Maundy Thursday or Holy Thursday, is the Thursday before Easter Sunday, observed by Christians in commemoration of Christ's Last Supper (see Eucharist). maundy周四或圣周四，是周四在复活节之前周日，观察基督教徒纪念耶稣的最后的晚餐（见圣体圣事） 。 The name Maundy is derived from mandatum (Latin, "commandment"), the first word of an anthem sung in the liturgical ceremony on that day.名称maundy来自由mandira （拉丁语， "戒律" ） ，第一个字一个唱国歌，在礼仪仪式，这一天。 In Roman Catholic and many Protestant churches, the Eucharist is celebrated in an evening liturgy that includes Holy Communion.在罗马天主教和许多新教教堂，圣体圣事是在庆祝一个晚上礼仪中，其中包括圣餐。 During the Roman Catholic liturgy, the ceremony of the washing of the feet, or pedilavium, is performed: the celebrant washes the feet of 12 people to commemorate Christ's washing of his disciples' feet.在罗马天主教礼拜仪式，仪式的清洗双脚，或pedilavium ，演出：洗监礼人的脚有12人，以纪念耶稣的洗他的门徒的脚。 In England a custom survives of giving alms ("maundy pennies") to the poor; this recalls an earlier practice in which the sovereign washed the feet of the poor on Maundy Thursday.在英国一个定制生存给予施舍（ " maundy便士" ） ，向穷人，这是一个回忆以前的做法，其中主权洗脚的穷人，就maundy周四。 In most European countries, the day is known as Holy Thursday.在大多数欧洲国家一样，这一天被称为圣周四。
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Maundy Thursday is the Thursday of Holy Week, said to be named from the command (Lat. mandatum) Christ gave his followers at the Last Supper that they love one another (John 13:34). maundy周四是周四的圣周说，也被称作从指挥（ lat.由mandira ）基督给他的信徒们在最后的晚餐，他们彼此相爱（约翰13时34分） 。 Possibly the name derives from the Latin mundo, "to wash," referring to Christ's washing the feet of the apostles, an event still commemorated by Christians, including the Church of the Brethren and Roman Catholics.可能是名字来自拉丁语世界报" ，以洗" ，指基督的洗脚的使徒，事件仍在纪念基督信徒，其中包括教会的弟兄和罗马天主教徒。 As the eve of the institution of the Lord's Supper, Maundy Thursday has been kept by Christians from earliest times.作为前夕该机构的主的晚餐， maundy周四已保存的基督徒，从最早的时候。 By the fourth century it was a feast of the Jerusalem church, and in the sixth century in Gaul it was observed as Natalis Calicis ("Birthday of the Chalice").由第四世纪，它是一个盛宴的耶路撒冷教会，并在第六世纪高卢据观察所得，作为陈百祥calicis （ "生日的chalice " ） 。 In medevial England it was known as Chare Thursday (from the scrubbing of the altar) and in Germany as Green Thursday (Grundonnerstag, either from the green vestments then worn or from grunen, "to mourn").在medevial英格兰，它被称为chare周四（从洗涤的祭坛上） ，并在德国的绿色周四（ grundonnerstag ，无论是从绿色中总那么破旧或从grunen " ，以悼念" ） 。 The day is associated with Tenebrae, a ceremony of the extinguishing of candles in preparation for Good Friday.当天，是与tenebrae ，颁奖典礼的熄灭的蜡烛，准备好周五。 Observed in the Roman Catholic Church, Maundy Thursday appears on the Lutheran, Anglican, and many Reformed liturgical calendars and is almost universally celebrated with the Lord's Supper.在罗马天主教会， maundy周四出现在路德会，圣公会，而很多改革，礼仪日历和几乎普遍庆祝主的晚餐。
CG
Fry南联盟的CG
(Elwell Evangelical Dictionary)
（ Elwell宣布了福音字典）
Bibliography
参考书目
JG Davies, A
Select Liturgical Lexicon; ET Horn, III, The Christian Year; TJ Kleinhans, The
Year of the Lord. jg戴维斯，一个专责礼仪词库;等喇叭，三，基督教一年; TJ音乐克兰汉斯，今年的主。
The feast of Maundy (or Holy) Thursday solemnly commemorates the institution of the Eucharist and is the oldest of the observances peculiar to Holy Week.节日maundy （或圣）周四隆重纪念该机构的圣体圣事，是最古老的纪念活动特有的圣周。 In Rome various accessory ceremonies were early added to this commemoration, namely the consecration of the holy oils and the reconciliation of penitents, ceremonies obviously practical in character and readily explained by the proximity of the Christian Easter and the necessity of preparing for it.在罗马的各种配件仪式，为早日加入这一纪念活动，即consecration的圣地油类及和解的penitents ，仪式很明显的实际性质和容易得到解释，由邻近的基督教复活节，并有必要的准备。 Holy Thursday could not but be a day of liturgical reunion since, in the cycle of movable feasts, it brings around the anniversary of the institution of the Liturgy.圣周四，怎能不那么一天的礼仪团聚，因为在周期的动产宴，它带给周围周年，该机构的礼拜仪式。 On that day, whilst the preparation of candidates was being completed, the Church celebrated the Missa chrismalis of which we have already described the rite (see HOLY OILS) and, moreover, proceeded to the reconciliation of penitents.这一天，而编写的候选人即将完成时，教会庆祝弥撒曲" chrismalis其中，我们已经描述了成年礼（见圣油） ，而且，接着和解penitents 。 In Rome everything was carried on in daylight, whereas in Africa on Holy Thursday the Eucharist was celebrated after the evening meal, in view of more exact conformity with the circumstances of the Last Supper.在罗马的一切都进行了关于在白天，而在非洲，对圣周四圣体圣事的庆祝活动后，晚三餐，鉴于更准确的符合实际情况，就最后的晚餐。 Canon 24 of the Council of Carthage dispenses the faithful from fast before communion on Holy Thursday, because, on that day, it was customary take a bath, and the bath and fast were considered incompatible.佳能公司24日向安理会的迦太基分配信徒从快前共融圣周四，因为在那一天，这是习惯采取洗澡，洗澡的快餐被认为是不相容的。 St. Augustine, too, speaks of this custom (Ep. cxviii ad Januarium, n. 7); he even says that as certain persons did not fast on that day, the oblation was made twice, morning and evening, and in this way those who did not observe the fast could partake of the Eucharist after the morning meal, whilst those who fasted awaited the evening repast.圣奥古斯丁，也谈到了这种习俗（ ep. cxviii专案januarium ， 12月7日） ，他甚至说，由于某些人没有快就在那一天， oblation了两次，早晨和傍晚，并以这种方式那些不遵守快，可以参与的圣体后，今天上午吃饭，而那些期待已久的禁食，晚上repast 。 Holy Thursday was taken up with a succession of ceremonies of a joyful character.圣周四被带到了一个继承仪式欢乐的性格。 the baptism of neophytes, the reconciliation of penitents, the consecration of the holy oils, the washing of the feet, and commemoration of the Blessed Eucharist, and because of all these ceremonies, the day received different names, all of which allude to one or another of solemnities.洗礼neophytes ，和解的penitents ， consecration的圣油，清洗双脚，和纪念的有福了圣体圣事，因为所有这些仪式，这一天收到了不同的名称，所有这些都暗示一个或另一个solemnities 。 Redditio symboli was so called because, before being admitted to baptism, the catechumens had to recite the creed from memory, either in the presence of the bishop or his representative. redditio symboli如此命名是因为，才能获准以洗礼，慕道者不得不朗诵信条，从记忆体，无论是在场的主教或其代表。
Pedilavium (washing of the feet), traces of which are found in the most ancient rites, occurred in many churches on Holy Thursday, the capitilavium (washing of the head) having taken place on Palm Sunday (St. Augustine, "Ep. cxviii, cxix", e. 18). pedilavium （洗的脚）的痕迹，这是发现最古老的礼俗，发生在许多教堂圣周四， capitilavium （清洗头）发生了对棕榈油周日（圣奥古斯丁"的EP 。 cxviii ， cxix " ，五18 ） 。
Exomologesis, and reconciliation of penitents: letter of Pope Innocent I to Decentius of Gubbio, testifies that in Rome it was customary "quinta feria Pascha" to absolve penitents from their mortal and venial sins, except in cases of serious illness which kept them away from church (Labbe, "Concilia" II, col. 1247; St. Ambrose, "Ep. xxxiii ad Marcellinam"). exomologesis ，与和解的penitents ：信教宗无辜一至decentius的古比奥，证明在罗马，这是习惯的"金塔feria逾越节" ，以免除penitents从凡人venial罪孽，除非发生严重的疾病，其中保存他们远离教堂（拉比， " concilia "二，中校1247名;圣刘汉铨， "的EP 。三十三专案marcellinam " ） 。 The penitents heard the Missa pro reconciliatione paenitentium, and absolution was given them before the offertory.该penitents听到弥撒曲"亲reconciliatione paenitentium ，并赦免是给了他们面前offertory 。 The "Sacramentary" of Pope Gelasius contains an Ordo agentibus publicam poenitentiam (Muratori, "Liturgia romana vetus", I, 548-551). " sacramentary "教皇gelasius包含一个集体诉讼agentibus publicam poenitentiam （ muratori ， " liturgia罗马老" ，我想， 548-551 ） 。 Olei exorcizati confectio. olei exorcizati confectio 。 In the fifth century the custom was established of consecrating on Holy Thursday all the chrism necessary for the anointing of the newly baptized.在五世纪的风俗是既定的consecrating圣周四所有chrism必要为anointing的新的洗礼。 The "Comes Hieronymi", the Gregorian and Gelasian sacramentaries and the "Missa ambrosiana" of Pamelius, all agree upon the confection of the chrism on that day, as does also the "Ordo romanus I". "说到hieronymi " ，阳历和gelasian sacramentaries和"弥撒曲" ambrosiana " pamelius ，大家都同意后，蜜饯的chrism这一天，作为是否又是"集体诉讼romanus我" 。
Anniversarium Eucharistiae. anniversarium eucharistiae 。 The nocturnal celebration and the double oblation early became the object of increasing disfavour, until in 692 the Council of Trullo promulgated a formal prohibition.夜间庆祝活动，并双倍oblation早日成为反对增加disfavour ，直到在692理事会trullo颁布了正式的禁令。 The Eucharistic celebration then took place in the morning, and the bishop reserved a part of the sacred species for the communion of the morrow, Missa praesanctificatorum (Muratori, "Liturg. rom. Vetus", II, 993).圣体圣事的庆祝活动则发生在今天上午，与主教预留部分的神圣物种，为共融的明天，弥撒曲" praesanctificatorum （ muratori ， " liturg 。光碟。老" ，第二章， 993 ） 。
Other observances.其他纪念活动。 On Holy Thursday the ringing of bells ceases, the altar is stripped after vespers, and the night office is celebrated under the name of Tenebræ.圣周四响当当的钟声不再，祭坛是剥离后，晚祷，及夜办公室是庆祝的名义下， tenebræ 。
Publication information Written by H. Leclercq.出版信息写每小时勒克莱尔。 Transcribed by Joseph P. Thomas.转录由约瑟夫体育托马斯。 The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume X. Published 1911.天主教百科全书，体积十， 1911年出版。 New York: Robert Appleton Company.纽约：罗伯特Appleton还公司。 Nihil Obstat, October 1, 1911. nihil obstat ， 1911年10月1日。 Remy Lafort, STD, Censor.人头马lafort ，性病，检查员。 Imprimatur. imprimatur 。 +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York +约翰farley枢机主教，大主教纽约
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