According to Genesis 16, Ishmael was the son of the patriarch Abraham by the Egyptian handmaiden Hagar.根据成因16日，伊斯梅尔被儿子牧亚伯拉罕由埃及handmaiden hagar 。 When Abraham's supposedly barren wife Sarah finally bore Isaac, a rivalry developed between Sarah and Hagar and thus between the two half brothers, Isaac and Ishmael.当亚伯拉罕的假定贫瘠的妻子莎拉终于膛艾萨克，竞争对手之间发展Sarah和hagar ，因此两国之间的同父异母的兄弟，艾萨克和伊斯梅尔。
Cast out into the wilderness, Ishmael was the ancestor of the nomadic Arabian Ishmaelites, arranged, like the Israelites, into twelve tribes. Because Islam traces its lineage from Abraham through Ishmael and Judaism and Christianity trace their lineages through Isaac, Muslims, Jews, and Christians are all spiritual "children of Abraham."投出到旷野，伊斯梅尔是祖先的游牧阿拉伯ishmaelites ，安排，像以色列人，到12个部落， 因为伊斯兰教的痕迹，它的谱系，从亚伯拉罕通过伊斯梅尔和犹太教和基督教追查他们的谱系通过艾萨克，穆斯林，犹太人和基督教徒在内的所有精神的孩子" ，亚伯拉罕" 。
| BELIEVE 相信 Religious 宗教 Information 资讯 Source 源 web-site 网址： |
| Our List of 1,000 Religious Subjects 我们所列出的1000名宗教科目 |
| E-mail 电子邮箱 |
Ishmael (Hebrew, "may God hear"), in the Old Testament, the elder son of the Hebrew patriarch Abraham, and in Islamic tradition, an ancestor of the Arab peoples.伊斯梅尔（希伯来文， "愿上帝听到" ） ，在旧约中，大儿子的希伯来文牧亚伯拉罕，并在伊斯兰传统，一个祖先的阿拉伯各国人民。 His story (see Genesis 16, 21, 25) is interwoven with that of Isaac.他的故事（见成因16 ， 21 ， 25 ） ，是相互交织与以撒。 Ishmael's mother was Hagar, Egyptian handmaid to Abraham's wife, Sarah, who was barren.伊斯梅尔的母亲被hagar ，埃及handmaid到亚伯拉罕的妻子莎拉，他们被荒芜。 In answer to her prayers, Sarah conceived and was delivered of a son, Isaac.在回答她的祈祷，莎拉在构思和发表的一个儿子，艾萨克。 Having thus satisfied Abraham, Sarah demanded that Hagar and Ishmael be driven away.经从而满足亚伯拉罕，莎拉要求hagar和伊斯梅尔被赶走了。 Hagar and her son fled to the south. hagar和她的儿子逃到南方。 Ishmael settled in the wilderness, married an Egyptian woman, and became the progenitor of 12 tribes of desert nomads.伊斯梅尔解决，在荒无人烟的戈壁滩上，结婚的埃及妇女，并成为progenitor的12个部落的沙漠游牧民族。 The region occupied by these Ishmaelites included most of central and northern Arabia. Muslims regard themselves as the descendents of Ishmael and view Hagar as the true wife of Abraham, and Ishmael (or Ismail) his favored son. In this version, Ismail, not Isaac, was offered for sacrifice by Abraham.该地区的占领这些ishmaelites包括大部分的中部和北部阿拉伯穆斯林把自己的后裔，伊斯梅尔和看法hagar为真正的妻子亚伯拉罕和伊斯梅尔（伊斯梅尔）表示，他的骄子， 在这个版本，司马义，而不是艾萨克，推出的牺牲，献出了亚伯拉罕。
(Septuagint 'Ismaél; Vulgate Ismahel, in 1 Chronicles 1:28, 20, 31). （ septuagint ' ismaél ; vulgate ismahel ，在历代志上1点28 ， 20 ， 31 ） 。
The son of Abraham and Agar, the Egyptian.儿子亚伯拉罕和琼脂，埃及。 His history is contained in parts of Gen., xvi-xxv, wherein three strata of Hebrew tradition (J, E, P) are usually distinguished by contemporary scholars.他的历史是包含在零件的将军， 16 - 25 ，其中3个阶层的希伯来传统（十，电子商务， p ）的通常是杰出的当代学者。 The name "Ismael", which occurs also in early Babylonian and in Minæan, was given to the child before its birth (Genesis 16:11), and means: "may God hear".取名"伊斯梅尔" ，其中也出现在早期巴比伦，并在minæan ，给孩子之前，它的诞生（创16:11 ） ，并指： "愿上帝听到" 。 As Sarai, Abram's wife, was barren, she gave him, in accordance with the custom of the time, her handmaid, Agar, as concubine, in order to obtain children through her.作为： Sarai ，亚伯兰的妻子，光秃秃的，她给了他，按照习俗的时候，她handmaid ，琼脂，作为妾，以图获得儿童通过她。 Agar's conception of a child soon led to her flight into the wilderness, where the angel of Yahweh appeared to her, bade her to return to her mistress, and fixed the name and character of her future son.琼脂的概念，孩子很快导致了她的飞行到旷野，那里的天使雅威在她看来，招请她回到她的情妇，和固定的名称和性质，她未来的儿子。 After her return to Bersabee, she brought forth Ismael to Abram, who was then eighty-six years old (xvi).之后，她回到bersabee ，她带来了伊斯梅尔，以亚伯兰，他那时是86年岁（十六） 。 Ismael was very dear to the aged patriarch, as is shown by his entreaty of God in Ismael's behalf, when the Almighty promised him a son through Sara.伊斯梅尔是非常亲爱的，以老年人元老，为的是显示其entreaty上帝在伊斯梅尔的代表，当万能答应他的儿子通过萨拉。 In answer to this earnest entreaty, God disclosed to Abraham the glorious future which awaited Ismael: "As for Ismael, I have also heard thee. Behold, I will bless him, and increase, and multiply him exceedingly: he shall beget twelve chiefs, and I will make him a great nation."在回答语重心长地entreaty ，上帝透露给亚伯拉罕的光辉未来而期待已久的伊斯梅尔说： "至于伊斯梅尔，我也听到了你。看哪，我会祝福他，并会增加，再乘以他的通天：他会带来12个酋长，我和他将成为一个伟大的国家" 。 Ismael was not the destined heir of the covenant; yet, as he belonged to Abraham's family, he was submitted to the rite of circumcision when the patriarch circumcised all the male members of his household.伊斯梅尔是不是注定继承人的盟约;不过，由于他属于亚伯拉罕的家族，他被提交给成年礼的包皮环切术时，老人家过包皮的所有男性成员，他的家庭。 He was then a lad of thirteen (xvii).他当时是一个少年的13名（十七） 。 Abraham's tender love towards Ismael manifested itself on another occasion.亚伯拉罕的投标爱情对伊斯梅尔体现在另外一个场合。 He resented Sara's complaint to him, when, on the great festival given at the weaning of Isaac, she requested Agar's and Ismael's summary dismissal because she "had seen the son of Agar the Egyptian playing with [or mocking] Isaac her son".他憎恨萨拉的投诉，他的时候，就大节，由于在断奶的艾萨克，她要求琼脂的和伊斯梅尔的立即撤职，因为她"看到了儿子的琼脂埃及玩[或讥笑]艾萨克她的儿子" 。 Ismael was Abraham's own "son", and indeed his first- born.伊斯梅尔是亚伯拉罕自己的"儿子" ，而事实上他的第一个出生的。 At this juncture, God directed Abraham to accede to Sara's request, comforting him with the repeated assurance of future national greatness for Ismael.在此关头，上帝指示亚伯拉罕加入萨拉的要求，安慰他，一再保证今后的国家，为伟大的伊斯梅尔。 Whereupon the patriarch dismissed Agar and Ismael with a modicum of provision for their journey.车内牧驳回琼脂和伊斯梅尔与一点点的规定，他们的旅程。 As their scanty provision of water was soon exhausted, Ismael would have certainly perished in the wilderness, had not God shown to Agar a well of water which enabled her to revive the dying lad.作为仅存提供水很快就被用尽，伊斯梅尔将有一定灭亡了，在荒无人烟的戈壁滩上，没有上帝证明琼脂良好的水，使她复活亡者带来麻烦。
According to God's repeated promise of future greatness for Agar's son, Ismael grew up, lived in the wilderness of Paran, became famous as an archer, and married an Egyptian wife (xxi, 8-21).根据上帝的一再承诺未来的伟大，为琼脂的儿子伊斯玛长大，住在荒无人烟的戈壁滩上的paran ，成为国际知名，作为一个弓箭手，和已婚的埃及妻子（ 21 ， 8月21日） 。 He became the father of twelve chiefs, whose names and general quarters are given in Gen., xxv, 12-16.他成了父亲的12个酋长，他们的名字和一般宿舍给出了将军，二十五， 12-16 。 Only one daughter of Ismael is mentioned in Holy Writ, where she is spoken of as one of Esau's wives (cf. Genesis 28:9; 36:3).只有一个女儿的伊斯梅尔提到圣令状，在那里她讲的，作为一个以扫的妻子（参见成因28:9 ; 36:3 ） 。 The last incident known of Ismael's career is connected with Abraham's burial, in which he appears associated with Isaac (xxv, 9).上次事件发生已知的伊斯梅尔的职业生涯是与亚伯拉罕的墓地，在他看来，与艾萨克（ 25 9 ） 。 Ismael died at the age of one hundred and thirty-seven, "and was gathered unto his people" (xxv, 17).伊斯梅尔去世，当时年仅137 " ，是聚集于祂的人" （ 25 ， 17 ） 。
In his Epistle to the Galatians (4:21, sqq.) St. Paul expands allegorically the narrative of Ismael and Isaac, urging upon his readers the duty of not giving up their Christian freedom from the bondage of the Law.在他的书信向加拉太（ 4时21分， sqq ） 。圣保禄扩大allegorically叙事的伊斯梅尔和Isaac ，敦促他的读者的责任并不是要放弃他们的基督教自由的枷锁法律。 Of course, in so arguing, the Apostle of the Gentiles did not intend to detract in any way from the historical character of the narrative in Genesis.当然，在这样争论，使徒的外邦人不打算减损任何方式，从历史人物的叙述，在成因。 With regard to the various difficulties, literary and historical, suggested by a close study of the Biblical account of Ismael's life, suffice it to say that each and all will never cause a careful and unbiased scholar to regard that account otherwise than as portraying an ancient historical character, will never induce him to treat otherwise than as hypercritical every attempt, by whomsoever made, to resolve Ismael into a conjectural personality of the founder of a group of Arabic tribes.对于种种困难，文学和历史的，建议由细究圣经帐户的伊斯梅尔的生活，可以说每一个都绝不会导致小心，不存偏见的学者把该帐户，否则超过描绘成一个古老历史性格，绝不会诱使他治疗，否则比为hypercritical每一个尝试，由何人所作，以解决伊斯梅尔成为臆测人格的创始人，一组阿拉伯语部落。 And this view of the matter will appear most certain to any one who compares the Biblical narrative with the legends concerning Ismael which are embodied in the Talmud, the Targum, and the other rabbinical works; while the latter are plainly the result of puerile imagination, the former is decidedly the description of an ancient historical figure.和这样看问题，将出现最某些向任何一个人相比，圣经中的叙事与传说伊斯梅尔是体现在犹太法典， targum ，和其他犹太教工程;而后者则是赤裸裸的结果，幼稚的幻想，前者是坚决的描述一个古老的历史人物。
Written by Francis E. Gigot.写弗朗西斯体育gigot 。 Transcribed by WGKofron.转录由wgkofron 。 With thanks to St. Mary's Church, Akron, Ohio The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume VIII.与感谢圣玛丽教堂，美国俄亥俄州阿克伦城天主教百科全书，音量八。 Published 1910. 1910年出版。 New York: Robert Appleton Company.纽约：罗伯特Appleton还公司。 Nihil Obstat, October 1, 1910. nihil obstat ， 1910年10月1日。 Remy Lafort, STD, Censor.人头马lafort ，性病，检查员。 Imprimatur. imprimatur 。 +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York +约翰farley枢机主教，大主教纽约
Bibliography
参考书目
See bibliography
to ISAAC, to which may be added, DRIVER in HASTINGS,
Dict.见书目艾萨克，并可补充说，司机在黑斯廷斯，字典。 of the Bible, sv Ishmael; SELIGSOHN in
The Jewish Encyclopedia, sv Ishmael.对圣经sv伊斯梅尔; seligsohn在犹太百科全书，
sv伊斯梅尔。
-Biblical Data: -圣经的数据：
Eldest son of Abraham by his concubine Hagar; born when Abraham was eighty-six years of age (Gen. xvi. 15, 16).长子亚伯拉罕他的妾hagar ;出生时，亚伯拉罕是86年的年龄（创十六15 ， 16 ） 。 God promised Abraham that His blessing should be upon Ishmael, who, He foretold, would beget twelve princes and would become a great nation (Gen. xvii. 18, 20).上帝许诺亚伯拉罕说，他的祝福，应经伊斯梅尔，卫生组织，他预言，将带来12个王子，并会成为一个伟大的民族， （创十七， 18日， 20日） 。 Ishmael was circumcised at the age of thirteen (Gen. xvii. 23-26).伊斯梅尔是包皮的，在十三岁（创十七23-26 ） 。 When Sarah saw Ishmael mocking her son Isaac, his brother, younger by fourteen years, she insisted that Abraham cast out Ishmael and his slave-mother.当莎拉看到伊斯梅尔讥笑她的儿子艾萨克，他的弟弟，年轻了十四年，她坚持说，亚伯拉罕投出伊斯梅尔和他的奴隶母亲。 Abraham reluctantly yielded, having provided them with bread and a bottle of water.亚伯拉罕勉强屈服，为他们提供面包和一瓶水。 Ishmael was about to die of thirst when an angel showed his mother a well, repeating to her at the same time that Ishmael would become a great nation.伊斯梅尔即将死于干渴的时候，一个天使表明他的母亲井，重复她在同一时间，即伊斯梅尔会成为一个伟大的民族。 Ishmael dwelt in the wilderness, apparently, of Beer-sheba, where he became a skilful archer; later he settled in the wilderness of Paran, where his mother took him a wife from Egypt (Gen. xxi. 8-21).伊斯梅尔白景富在荒无人烟的戈壁滩上，很显然，啤酒谢巴，在那里他成为一个熟练的弓箭手，后来他定居在荒无人烟的戈壁滩上的paran ，在那里他的妈妈带他的妻子分别来自埃及（创二十一， 8月21日） 。 Both Ishmael and Isaac were present at the burial of their father, Abraham.双方伊斯梅尔和Isaac负责人出席了埋葬自己的父亲，亚伯拉罕。 Ishmael died at the age of 137.伊斯梅尔去世，当时年仅137个。 He had twelve sons, ancestors of twelve tribes that dwelt "from Havilah unto Shur, that is before Egypt, as thou goest to Assyria" (Gen. xxv. 9-18).他曾12个儿子，祖先的12个部落白景富" ，从哈腓拉祂shur ，这是前埃及，因为你goest以assyria " （创二十五9-18 ） 。
-In Rabbinical Literature: -在犹太教文献：
The name of Ishmael is an allusion to God's promise to hear () the complaints of Israel whenever it suffered at the hands of Ishmael (Gen. R. xlv. 11).名字的伊斯梅尔是暗指上帝的承诺听到（ ）的投诉以色列的时候，在遭受手中的伊斯梅尔（创传译四十五11段） 。 Abraham endeavored to bring up Ishmael in righteousness; to train him in the laws of hospitality Abraham gave him the calf to prepare (Gen. R. xlviii. 14; comp. Gen. xviii. 7).亚伯拉罕努力造就一支伊斯梅尔在正义;培养他的法律招待费亚伯拉罕给了他的小腿准备（创传译48 。 14 ;可比。将军十八7 ） 。 But according to divine prediction Ishmael remained a savage.但据神预报伊斯梅尔仍然是一个野蛮的。 The ambiguous expression in Gen. xxi.暖昧的表达将军二十一。 9 (see Hagar) is interpreted by some rabbis as meaning that Ishmael had been idolatrous; by others, that he had turned his bow against Isaac. 9 （见hagar ）解读一些拉比意味着伊斯梅尔已idolatrous ;别人，那他就满弓，他对艾萨克。 According to the interpretation of Simeon b.据解释西麦乙 Yoḥai, Ishmael mocked those who maintained that Isaac would be Abraham's chief heir, and said that as he (Ishmael) was the first-born son he would receive two-thirds of the inheritance (Tosef., Sotah, v. 12, vi. 6; Pirḳe R. El. xxx.; Gen. R. liii. 15). yoḥai ，伊斯梅尔嘲笑那些坚持认为，艾萨克将亚伯拉罕的首席接班人，并表示，由于他（伊斯梅尔） ，是第一个出生的儿子，他会得到两个三分之二的财产继承（ tosef. ， sotah ，五12 ，六。 6 ; pirḳe传译下午XXX计划;将军传译liii 15 ） 。 Upon seeing the danger to Isaac, Sarah, who had till then been attached to Ishmael (Josephus, "Ant." i. 12, § 3), insisted that Abraham cast out Ishmael.看到危险艾萨克，莎拉曾到那么受到重视，伊斯梅尔（约瑟夫， "蚂蚁" ，一12 ， § 3 ） ，坚持认为亚伯拉罕投出伊斯梅尔。 Abraham was obliged to put him on Hagar's shoulders, because he fell sick under the spell of the evil eye cast upon him by Sarah (Gen. R. liii. 17).亚伯拉罕不得不把他hagar的肩上，因为他病倒的蛊惑下邪恶的眼睛投下后，他的莎拉（创传译liii 17段） 。
Ishmael, left under a shrub by his despairing mother, prayed to God to take his soul and not permit him to suffer the torments of a slow death (comp. Targ. pseudo-Jonathan to Gen. xxi. 15).伊斯梅尔，左下灌木他绝望的母亲，祈求天主，以他的灵魂，并不允许他受苦的磨折一个缓慢死亡（ comp. targ 。伪乔纳森以将军21 15 ） 。 God then commanded the angel to show Hagar the well which was created on Friday in the week of Creation, in the twilight (comp. Ab. v. 6), and which afterward accompanied the Israelites in the wilderness (Pirḳe R. El. xxx.).上帝，然后指挥天使显示hagar井，其中成立于周五在本周的创作，在晚年（ comp.抗体。五，六日） ，而随后伴随着以色列人在旷野（ pirḳe传译下午XXX计划） 。 But this was protested against by the angels, who said: "Why should Ishmael have water, since his descendants will destroy the Israelites by thirst?"不过，这是抗议，由天使，他说： "为什么要伊斯梅尔有水，因为他的子孙将摧毁以色列民由之渴" ？ (comp. Yer. Ta'an. iv. 8; Lam. R. ii. 2). （ comp.层。 ta'an四。 8 ;林。传译二， 2 ） 。 God replied: "But now he is innocent, and I judge him according to what he is now" (Pirḳe R. El. lc; Gen. R. lc; et al.).上帝回答说： "不会，但现在他是无辜的，而我的判断就是他是根据什么，他现在是" （ pirḳe传译下午。信用证;将军传译立法会;等） 。 Ishmael married a Moabitess named 'Adishah or 'Aishah (variants "'Ashiyah" and "'Aifah," Arabic names; Targ. pseudo-Jonathan to Gen. xxi. 21; Pirḳe R. El. lc); or, according to "Sefer ha-Yashar" (Wayera), an Egyptian named Meribah or Merisah.伊斯梅尔娶了moabitess命名为' adishah或' aishah （变种" ' ashiyah "和" aifah " ，阿拉伯语地名; targ 。伪乔纳森以将军二十一， 21个; pirḳe传译下午。立法会） ，或按" sefer夏亚沙尔" （ wayera ） ，埃及命名梅里巴或merisah 。 He had four sons and one daughter.他有四个儿子和一个女儿。 Ishmael meanwhile grew so skilful in archery that he became the master of all the bowmen (Targ. pseudo-Jonathan to Gen. xxi. 20; Gen.R. liii. 20).伊斯梅尔同时增长如此娴熟，在射箭，他成了师父的所有bowmen （ targ.伪乔纳森以将军二十一，第20条; gen.r. liii 20条） 。 Afterward Abraham went to see Ishmael, and, according to his promise to Sarah, stopped at his son's tent without alighting from his camel.随后亚伯拉罕去看望伊斯梅尔，并根据他的承诺，莎拉，停在他的儿子的帐篷里，没有下车他的骆驼。 Ishmael was not within; his wife refused Abraham food, and beat her children and cursed her husband within Abraham's hearing.伊斯梅尔是不是他的妻子拒绝亚伯拉罕食品，并殴打她的孩子和诅咒，她的丈夫与亚伯拉罕的听证会。 Abraham thereupon asked her to tell Ishmael when he returned that an old man had asked that he change the peg of the tent.亚伯拉罕于是就问她要告诉伊斯梅尔当他回到这老头子曾要求他改变联系汇率制度的帐篷里。 Ishmael understood that it was his father, took the hint, and drove away his wife.伊斯梅尔理解的，这是他的父亲代为暗示，并赶走了他的妻子。 He then married another woman, named Faṭimah (Peḳimah; Targ. pseudo-Jonathan lc), who, when three years later Abraham came again to see his son, received him kindly; therefore Abraham asked her to tell Ishmael that the peg was good.然后，他已婚，另一名女子，名叫faṭimah （ peḳimah ; targ 。伪乔纳森立法会） ，世界卫生组织，当3年后，石礼谦又来了，看看他的儿子，他所收到的善意，因此亚伯拉罕问她要告诉伊斯梅尔表示，联系汇率制度是好的。
Ishmael then went to Canaan and settled with his father (Pirḳe R. El. lc; "Sefer ha-Yashar," lc).伊斯梅尔随后前往迦南，并解决了与他的父亲（ pirḳe传译下午。立法会" ; sefer夏亚沙尔， "信用证） 。 This statement agrees with that of Baba Batra (16a)-that Ishmael became a penitent during the lifetime of Abraham.本声明赞同这种说法的巴巴巴特拉（ 16A条） ，即伊斯梅尔成为一个忏悔者，在一生中的亚伯拉罕。 He who sees Ishmael in a dream will have his prayer answered by God (Ber. 56a).他看见的人伊斯梅尔在一个梦想，将有他的回答祈祷上帝（ ber.第56A ） 。
Isidore Singer,
M. Seligsohn, Richard Gottheil, Hartwig Hirschfeld伊西多尔的歌手，米seligsohn
，理查德戈特海尔， hartwig hirschfeld
Jewish Encyclopedia, published between
1901-1906.犹太百科全书出版1901年至1906年之间。
Bibliography: Beer, Leben Abraham's nach Auffassung der Jüdischen Sage, pp.参考书目：啤酒，生活亚伯拉罕的nach auffassung明镜jüdischen贤者，聚丙烯。 49 et seq., Leipsic, 1859.SM Sel. 49段及以下各段， leipsic ， 1859.sm的SEL 。
-In Arabic Literature: -在阿拉伯语文学：
For the history of Ishmael, according to Mohammedan legend, see Jew.为历史上的伊斯梅尔，根据穆罕默德传说中，看到犹太人。 Encyc. encyc 。 i.一。 87, sv Abraham in Mohammedan Iegend; and Hagar. 87 ， sv亚伯拉罕在穆罕默德iegend ; hagar 。 It may be added here that Ishmael is designated a prophet by Mohammed: "Remember Ishmael in the Book, for he was true to his promise, and was a messenger and a prophet" (Koran, xix. 55).它可能会增加此伊斯梅尔是指定了一个由先知穆罕默德说： "记得伊斯梅尔在书中，因为他是真实的他的诺言，是一个信使和先知" （古兰经， 19条55条） 。 Ishmael is, therefore, in Mohammedan tradition a prototype of faithfulness.伊斯梅尔是，因此，在穆罕默德的传统原型的忠诚。 He was an arrow-maker, and a good hunter.他是一个箭头的决策者，和好猎手。 As a prophet, he had the gift of performing miracles.作为一个先知，他的礼物表演的奇迹。 He converted many heathen to the worship of the One God.他皈依许多异教徒，以崇拜的一个神。 He left twelve sons.他留下12个儿子。 His son Kedar is said to have been an ancestor of Mohammed.他的儿子是在Kedar据说，有一个祖先穆罕默德。 Ishmael is reputed to have lived one hundred and thirty years; he was buried near the Kaaba.伊斯梅尔是被誉为住了一百三十年，他被安葬在附近的天房。 His posterity, however, became pagan, and remained so until they were brought back to Islam by Mohammed.他的后代，不过，成为异教，仍然如此，直到他们被带返伊斯兰教的穆罕默德。
This subject presentation in the original English language这一主题演讲，在原有的英语
Send an e-mail question or comment to us: E-mail邮件发送问题或意见给我们： 电子邮箱
The main BELIEVE web-page (and the index to subjects) is at http://mb-soft.com/believe/beliecha.html主要相信网页（和索引科目） ，是在http://mb-soft.com/believe/beliecha.html