Mu'tazilah mu'tazilah

Doctrines教义

A second doctrine concerned the nature of God.第二个学说关注天主的本性。 God is pure Essence and, therefore, without eternal attributes such as hands.上帝是纯粹的本质，因此，没有永恒的属性，如手中。 Passages in the Qur'an that ascribe human or physical properties to God are to be regarded as metaphorical rather than literal.通道古兰经即归于人类或物理特性，以上帝都被视为隐喻，而不是字面的。

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The Mu'tazilites also argued that the Qur'an was created and not eternal.该mu'tazilites还争辩说，可兰经，是创造而不是永恒。 The basis of this doctrine was the claim that the eternal coexistence of the Qur'an beside Allah gave the impression of another god beside Allah.根据这一学说，是指永恒的共存古兰经旁边真主给人一种印象，另一旁的神安拉。

Human acts are free and, therefore, people are entirely responsible for their decisions and actions.人的行为是自由，因此，人们完全负责，他们的决定和行动。 Divine predestination is incompatible with God's justice and human responsibility.神的宿命，是不符合上帝的公义和人类的责任。 God, however, must of necessity act justly; it follows from this that the promises of reward that God has made in the Qur'an to righteous people and the punishments he had issued to evildoers must be carried out by him on the day of judgement.上帝，但是，我认为必须采取行动，公正;遵循这个承诺的奖励就是神所取得的古兰经，以正义的人民和惩罚他曾发出恶而必须进行的，由他在当天的判决。

Mu'tazilites are generally seen as responsible for the incorporation of Greek philosophical thought into Islamic theology. mu'tazilites一般都被看作是负责把希腊哲学思想融入伊斯兰神学。 This is particularly apparent in their belief that knowledge of God can be acquired through reason as well as revelation.这一点尤其明显，他们认为知识的神只要一想就能获得通过的原因，以及启示。

History历史

At the time of the rise of the 'Abbasids in 750 the Mu'tazilites began to become prominent in the Islamic world.在当时的崛起' abbasids在750本mu'tazilites开始成为突出的是在伊斯兰世界里。 In the 9th century the 'Abbasid caliph, al-Ma'mun, raised Mu'tazilah doctrine to the status of the state creed.在9世纪'阿巴斯哈里发，铝-马穆科学院，提出mu'tazilah主义的地位，该国的信条。 Openly supported by the caliphate, the Mu'tazilites became increasingly intolerant and began to persecute their opponents.公开支持由哈里发， mu'tazilites变得越来越不能容忍，并开始迫害自己的对手。 On one occasion the eminent Sunni scholar and founder of one of the four orthodox jurisprudential schools, Ahmad b.有一次著名的逊尼派学者和奠基人之一，四个正统法理学校，艾哈迈德乙 Hanbal (d.855), was subjected to flogging and imprisonment for his refusal to subscribe to the Mu'tazilite doctrine that the Qur'an was created in time. hanbal （ d.855 ） ，其遭受鞭打及监禁他拒绝订阅该mu'tazilite学说认为古兰经创建于时间。

Always unpopular with the ordinary people, the Mu'tazilites' power gradually began to wane.总是不受欢迎的，与一般的人， mu'tazilites权力逐渐开始消退。 They lost the support of the caliphs and by the 10th century the Traditionist (Sunni majority) opposition to Mu'tazilah found a spokesman in Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari (d.935), who himself had previously been a Mu'tazilite.他们失去了支持的caliphs和由10世纪的traditionist （逊尼派多数）反对mu'tazilah发现一名发言人阿布-哈桑基地ash'ari （ d.935 ） ，他本人此前一直亩' tazilite 。 Al-Ash'ari's new school of theology and the school of Abu Mansur al-Maturidi (d.945) provided the new basis of orthodox Islamic theology, leading to the complete disappearance of the Mu'tazile movement.基地ash'ari的新学年的神学和学校的阿布曼苏尔基地maturidi （ d.945 ）提供了新的基础上的正统伊斯兰神学，导致完全消失了mu'tazile运动。

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