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The sufferings of Christ provide the model for the believer's experience (I Pet. 2:21-25), and in some sense they participate thus in the sufferings of Christ (Col. 1:24).痛苦的基督提供榜样，让信徒的经验（我的宠物。 2:21-25 ） ，并在一定意义上，他们参与，因此，在痛苦的基督（歌1:24 ） 。 Tribulations are viewed by Scripture as entirely within the will of God, serving to promote moral purity and godly character (Rom. 5:3-4).磨难是看圣经，因为完全是上帝的意志，以服务促进道德上的纯洁性和神圣性（罗马书5:3-4 ） 。 As such, they must be endured with faith in the goodness and justice of God (see James 1:2-4, where "trials" or "temptations" labels what appears to be the same experience), thus serving as a test of the believer's faith and leading to greater stability and maturity.因此，他们必须忍受与信仰在善良和正义的神（见詹姆斯1:2-4 ，在那里， "审判"或"诱惑"标签似乎是同样的经历） ，从而充当试验研究信奉的信念和领导，以更大的稳定与成熟。
Jesus promised tribulation as the inevitable consequence of his followers' presence in the evil kosmos (John 16:33), something they could expect as a way of life.耶稣应许磨难，作为必然的后果，他的信徒们在邪恶的宇宙（约翰16时33分） ，他们所能期待的，作为一种生活的方式。 The Apostle Paul echoes this viewpoint when he warns that godly believers will certainly suffer persecution (II Tim. 3:12-13).使徒保罗呼应这一观点时，他警告说，神圣的信徒一定会遭受迫害（二添。 3:12-13 ） 。 Jesus nevertheless encouraged his followers through his overcoming of the world to seek their victory through the application of his victory.耶稣不过鼓励他的追随者通过他战胜了世界，以寻求他们的胜利，通过应用他的胜利。
This period of time will be initiated by the "abomination of desolation" (Matt. 24:15) predicted in Dan.这一段时间内，将发起"憎恶的苍凉" 。 （ 24:15 ）预言，在丹。 9:27, a desecration of the "holy place" by one whom many scholars believe is the same as the "man of lawlessness" of II Thess. 9时27分，一名亵渎"神圣的地方" ，由一人，许多学者认为是一样的"人的无法无天"的第二帖。 2:3, 4. 2:3 ， 4 。 Jesus gives specific instructions to inhabitants of Judea for their escape and warns that the intensity of its calamities would almost decimate all life (Matt. 24:15-22).耶稣给出了具体的指示居民朱迪亚，他们逃脱，并警告说，强度，其灾害将几乎decimate所有生命。 （ 24:15-22 ） 。
Since Jesus made this prophecy, major wars, catastrophes, and cosmic phenomena have stimulated belief in the presence of the great tribulation.自从耶稣所作的这个预言，大的战争，灾难和宇宙现象沉渣的信念，在存在巨大磨难。 Such a tendency is typified by Hesychius of Jerusalem in some correspondence with Augustine.这种倾向，是典型的赫西基奥斯耶路撒冷的一些书信与奥古斯丁。 Augustine disagreed, preferring to interpret such things instead as characteristics of history as a whole with no particular eschatological significance.奥古斯丁不同意，宁愿去解释这些事情，而是为特色的历史作为一个整体，没有特别eschatological意义。 In modern times some premillennialists have speculated on the trend of current events as possible precursors of the great tribulation, some even attempting to identify the antichrist with such candidates as Kaiser Wilhelm II and Mussolini.在近代一些premillennialists炒作的趋势，目前的事件尽可能前兆伟大的磨难，有些人甚至试图找出箴与这些候选人作为凯撒威廉二世与墨索里尼。
Adherents of the major millennial views place the great tribulation at different points in relation to the millennium. Both postmillennialists and amillennialists regard it as a brief, indefinite period of time at the end of the millennium, usually identifying it with the revolt of Gog and Magog of Rev. 20:8-9. Postmillennialists view history as moving toward the Christianization of the world by the church and a future millennium of undetermined length on earth culminating in the great tribulation and final return of Christ. 遗民主要千年的看法发生了很大的磨难，在不同点在千年都 postmillennialists和amillennialists把它作为一个简单来说，不定时间内，在千禧年的结束，通常会找出它与反抗gog和玛的牧师20:8-9 。 postmillennialists鉴于历史走向基督的世界由教会和今后一个千年的未确定长度地球上最后在大磨难，并最终恢复了基督。 In contrast, amillennialists consider the millennium to be a purely spiritual reality from the first advent to the second, a period lasting already two thousand years and to culminate in the great tribulation, a somewhat less optimistic view of history and the progress of the gospel witness.相比之下， amillennialists审议千年成为一个纯粹的精神现实，从第一次的来临，给第二，一段持久已有二千年，并最终在大磨难，有点不太乐观的历史观和进步的福音见证。
To premillennialists the millennium is a future, literal thousand years on earth, and the great tribulation a chaotic period toward which history is even now moving, a decline, ie, to be terminated by the return of Christ before the millennium. One group, which describes itself as "historic" premillennialists, understands the great tribulation to be a brief but undetermined period of trouble. 以premillennialists千禧年是一个未来，从字面上1000年在地球上，伟大的磨难一个混乱的时期，对其中的历史，更是目前移动，减少了，即应终止，由回归基督之前千年，其中一组，其中形容自己是"历史性" premillennialists ，理解伟大的磨难，以尽量简短，但未确定时期的麻烦。 Another group, dispensational premillennialists, connects it with the seventieth week of Dan.另一批人， dispensational premillennialists ，连接它与第七十周丹。 9:27, a period of seven years whose latter half pertains strictly to the great tribulation. 9时27分，为期7年的下半年属于严格向伟大的磨难。
Within the premillennial movement another issue, the time of the rapture of the church, has given rise to three views. Pretribulationists (rapture prior to the seventieth week) and midtribulationists (rapture at the middle of the seventieth week) perceive the great tribulation as characterized by the wrath of God upon an unbelieving world from which the church is necessarily exempt.内部premillennial运动的另一个问题是，这个时间的破裂的教会，已经引起了三点看法。 pretribulationists （破裂之前第七十周） ，并midtribulationists （破裂，在中间的第七十周）察觉到大磨难，因为其特点由上帝所憎恶后，一个不信世界从哪个教会是必然的豁免。
Posttribulationists believe that the great tribulation is merely an intensification of the kind of tribulation the church has suffered throughout history, through which the church logically must pass. posttribulationists相信伟大的磨难，只是一个激化什么样的磨难，教会遭受整个历史中，教会和整个逻辑上一定要通过。 A more recent, novel view in the posttribulation camp seeks to maintain the imminence of the rapture despite the fact that notable tribulational events would necessarily intervene.更近期的，新颖的观点，在posttribulation营旨在保持紧迫的破裂，尽管事实显着tribulational事件一定会进行干预。 In order to do so, the events of the great tribulation would be "potential" but uncertain in their fulfillment.为了做到这一点，事件的大磨难，将"潜力" ，但不确定他们圆满。 Jesus could come at any moment, and one could look back into recent history to see events that fulfilled the great tribulation.耶稣可以在任何时刻，人们可以回顾最近的历史，看看事件实现了伟大的磨难。
WH
Baker贝克起
(Elwell Evangelical Dictionary)
（ Elwell宣布了福音字典）
Bibliography
参考书目
R. Anderson, The
Coming Prince; L. Boettner, The Millennium; MJ Erickson, Contemporary Options in
Eschatology; RN Gundry, The Church and the Tribulation; SN Gundry, "Hermeneutics
or Zeitgeist as the Determining Factor in the History of Eschatology," JETS
20:45-55; AA Hoekema, The Bible and the Future; JE Hartley, TWOT, II, 778-79; R.
Schippers, NIDNTT, II, 807-9; H. Schlier, TDNT, III, 140-48; T. Weber, Living in
the Shadow of the Second Coming; D. Wilson, Armageddon
Now!传译安德森，即将王子;属boettner ，千年;兆焦耳埃里克森，现代选择在末世;氡冈德里，教会和磨难;锡根德里，
"诠释学或时代精神作为决定性因素，在历史上的末世"喉20:45-55 ;机管局赫克玛，圣经和未来;哈特利是， 2吨，二， 778-79 ;传译schippers
， nidntt ，二， 807-9 ;每小时施利尔， tdnt ，三， 140-48 ;汤匙，韦伯，生活在阴影下的第二次来;四威尔逊，世界末日！
The Premillenarian Response to Russia
and Israel Since 1917; J. Walvoord, The Rapture
Question.该premillenarian回应俄罗斯和以色列自1917年以来的J. walvoord ，破裂的问题。
Tribulation is trouble or affiction of any kind (Deut. 4:30; Matt. 13:21; 2 Cor. 7:4).磨难是麻烦或affiction任何种类的（申命记4:30 ;马特。 13时21分， 2肺心病。 7时04分） 。 In Rom.在ROM 。 2:9 "tribulation and anguish" are the penal sufferings that shall overtake the wicked. 2点09分"的磨难和痛苦" ，是刑法的苦难应当超越坏蛋。 In Matt.在马特。 24:21, 29, the word denotes the calamities that were to attend the destruction of Jerusalem. 24:21 ， 29 ，这个词是指灾难的人参加销毁耶路撒冷。
(Easton Illustrated Dictionary) （伊斯顿说明字典）
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