Properly, a "witness" (martys) is "one who testifies" (martyreo) by act or word his "testimony" (martyrion) to the truth.适当时， "证人" （ martys ）是"一个人证明" （ martyreo ）以行为或词他的"见证意见书" （ martyrion ） ，以与事实不符。 This act of testifying is called his "testimony" (martyria).这种行为作证，是他的所谓"证言" （ martyria ） 。 In ancient days, as at the present, this was a legal term designating the testimony given for or against one on trial before a court of law.在古代天，截至目前为止，这是一个法律术语指定的证词支持或反对的一对审判之前，法院的法律。 In Christian usage the term came to mean the testimony given by Christian witnesses to Christ and his saving power.在基督教用法一词来指证词，由基督教见证基督和他的节省电力。 Because such testimony often means arrest and scourging (cf. Matt. 10:18; Mark 13:9), exile (Rev. 1:9), or death (cf. Acts 22:20; Rev. 2:13; 17:6) the Greek was transliterated to form the English word "martyr," meaning one who suffers or dies rather than give up his faith.因为这样的证词往往意味着逮捕和scourging （参见马特。 10时18分;马克13时09分） ，流放（启示录1时09分） ，或死亡（参见行为， 22时20分;牧师2时13分， 17 ： 6 ） ，希腊是译音，组成英文单词"烈士" ，也就是说一个人受害或死亡，而不是放弃他的信仰。 However, in the NT suffering was an incidental factor in the word.不过，在新台币痛苦是一个偶发性因素在字。
A thorough study of witnessing would necessitate a study of the whole Bible.深入研究的见证，将须研究整个圣经。 Such words as preaching, teaching, and confessing would have to be included.听到这样的话，作为传道，教学，并供认，都必须包括在内。 Greek words (fifteen in number) stemming from "witness" (martys) are used over two hundred times in the NT.希腊字（ 15份） ，所产生的"证人" （ martys ）是用超过200倍，在新台币。 The most common usage is found in the Johannine writings, in which seventy-six instances are found.最常见的用法是在johannine著作，其中76实例被发现。 Acts has thirty-nine instances and the Pauline writings thirty-five.行为已39事例和宝莲著作35 。
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First, there are those testimonies which are meant to establish the incarnation and the truth of Christianity.第一，有那些证词是指建立化身和真理的基督教。 In John's Gospel, where this is primary, we find instances of all the main witnesses.在约翰的福音，而这是小学，我们看到的事例所有的主要证人。 John the Baptist "bears testimony" (martyreo) to Jesus as the coming Savior of the world (John 1:7-8, 15, 32, 34; 3:26; 5:32).施洗约翰的"见证" （ martyreo ） ，以耶稣为未来的救世主，世界（约翰福音1:7-8 ， 15 ， 32 ， 34 ; 3时26分; 5时32分） 。 The works that Jesus did were a testimony that he came from the Father (John 5:36); this explains why John called the miracles "signs" (semeion).工程耶稣是一个证词中说，他来自父亲（约翰5点36分） ，这也解释了为什么约翰被称为奇迹"的标志" （ semeion ） 。 The OT Scriptures are a testimony to Jesus (John 5:39); this thought is behind most of the NT quotations from the OT.职能治疗经文是一个见证耶稣（约翰5点39分） ;这个思想，是最落后的新台币报价，从城市旅游局。 After the resurrection the main evidences of the truth of Christianity are the ministry of the Holy Spirit (John 15:26), the witness of the disciples to the resurrection (Acts 1:22), and the signs and wonders by which God attested the ministry of the apostles and the churches (Heb. 2:4).复活之后的主要证据的真相，基督教是内政部圣灵（约翰福音15:26 ） ，证人的门徒，以复活（使徒1:22 ） ，以及交通标志和奇迹，其中神核签了财政部使徒和教会（希伯来书2:4 ） 。
The pattern of
Christian missionary and evangelistic activity is set in the
NT.该模式的基督教传教士和布道活动，是订在新台币。 Several principles
emerge.几个原则涌现。
Witness of the Spirit (Rom. 8:16), is the consciousness of the gracious operation of the Spirit on the mind, "a certitude of the Spirit's presence and work continually asserted within us", manifested "in his comforting us, his stirring us up to prayer, his reproof of our sins, his drawing us to works of love, to bear testimony before the world," etc.证人的精神（罗马书8时16分） ，是意识的殷勤运作的精神，对心目中， " certitude的精神的存在和工作，不断地断言，在我们心里" ，体现了"在他的安慰我们，他的悲壮使我们的祷告，他谴责的是我们的罪过，他的绘画，我们的作品，爱，见证世界面前， "等。
(Easton Illustrated Dictionary) （伊斯顿说明字典）
One who is present, bears testimony, furnishes evidence or proof.谁是目前，印证，提供了证据或证明。 Witnesses are employed in various ecclesiastical matters, as in civil, in proof of a statement, fact, or contract.证人是受雇于各教会事务，为公民，在举证的一份声明中，事实上，或合约。 According to various circumstances a witness is one who is personally present and sees some act or occurrence and can bear testimony thereto; one who on request or in behalf of a party subscribes his name to an instrument to attest the genuineness of its execution; one who gives testimony on the trial of a cause, appearing before a court, judge, or other official to be examined under oath.根据不同的情况下，一个证人是一个人，是亲自出席，并认为有些行为或发生，并能见证;一个人的请求或代表一党赞同他的名字，以一种工具，以证明的真实性，其处决，其中一人给人的证词对审判的一个原因，出现在法庭上，法官，或其他官方，以审查下宣誓。 The espousals of Catholics ("Ne temere") to be binding must be in writing, signed by the contracting parties and ordinarily by two witnesses, or by a pastor or ordinary, each within his own territory, as sole witnesses.该espousals的天主教徒（ "氦氖temere " ） ，以具有约束力，必须以书面形式签订，由缔约各方和通常由两名证人，或由牧师或普通，每个他在自己的领土上，作为唯一的证人。 In case either or both parties are unable for any cause to write, an additional witness is necessary.在案件一方或双方当事人不能为任何事业，以收件，加开证人是必要的。 Catholics are incapable of entering into lawful wedlock ("Ne temere") except in the presence of a parish priest, or ordinary, or other priest duly delegated, and two witnesses.天主教徒都无法进入合法的非婚生子女（ "氦氖temere " ） ，除在出席会议的一位本堂司铎，或普通，或其他牧师正式授予的，并有两名证人。 Though not necessary for validity of the act, the Church desires in both cases that these witnesses be Catholics (SO, 19 Aug., 1891).虽然不是必需的行为的效力，教会欲望，在这两种情况下，这些证人被天主教徒（如此， 1891年8月19日） 。 Witnesses of a marriage sign no ecclesiastical document, though they may be called upon by the state to attest by their own hand certain civil records.证人的婚姻没有任何迹象教会文件中，虽然他们可能被要求由国家来证明，由他们自己的手某些公民记录。 Sponsors at baptism and confirmation are not properly witnesses; they assist for other purposes (see RELATIONSHIP).赞助商的洗礼，并确认没有得到妥善的证人，他们协助转作其他用途（见关系） 。 A canonical precept, when employed, must be delivered in the presence of the vicar general or two others as witnesses (Cum magnopere, VII).一个规范的信条，当就业，必须将案件中存在的副主教一般或另两名作为证人（暨Magnopere中七） 。 Ecclesiastical documents are attested or witnessed as circumstances require, eg, by the chancellor, clerk of the court, prothonotary apostolic.教会文件核签或目击视情况需要，例如，由校长，法庭的书记， prothonotary使徒。 Expert witnesses to some extent have a place in canon law.专家证人在一定程度上有一席之地，在教会法。 In ecclesiastical trials witnesses are adduced to prove a fact directly, or indirectly, ie, by establishing the falsity of the contrary.在教会审判证人是引用，以证明一个事实，直接或间接，即通过建立虚假的，相反。
The essential qualifications of a witness are knowledge of the fact at issue and truthfulness: he must be an eye-witness and trustworthy.基本资格的证人是知识的事实，在发行和真：他必须有一个目击证人和可以信赖的。 Hearsay witnesses, however, are admitted, if necessary, in matters not of a criminal nature, eg, in proof of consanguinity or other relationship, baptism, etc. Anyone not expressly prohibited may testify.传闻证人，不过，有承认，如果有需要，在事项不属于刑事性质的，例如，在证明血缘或其他关系，洗礼等，任何人没有明文禁止的，可作证。 Some, as the insane, infants, the blind or deaf, where sight or hearing is necessary for a knowledge of the facts in question, are excluded by the natural law; others by canon law, as those who are bribed or suborned, those who are infamous in law or in fact, convicted perjurors, excommunicated persons, all in a word whose veracity may be justly suspected.一些人来说，由于精神失常，婴幼儿，失明或耳聋，视力或听力有必要为了解事实的问题，并不属于由自然法;他人的教会法，为那些被收买或suborned ，那些臭名昭著的是在法律上或事实上，定罪perjurors ，驱逐的人，都在一个字，其真实性，可以理直气壮地怀疑。 The law likewise rejects those who on account of affection or enmity may be biased, as well as those who may be specially interested in the case.法律同样驳斥那些对帐户的感情或敌意，可能都有失偏颇，以及那些可能会特别感兴趣的情况。 Parents as a rule are not admitted for their children, particularly when the rights of a third party are at stake, or against them and vice-versa; relatives for one another; lawyers for their clients; accomplices or enemies for or against one another; Jews or heretics against Christians; lay persons against clerics, except their own interests are at stake, or there are no clerics to testify; minors or women in criminal cases tried criminally, unless their testimony is necessary, or they testify in favor of the accused.家长作为一项规则，是不承认他们的子女，尤其是当第三者的权利受到威胁，或者对他们反之亦然;亲属因相互补充;律师为自己的客户;共犯或敌人，或反对的相互补充;犹太人或异教徒对基督信徒;外界人士对神职人员，除了他们自身的利益受到威胁时，或者有没有教士作证;未成年人或女性在刑事案件审判的刑事责任，除非他们的证词是必要的，或者他们作证，有利于被告。 Clerics, unless compelled by civil authorities, are not allowed to testify against the accused when sentence of death is to be imposed (see IRREGULARITY).神职人员，除非迫不得已，由民间机构，是不容许指证被告的时候，被判处死刑的是被强加（见不平顺） 。 There are many exceptions to these general statements.有很多，除了这些一般性发言。 A witness is more easily admitted in favour of a person than against him, and in civil than in criminal trials.证人是更容易承认，在赞成的人比反对他，并在民事，比在刑事审判。 No one is tolerated as a witness in his own case.没有人能够容忍作为证人在他自己的案例。 Hence, those who are engaged in a similar cause, a judge who has adjudicated a like case, etc. are excluded.因此，对于那些从事类似的原因，法官已经裁定，类似的案件等，被排除在外。 False witnesses are those who under oath prevaricate or conceal the truth that they are bound to tell: they are guilty of perjury, and if convicted are infamous in law.虚假证人是那些在宣誓搪塞，或隐瞒真相，他们势必要告诉：他们犯有伪证罪，如果罪名成立，是臭名昭著的法律。 Notaries or others by altering or falsifying documents substantially become guilty of forgery.公证人或由他人变造或伪造证件大幅成为犯有伪造的。
Publication information Written by Andrew B. Meehan.出版信息作者： Andrew乙meehan 。 Transcribed by Michael T. Barrett.转录由龙田巴雷特。 Dedicated to Jerry F. Kobelin The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume XV.致力于偷工减料楼kobelin天主教百科全书，体积十五。 Published 1912. 1912年出版。 New York: Robert Appleton Company.纽约：罗伯特Appleton还公司。 Nihil Obstat, October 1, 1912. nihil obstat ， 1912年10月1日。 Remy Lafort, STD, Censor.人头马lafort ，性病，检查员。 Imprimatur. imprimatur 。 +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York +约翰farley枢机主教，大主教纽约
Bibliography参考书目
Decret. decret 。 L., II, tit.属第一，二，山雀。 20, De testibus et Attestationibus; SANTI, Praelect. 20 ，德testibus等attestationibus ; santi ， praelect 。 Juris Can.; TAUNTON, The Law of the Church, sv法律可以;风景如画的，法律的教会， sv
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