Patristic literature refers to the writings of the Fathers of the Christian church (the Greek word patristikos means "relating to the fathers") between the latter part of the 1st century AD and the middle of the 8th century.教父的著作是指以著作的父亲的基督教教堂（希腊字patristikos手段" ，向父亲" ）与后者的一部分1世纪广告中的第八世纪。 It can therefore be distinguished from New Testament theology at one end and from medieval scholasticism and Byzantine systematization at the other.因此，可以加以区分新约圣经神学，在一端，并从中世纪经院和拜占庭系统化于另一方。 It reflects the philosophical and religious thought of the Hellenistic and Roman world from which it derived the bulk of its concepts and vocabulary.它反映了哲学和宗教思想的古希腊和古罗马世界，由它衍生的大部分，其概念和词汇。 The themes of this vast literature are manifold, but the theological reflection of the Fathers focused for the most part on questions of Christology and the Trinity.主题这一广大文学是多方面的，但神学思考的父亲为重点，为大部份的问题christology和三一。
Although writers of the East and West had much in common, perceptible shades of difference can be found in their theologies. A scientific theology developed in the East and was marked by a blend of biblical theology and Platonic idealism (especially in Alexandria) or Aristotelian realism (especially in Antioch) .虽然作家的东部和西部有许多共同之处，可感知色调的差异可以发现，在他们的神学。 科学神学的发展，在东部地区和主要标志是融合了圣经神学与柏拉图式的理想主义（特别是在亚历山德里亚）或亚里士多德写实（尤其是在安提约） 。 In the West, Christian writers generally depended on the Greek theological tradition, which they often clarified in definitions or interpreted in juridical categories, until the emergence in the late 4th century of a sophisticated Latin theology.在西方，基督教作家一般取决于希腊神学传统，他们往往澄清定义或解释，在法律分类，直至出现在晚4世纪的一个复杂的拉丁语神学。
Patristic literature falls into three main periods. The ante-Nicene period (before AD 325) includes the writings of the Apostolic Fathers, the apologetic and antiheretical literature, and the beginnings of speculative Greek theology. 教父的著作共分为三个主要时期。前厅nicene时期 （公元前325 ）包括著作的使徒父亲，抱歉和antiheretical文学，并开始投机希腊神学。 The major figures of this period include Clement of Alexandria, Cyprian, Irenaeus, Justin Martyr, Origen, and Tertullian.主要数据的这段期间，包括克莱门特的亚历山大，塞浦路斯，爱任纽，贾斯汀烈士，渊源，以及戴尔都良。 The period between the councils of Nicaea (325) and Chalcedon (451) was the golden age of the Nicene fathers (including Eusebius of Caesarea, the first major church historian) the Alexandrians (most notably Athanasius and Cyril of Alexandria), the Cappadocians (Basil the Great, Gregory of Nazianzus, and Gregory of Nyssa), and the Antiochenes (John Chrysostom and Theodore of Mopsuestia). 期间，两局的的尼西亚（ 325 ）和chalcedon （ 451 ） ，是黄金时代的nicene父亲（包括尤西比乌斯的caesarea ，第一次重大教会史学家） alexandrians （最显着的athanasius和西里尔亚历山大） ， cappadocians （罗勒伟大，格雷戈里的nazianzus ，格雷戈里的nyssa ） ，以及antiochenes （约翰金口和西奥多的摩普绥提亚） 。
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Ross
Mackenzie罗斯麦肯齐
Bibliography:
参考书目：
Altaner, Berthold, Patrology, 5th
ed. altaner ， berthold ， patrology ，第5版。 (1960); DiBerardino, Angelo, eds.,
Patrology, trans. （ 1960年） ; diberardino ，安吉洛合编， patrology ，跨。
by P. Solari, 4 vols.由页索拉里，
4卷。 (1986);
Goodspeed, EJ, A History of Early Christian Literature, rev. （ 1986年） ;
goodspeed ，对EJ ，一个历史的早期基督教文学，冯智活。 ed.教育署。 (1966); Hamell, Patrick J., Handbook of
Patrology (1968); Kelly, JND, Early Christian Doctrines, rev. （ 1966 ） ;
hamell ，帕特里克j. ，手册patrology （ 1968年） ;凯利， jnd ，早期基督教的教义，冯智活。 ed.教育署。 (1978); Leigh-Bennett, E., Handbook of
the Early Christian Fathers (1980); Quasten, Johannes, and Plumpe, Joseph C.,
eds., Ancient Christian Writers (1946- ). （ 1978年） ;李-班尼特，体育，手册的早期基督教的父亲（
1980年） ; quasten ，约翰内斯， plumpe ，约瑟夫长编，古代基督教作家（ 1946年-） 。
Collected together are the English translations of the actual texts of many known early Christian manuscripts.收集在一起，是英语翻译的实际文本的许多已知的早期基督教手稿。 These works form an important part of the foundation for virtually every Christian Church.这些工程的一个重要组成部分的基础，几乎所有的基督教教堂。
In Christianity, as in all other religions, interpretation by authors and speakers and Clergy is invariably involved.在基督教里，如同在所有其他宗教， 诠释作者和演讲者和神职人员总是参与。 Since different people have sometimes interpreted the wording of early manuscripts in different ways, (as also is true of the Bible), there developed many different "human opinions" on many important subjects, which initiated many heresies, many schisms and a large number of Denominations and other Churches, each which have their own human opinions on those important subjects.由于不同的人有解释，有时措辞早期手稿以不同的方式， （也就是真正的圣经） ，因此开发了许多不同的"人的意见" ，对许多重要的课题，其中许多发起的异端邪说，许多分裂和一大批面额和其他教会，每一个都有其自己的人的意见，对这些重要的议题。
Since much of the argument seems to arise over interpretation of the meanings of works of the early Church Fathers, we are presenting the works here, WITHOUT significant commentary or interpretation.由于大部分的论点似乎出现以上解释的含义工程的初期教会的父亲，我们介绍了工程在这里，如果没有显着的评论或解释。 The exceptions generally have to do with historical facts which are relevant.例外情况一般都与历史事实，这都是相关的因素。 For example, there are some short letters which appear to have been written to Mary, the Mother of Jesus, but the author appears to have lived many years after her!举例来说，也有一些短期的信似乎已经写信给玛丽的母亲耶稣，但作者似乎已经住了许多年之后，她！ Such notes include a brief reference to being "spurious".这种债券包括一个简略提及"寄生" 。
There are also assorted "fragments" of manuscripts included.此外，还有各式的"碎片"的手稿在内。 In some cases, these fragments result from the illegibility of much of a manuscript, where only certain sentences are readable.在某些情况下，这些片段的结果，从隐约的大部分手稿，如果只有某些刑罚的可读性。 In other cases, they are truly fragments, torn portions of manuscripts.在其他情况下，他们是真正的碎片，蹂躏的部分手稿。
Being English translations, one must remember the need to consult the original language texts for any critical study.作为英语翻译，我们必须紧记，必须征询原文文本，以供任何批判性研究。 Similarly, we must remember that, at the time these letters and books were written, even the Bible was written in Scriptua continua , continuous text without spaces for paragraphs, sentences or even words, and there was no capitalization, punctuation or other formatting.同样，我们必须记得，在当时的这些信件和书籍写的，甚至是圣经写于scriptua连续 ，连续文本无位段落，句子或什字，也没有资本，标点符号或其他格式。 Therefore, the paragraph numbering and Chapter headings in these texts were obviously additions by later copyists or translators to clarify the texts.因此，该段编号和章标题，在这些文本中有明显的增补由后来copyists或翻译，以澄清文本。 However, without those improvements, these texts are nearly impossible to read or understand, and so it seems tolerable to accept them.但是，如果没有这些改进，这些文本几乎无法阅读或理解，因此它似乎可以容忍接受他们。
This listing is approximately in chronological order, as is currently understood.这个清单是大约在时间顺序排列，是目前所理解的。 We hope to eventually include all known existing Manuscripts.我们希望最终包括所有已知现存的手稿。
Agnes Cunningham王春波坎宁安
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Polycarp, c.69-c.155, bishop of Smyrna, was a living link between the Apostles and the church of the later 2d century.利卡尔普致斐利c.69 - c.155 ，主教皆是一个生活之间的联系，使徒和教会的后期二维世纪。 As a leader of the church in Anatolia, he visited (155) Rome to discuss with its bishop the disputed date for the celebration of Easter.作为一个领导人，教会在安纳托利亚，他已访问了（ 155 ）罗马商讨其主教有争议的日期为庆祝复活节。 It was agreed that the Eastern and Western churches would continue their divergent usages.与会者一致认为，东部和西部教会将继续发散用法。 After his return to Smyrna, Polycarp was arrested and burned to death.回国后皆利卡尔普致斐利被逮捕，烧死。 A letter from the church of Smyrna, the oldest known narrative of a Christian martyr, gives an account of his trial and death.信中，由教会皆已知最古老的叙事了基督教的烈士，叙述了他的审判和死亡。
A defender of orthodoxy--Irenaeus says that he was a disciple of Saint John--Polycarp opposed Marcion and other gnostic teachers.捍卫正统-爱任纽说，他是一个大弟子圣约翰-利卡尔普致斐利反对ma rcion和其他诺斯替教师。 A letter addressed to him by Ignatius survives, in addition to one (or perhaps two combined) by Polycarp to the Philippians that throws light on early Christian doctrine, organization, and use of Scripture.给他的信，由伊格赖以生存的，除了一个（或者两个组合）利卡尔普致斐利向philippians即全光照对早期基督教教义，组织和利用经文。 Feast day: Jan. 25 (Eastern); Feb. 23 (Western).盛宴的日子： 1月25日（东区） ， 2月23日（西部） 。
Ross
Mackenzie罗斯麦肯齐
Bibliography:
参考书目：
Altaner, Berthold, Patrology, (1960);
Harrison, PN, Polycarp's Two Epistles to the Philippians (1936); Musurillo, HA,
comp., Acts of the Christian Martyrs (1972). altaner ， berthold ，
patrology ， （ 1960年） ;哈里森， PN和利卡尔普致斐利的两个书信向philippians （ 1936年） ; musurillo
，医管局，可比。行为，基督教殉道者（ 1972 ） 。
. 。
. 。
Marcus Aurelius, b.马库斯奥勒，乙 Apr. 26, 121, d. 4月26日， 121 ，四 Mar. 17, 180, ruled Rome from 161 until his death. 3月17日， 180 ，裁定罗马由161直到逝世。 Born Marcus Annius Verus, he was adopted by the emperor AntoniusS Pius in 138 and married to his daughter Annia Galeria Faustina a few years later.出生马库斯annius真实的，他是通过皇帝antoniuss比约在138和嫁给他的女儿annia画廊faustina数年后的事。 He succeeded to the throne without difficulty on Antoninus's death.他继承了王位毫无困难地就antoninus的死因。 Marcus insisted on sharing power equally with Lucius Verus, whom Antoninus had also adopted, even though Verus, who died in 169, was clearly less competent.马库斯坚持要分享权力平等地同lucius真实的，其中antoninus还通过了，即使真实的，死亡的169 ，显然是不足胜任。
Educated by the best tutors in Rome and Athens, Marcus was a devotee of Greek learning and of the philosophy of Stoicism.教育最好的导师，在罗马和雅典，马库斯是一个devotee的希腊语学习和研究哲学的生活俭朴。 Even during his campaigns (167-175, 178-180) against the Marcomanni and other Danubian tribes he kept a "spiritual diary."即使在他的运动（ 167-175 ， 178-180 ）对马科曼尼人及其他多瑙河部落的，他保持了"心灵日记" 。 This document, the Meditations, reflects Marcus's attempt to reconcile his Stoic philosophy of virtue and self-sacrifice with his role as a warrior-sovereign.本文件中，沉思，反映了马库斯的企图调和他的斯多葛哲学的美德和自我牺牲精神，与他的角色，作为一位勇士主权。
Marcus's wars and benevolences--he lowered taxes and was charitable toward the less fortunate--were expensive and often ineffective.马库斯的战争和benevolences -他降税，并于慈善走向不那么幸运-被昂贵，而且往往是无效的。 His son Commodus, who succeeded him, inherited the Danubian war, which Rome could not win, and a treasury that had been seriously depleted.他的儿子科莫多，他们成功了，他继承了多瑙河战争，罗马能不能赢，和财政部已严重枯竭。
John Eadie约翰eadie
Bibliography:
参考书目：
Birley, AR, Marcus Aurelius (1966) and
rev. birley ，氩，马库斯奥勒（ 1966年）和Rev 。 ed.教育署。 (1987); Farquharson, Arthur, Marcus
Aurelius, His Life and His World, ed. （ 1987 ） ; farquharson
，亚瑟，马库斯奥勒，他的一生和他的世界，教育署。 by DA Rees (1951; repr. 1975);
Sedgwick, Henry D., Marcus Aurelius (1921; repr. 1971由大里斯（ 1951年; repr 。
1975年） ;塞奇威克，亨利博士，马库斯奥勒（ 1921年; repr 1971
Ignatius wrote about the virgin birth and divinity of Christ, but stressed especially Christ's human nature.伊格写道约维尔京诞生和基督的神，但她强调，尤其是基督的人性。 The first writer to call the church "catholic," Ignatius described it as a society of love, presided over in love by a bishop with his presbyters and deacons, and assembled "in grace, in one faith and one Jesus Christ" (Eph. 20).第一作者呼吁教会"的天主教， "伊格形容这是一个社会的爱心，主持爱上一个主教与他的众长老和执事，并组装" ，在宽限期，在一个信念和一个耶稣基督" （以弗所书20 ） 。
Called Theophoros ("God-bearer"), Ignatius considered martyrdom a great honor and asked the Roman Christians not to save him.所谓theophoros （ "上帝旗手" ） ，伊格考虑殉难很大的荣誉，并要求罗马基督徒不要救他。 "Let me be given to the wild beasts," he wrote, "for through them I can attain unto God" (Rom. 4). "让我考虑到野兽" ，他写道， "通过他们我能达到所不欲，以神之名" （罗马书4 ） 。 Feast day: Oct. 17 (Western); Dec. 17 (Antioch); Dec. 20 (other Eastern).盛宴的日子： 10月17日（西部） ; 12月17日（安提） ; 12月20日（其他东区） 。
Bibliography:
参考书目：
Corwin, Virginia, Saint Ignatius and
Christianity in Antioch (1960); Kleist, JA, ed., The Epistles of St. Clement of
Rome and St. Ignatius of Antioch (1946); Richardson, Cyril, The Christianity of
Ignatius of Antioch (1935); Schoedel, William, Ignatius of Antioch: A Commentary
on the Seven Letters of Ignatius (1985).尔斯科温，弗吉尼亚州，圣的主教和基督教在安提（ 1960年）
;克莱斯特，司法机构政务长，海关，教会中的圣克莱门特的罗马和圣伊格安提（ 1946 ） ;理查森，西里尔，基督教的主教和安提（ 1935年） ;
schoedel ，威廉，伊格安提：一篇评论对七封信的伊格（ 1985 ） 。
Bibliography:
参考书目：
Barnard, LW, Justin Martyr: His Life
and Thought (1967).巴纳德， LW的，贾斯汀烈士：他的生活与思考（ 1967 ） 。
Saint Irenaeus, b.圣爱任纽，乙 Anatolia, c.140-60, dc200, known as the father of Catholic theology, is the most important theologian of the 2d century AD.安纳托利亚， c.140 - 60 ， dc200 ，被称为父亲的天主教神学，是最重要的神学家的第2个世纪广告。 In his youth, he became a disciple of Saint Polycarp of Smyrna.他少年时期，他成为门徒圣利卡尔普致斐利皆在。 Later he served as bishop of Lugdunum (Lyon) in Gaul.后来，他担任主教的拉格丹努（里昂） ，在高卢。
Irenaeus is known through several extant works, as well as by his influence on later Christian writers of the patristic era.爱任纽是已知通过几次现存的作品，以及通过其影响力，对后来的基督教作家的教父时代。 He was a man of peace and of tradition.他是一个和平与历史的传统。 His major efforts were spent in combating Gnosticism, and his great work, Adversus haereses (Against Heresies), was written for this purpose.他的主要努力，都用在打击灵知，和他的伟大的工作，相反haereses （对异端邪说） ，写，作此用途。 He developed the doctrine of recapitulation (anakephalaiosis) of all things in Jesus Christ in opposition to the teachings of gnostics such as Valentinus and Basilides.他的理论概述（ anakephalaiosis ）的一切事物，在耶稣基督对立的遗训gnostics如valentinus和basilides 。 A staunch defender of the apostolic tradition, Irenaeus was the first Father of the Church to systematize the religious and theological traditions of the church, so far as they existed.忠诚卫士的使徒传统，爱任纽是第一个父亲的教会，以制度化的宗教和神学的传统，教会，至目前为止，因为他们的存在。 In the Quartodeciman controversy over the date for the observance of Easter, he argued for diversity of practice in the unity of faith.在quartodeciman争议之日起为庆祝复活节，他辩称多样性的做法，在统一的信念。 Feast day: June 28.盛宴的日子： 6月28日。
Agnes
Cunningham王春波坎宁安
Bibliography:
参考书目：
Nielsen, Jan Tjierd, Adam and Christ in
the Theology of Irenaeus of Lyons (1968); Wingren, Gustaf, Man and the
Incarnation: A Study in the Biblical Theology of Irenaeus,
trans.尼尔森，扬tjierd ，亚当和基督教神学的爱任纽的里昂（ 1968年）
;温格伦，古斯塔夫，人与化身：一项研究圣经神学的爱任纽，跨。 by Ross MacKenzie (1959).由罗斯麦肯齐（
1959 ） 。
One of the Apostolic Fathers, Hermas was a 2d-century Christian who was sold in Rome as a slave.其中的使徒父亲， hermas是一个二维世纪基督教的人，卖了，在罗马城内，作为奴隶。 He was freed, married, and became successful in business, but was denounced by his children during a persecution.他被释放，已婚，并成为成功的商界人士，但被谴责，也遭到了他的孩子在迫害。 His famous work, The Shepherd, divided into three parts (Visions, Mandates, Similitudes), is a series of revelations granted by an old woman (representing the church) and a shepherd (an angel) about sin, repentance, and the moral precepts that lead to a new life.他的著名工作，牧羊人，共分为三部份（愿景，任务， similitudes ） ，是一系列的启示给予一个老太婆（代表教会）和一个牧羊人（天使）约单，悔过书，与道德戒律这导致了一个新的生命。 Many early Christians considered it part of Scripture.许多早期基督徒认为这部分经文。
This subject presentation in the original English language这一主题演讲，在原有的英语
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