus Christ, Son of God, Saviour.符号本身可能已经提议由神奇的乘法的面包和鱼或repast的七个弟子，复活之后，对海岸的加利利（约翰21时09分） ，但其广受欢迎的基督徒，是因为主要是，它似乎是，以著名的acrostic构成的首字母的五个希腊字组成词鱼（ ichthys ） ，其中字简略，但很明显，描述了性格的基督和他自称崇拜的信徒： iesous克里斯托theou yios SOTER的，即耶稣基督，上帝的儿子，救世主。 (See the discourse of Emperor Constantine, "Ad coetum Sanctorum" c. xviii.) It is not improbable that this Christian formula originated in Alexandria, and was intended as a protest against the pagan apotheosis of the emperors; on a coin from Alexandria of the reign of Domitian (81-96) this emperor is styled Theou Yios (Son of God). （见话语皇帝君士坦丁， "专案coetum sanctorum "长十八）它不是琢磨这个公式基督教起源于亚历山大，并打算作为抗议，对异教的典范皇帝;一枚硬币，从亚历山德里亚的腥风血雨的domitian （ 81-96 ） ，这是皇帝施展theou yios （上帝的儿子） 。
The word Ichthys, then, as well as the representation of a fish, held for Christians a meaning of the highest significance; it was a brief profession of faith in the divinity of Christ, the Redeemer of mankind.字ichthys ，那么，以及作为代表性的是一条鱼，举行基督徒意思的最高意义，它是一个简短界的信仰基督的神，救赎人类。 Believers in this mystic Ichthys were themselves "little fishes", according to the well-known passage of Tertullian (De baptismo, c. 1): "we, little fishes, after the image of our Ichthys, Jesus Christ, are born in the water".信徒们在这神秘ichthys人自称"小鱼" ，根据著名的通过戴尔都良（德baptismo ，长1 ）说： "我们少，鱼类，以后的形象，我们ichthys ，耶稣基督，是出生在水" 。
The association of the Ichthys with the Eucharist is strongly emphasized in the epitaph of Abercius, the second century Bishop of Hierapolis in Phrygia, and in the somewhat later epitaph of Pectorius of Autun.该协会的ichthys与圣体圣事是极力强调在墓志铭abercius ，在公元二世纪的主教hierapolis在phrygia ，并在晚些时候墓志铭pectorius的欧坦。 Abercius tells us on the aforesaid monument that in his journey from his Asiatic home to Rome, everywhere on the way he received as food "the Fish from the spring, the great, the pure", as well as "wine mixed with water, together with bread". abercius告诉我们，就上述丰碑，在他的征途上，从他的亚洲主页，以罗马，到处是路，他所收到的食品"的鱼从春天，伟大，纯粹的" ，以及"酒与水混合，加上与面包" 。 Pectorius also speaks of the Fish as a delicious spiritual nurture supplied by the "Saviour of the Saints". pectorius中还谈到了鱼类作为一种美味的精神培育，由"救世主的圣人" 。 In the Eucharistic monuments this idea is expressed repeatedly in the pictorial form; the food before the banqueters is invariably bread and fish on two separate dishes.在圣体圣事的纪念碑，这一主张是反复表达的，在图案的形式;食物前banqueters总是面包和鱼两个不同的菜肴。 The peculiar significance attached to the fish in this relation is well brought out in such early frescoes as the Fractio Panis scene in the cemetery of St. Priscilla, and the fishes on the grass, in closest proximity to the baskets containing bread and wine, in the crypt of Lucina.特殊意义附着在鱼的这种关系是好带出，在这种早期的壁画作为fractio潘尼斯现场，在墓地的圣priscilla ，和鱼放在基层，在最接近篮子载有面包和酒，在地下室lucina 。 (See SYMBOLISM OF THE EUCHARIST.) （见象征的圣体圣事） 。
The fish symbol was not, however, represented exclusively with symbols of the Eucharist; quite frequently it is found associated with such other symbols as the dove, the anchor, and the monogram of Christ.鱼象征，是没有，不过，专为代表的符号的圣体圣事;相当频繁，它是发现了与此类其他符号作为鸽派，锚，并会标的的喊声。 The monuments, too, on which it appears, from the first to the fourth century, include frescoes, sculptured representations, rings, seals, gilded glasses, as well as enkolpia of various materials.古迹，也对其中出现的，从第一到第四个世纪，包括壁画，雕塑交涉，戒指，印章，镀金眼镜，以及enkolpia的各种材料。 The type of fish depicted calls for no special observation, save that, from the second century, the form of the dolphin was frequently employed.该类型的鱼描绘的呼吁并没有特别的观察，挽救说，从公元二世纪，形式海豚经常被聘用。 The reason for this particular selection is presumed to be the fact that, in popular esteem, the dolphin was regarded as friendly to man.这一现象的原因，特别是选择的是被推定为事实，即在流行的自尊心，海豚被视为友善的人。
Besides the Eucharistic frescoes of the catacombs a considerable number of objects containing the fish-symbol are preserved in various European museums, one of the most interesting, because of the grouping of the fish with several other symbols, being a carved gem in the Kircherian Museum in Rome.除了圣体圣事的壁画的窟里相当数量的物体，载鱼的象征，保存在欧洲各博物馆，其中最有趣的，因为该集团的鱼类和其他几个符号，作为一个创业板刻在kircherian博物馆在罗马。 On the left is a T-form anchor, with two fishes beneath the crossbar, while next in order are a T-form cross with a dove on the crossbar and a sheep at the foot, another T-cross as the mast of a ship, and the good shepherd carrying on His shoulders the strayed sheep.在左边是一个T形锚，有两个鱼下方横梁，而未来在治安，是一个T形交叉与鸽派对横梁和羊脚，另一个的T交叉作为桅杆的船，并善牧继承他的肩膀上的strayed羊。 In addition to these symbols the five letters of the word Ichthys are distributed round the border.除了这些象征了五封字ichthys分布一轮边界。 Another ancient carved gem represents a ship supported by a fish, with doves perched on the mast and stern, and Christ on the waters rescuing St. Peter.另一种古代刻在创业板上市，代表船，辅以鱼，鸽子perched对桅杆和斯特恩，和基督对水域挽救圣彼得。
After the fourth century the symbolism of the fish gradually disappeared; representations of fishes on baptismal fonts and on bronze baptismal cups like those found at Rome and Trier, now in the Kircherian Museum, are merely of an ornamental character, suggested, probably by the water used in baptism.后四世纪的象征意义鱼逐渐消失;交涉，对鱼类的洗礼字体和对青铜圣洗杯子像那些发现在罗马和特里尔，现在在kircherian博物馆，都只是一种装饰性的性格，建议，可能是由水所用的洗礼。
Publication information Written by Maurice M. Hassett.出版信息写莫里斯米哈塞特。 Transcribed by Mary and Joseph P. Thomas.转录由玛利亚和约瑟夫体育托马斯。 In memory of Elizabeth Kunneth The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume VI.在记忆的伊丽莎白kunneth天主教百科全书，第六卷。 Published 1909. 1909年出版。 New York: Robert Appleton Company.纽约：罗伯特Appleton还公司。 Nihil Obstat, September 1, 1909. nihil obstat ， 1909年9月1日。 Remy Lafort, Censor.人头马lafort ，检查员。 Imprimatur. imprimatur 。 +John M. Farley, Archbishop of New York +约翰米farley ，大主教纽约
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