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The Druze scripture is the Rasa'il al-hikmah (Epistles of Wisdom), most of which was composed by Hamzah's successor, Baha al-Din al-Muqtana.德鲁兹经文是rasa'il基地hikmah （书信的智慧） ，其中大部分是由哈姆扎的继任者，巴哈al - Din的基地muqtana 。
During the Ottoman period the Druze were allowed to govern themselves.在奥斯曼帝国时期，德鲁兹人被允许管理自己。 In the 17th and 18th centuries the sect was bitterly divided between the Qaysis and Yamanis who engaged in a series of violent conflicts with each other.在17,18世纪该教派是严重的分歧之间qaysis和yamanis人进行了一系列暴力冲突，相互激荡。 Throughout the 19th century, until the end of the first world war, the Druzes were almost continually in conflict with Maronite Christians.在整个19世纪，直至本月底为止的第一次世界战争中， druzes几乎不断在冲突与马龙派基督教徒。 The worst incident occurred in 1860 when the Druzes burned 150 Christian villages, and killed some 11,000 people.最严重的事件发生在1860年，当druzes烧掉150基督教村庄，并杀害了大约11000人。
Following the end of the first world war and the collapse of the Ottoman empire the Druze, like other groups in the region, came under the jurisdiction of the European powers who took control of the Middle East.结束后的第一次世界战争和崩溃的奥斯曼帝国，德鲁兹人，像其他团伙在该地区，来到管辖下的欧洲列强谁控制了中东。 The Druzes constituted important minority groups in three of the countries that were set up in the region in the 1940s: Syria, Lebanon and Israel.该druzes构成重要的少数族群中，有三个国家分别设立在该地区在1940年：叙利亚，黎巴嫩和以色列。 The Druzes existed in Syria as a deprived minority denied political power and many educational opportunities.该druzes存在于叙利亚作为剥夺少数剥夺政治权力和许多受教育的机会。 In 1966 fears of a possible Druze inspired coup led to the purging of Druze officers from the Syrian army and the persecution of the Druzes, causing many to flee to the Lebanon and Jordan.在1966年的恐惧可能德鲁兹灵感政变导致日常生活中的德鲁兹人员从叙利亚军队和迫害的druzes ，造成了许多逃亡到黎巴嫩和约旦。 The capture of the Golan heights by Israel in 1973 led to the further depletion of the Druze population of Syria.捕获，戈兰高地是以色列在1973年导致进一步枯竭德鲁兹人口的叙利亚。
In Lebanon the history of the Druze has very much been tied up with the unfortunate history of the country.在黎巴嫩的历史德鲁兹已十分被捆绑与不幸的历史。 During the first twenty-five years of the country's history the various religious groups succeeded in coexisting without conflict.在第一个二十五年的该国历史上的各种宗教集团成功地共存而不冲突。 However, the denial of effective political power to Lebanon's Muslims by the Christian majority led to the outbreak of civil war in 1958 and in 1975.然而，剥夺政治权力，黎巴嫩的穆斯林，基督教多数导致爆发内战，在1958年和1975年。 One important consequence of the post-1975 conflict for the Druzes of Lebanon was the establishment of links between themselves and the Druzes of Syria and Israel as these two countries became involved in Lebanon's civil war.其中一个重要的后果后， 1975年的冲突给druzes的黎巴嫩是建立了联系，自己与druzes的叙利亚和以色列这两个国家参与黎巴嫩的内战。
The Druzes of Israel have enjoyed the most stability and prosperity of all the Middle Eastern Druze communities.该druzes的以色列有着最稳定和繁荣的所有中东德鲁兹教派社区。 Of all the non-Jewish communities in Israel the Druzes have been the most loyal to the state.所有非犹太人社区在以色列druzes一直是最忠实于国家。 The refusal of the Druzes to involve themselves in the Arab-Israeli conflict and the loyalty of the majority of the Druzes to the state of Israel has led them to be treated relatively favourably by the Israeli authorities.拒绝的druzes让自己在阿拉伯-以色列冲突和忠诚度，大部分的druzes到以色列国，已带领他们的待遇比较，毫不逊色，由以色列当局。
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Small Mohammedan sect in Syria, notorious for their opposition to the Marionites, a Catholic people dwelling on the slopes of the Lebanon.小穆罕默德教派在叙利亚，恶名昭彰，他们反对以marionites ，天主教人士在谈到斜坡的黎巴嫩。 Their name is derived as a plural form of Dorazy, the proper name of a Persian at the court of El Hakim in Egypt (about 1015).他们的名字是源自作为一个复数形式的dorazy ，正确的写了波斯在法庭萨尔瓦多哈基姆在埃及（约1015 ） 。 They subsequently repudiated all connection with this Mohammed Ibn Ismail el-Dorazy, and styled themselves Unitarians, or Muwahhedin, on account of the emphasis they lay on the unity of God.他们随后推翻所有与本穆罕默德伊本伊斯梅尔埃及dorazy ，处处自己unitarians ，或muwahhedin ，对帐户的重点在于，他们对统一的神。 Their history begins with the arrival of Dorazy in the Wady el-Teim, after his flight from Egypt.其历史始于到来dorazy在wady埃及teim后，他的飞行，从埃及。 This Persian had had the audacity to read to a large multitude in a mosque a book tending to prove that El Hakim, the mad Fatimite caliph, was an incarnation of God.这波斯语不得不厚颜无耻地阅读了大量的千头万绪的一个清真寺一本书，抚育，以证明下午哈基姆，疯狂fatimite哈里发，是一个化身的上帝。 Escaping from the crowd, who were enraged at this blasphemy, he fled to the valley between Hermon and the Southern Lebanon, and with the support of his master preached his doctrine to these mountaineers, already given to Batenite doctrine and therefore predisposed to accept a further incarnation of the Deity.逃离人群，他们被激怒了，在这亵渎，他逃到山谷之间的赫尔蒙和黎巴嫩南部，并得到了他的主人，他所宣扬的教义，以这些登山者，已经给予batenite学说，因此倾向于接受进一步化身的天神。 He was soon superseded by another Persian, Hamzeh Ibn Ahmed El Hady, who became the real founder of the sect and the author of its sacred books.他很快就被取代另一个波斯语， hamzeh伊本艾哈迈德下午hady ，他成为真正的创始人，该教派与作者的神圣书籍。 After the assassination of El Hakim, Hamzeh wrote a treatise to prove that El Hakim had not really died but only disappeared to test the faith of his followers.暗杀发生后萨尔瓦多哈基姆， hamzeh写了论文，以证明下午哈基姆还没有真正死亡，但只消失了，以测试信仰的信徒。 This disappearance and ultimate return of El Hakim are the cardinal points of the Druze faith today.这起失踪，并最终返回萨尔瓦多哈基姆是红衣主教点德鲁兹人的信仰。 The sacred books of the Druzes, successfully hidden from the world for eight centuries, have since the middle of the last century found their way into European libraries.神圣书籍的druzes ，成功地隐藏在世界八个世纪以来，有自上个世纪中，发现自己的方式融入欧洲图书馆。 They are written in Arabic and effect the style of the Koran.他们是用阿拉伯文和效果的风格可兰经。 They consist of six volumes containing 111 treatises of a controversial character or explanatory epistles to individual persons.他们组成六册，其中载有111论文的一个有争议的性格或解释性教会中的个别人士。 Each book takes its name from its first treatise.每一本书把它的名字从第一次伤寒。 Their speculations strongly reflect their Persian origin.他们猜测，强烈反映他们的波斯语起源。
The Druze doctrine concerning God is characterized by its abstraction from all Divine attributes; these, it declares, would imply limitation in the Supreme Being.德鲁兹主义关于上帝的，其特点是抽象，从所有神圣的属性，这就是，它宣布，将意味着限制在最高福祉。 God, however, manifested Himself first in the Universal Mind, then in the Universal Soul, and again in the Word.上帝，但是，体现了自己的第一次普遍心态，然后，在普及的灵魂，又在字。 These three form the first great manifestation.这3个表格的第一个伟大的表现。 The second great manifestation began with the residence of the Universal mind in Adam for a thousand years; after which Enoch took his place, and in turn was followed by the seven ministers, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, Mohammed, Ibn Ishmail; the seventh is unknown.第二次大的表现开始与居住地的普遍心态，在亚当，为1000年后，其中伊诺克了自己的位置，从而其次是七国财长，诺亚，亚伯拉罕，摩西，耶稣，穆罕默德伊本ishmail ;七是未知之数。 God appeared ten times in human form, for the last time in El Hakim.上帝出现了10倍，在人类的形式，为最后一次在El哈基姆。 The Druzes teach a distinction between Jesus, the son of Joseph, and the Christ.该druzes教导区分耶稣的儿子约瑟夫，与基督。 Christ instructed Jesus, but finally Jesus disobeyed Christ and was crucified in consequence.基督耶稣的指示，但最后违抗耶稣基督被钉在十字架上，在后果。 Christ, who was concealed under the form of one of the disciples of Jesus, stole the body of Jesus from the grave, and gave out the report that Christ had risen, in order that the true Druzes might be concealed for awhile in the religion of Jesus.基督，谁是下隐蔽的形式，其中一个门徒的耶稣，偷走了耶稣的身体从坟墓，并指出该报告说，基督已上升，为了真正druzes可能隐藏着一段时间在宗教耶稣。 The Druzes are firm believers in the transmigration of souls, and this transmigration will never end; after the Judgment Day death will continue, but it will be painless for the saved, who will live to the age of 120 years, and whose souls will forthwith be reborn and re-enter a life of peace and pleasure.该druzes都坚定地相信，在轮回的心灵，这个轮回，将永远不会结束;作出判决后一天死亡将继续，但会是无痛的，为救，谁活到的年龄120年，其灵魂将随即投胎，重新进入了一个生命的和平与快乐。 The Druze are unshakably convinced that the whole of China is peopled with adherents of their religion.德鲁兹人都坚定不移地相信，整个中国是peopled与遗民他们的宗教活动。 The Judgment Day, or rather the golden age for the Druzes, will be at hand when the Christians wax greater than the Mohammedans, some nine hundred years after the disappearance of El Hakim.判决当天，或者更确切地说，黄金时代，为druzes ，将手头上的时候，基督徒蜡大于Mohammedan人，有些九百年消失后，萨尔瓦多哈基姆。 Then the Christians, aided by the King of Abyssinia, a sort of Antichrist named "The Antagonist", will march against the Caaba in Mecca.那么，基督徒，计算机辅助由国王的阿比西尼亚，一种箴命名为"敌对" ，将于3月对caaba在麦加朝圣。 The hosts of Christ and Mohammed will meet, but only to be both overcome by 2,500,000 Chinese Druzes.主持人耶稣和穆罕默德将会晤，但只待双方克服2500000中文druzes 。 Moslems and Christians will both be reduced to everlasting slavery, and the Unitarians will reign forever.穆斯林和基督教徒都将沦为永远的奴隶制度，以及unitarians将永远在位。 The Druze religion contains several moral precepts: veracity, love of the brethren, forsaking of idolatry, repudiation of devils, acknowledgement of God's unity at all times, secrecy in religion, and resignation to the will of God.德鲁兹宗教包含几个道德戒律：真实性，爱的弟兄们，抛弃的偶像崇拜，休妻的魔鬼，承认上帝的团结，在任何时候，秘密宗教，并辞职以上帝的意志。
The Druzes are divided into two main classes: the Ukkal, or initiated, and the Juhhal, or uninitiated; among the former the Iwayid profess the strictest Druze principles.该druzes是主要分为两班： ukkal ，或发起，并juhhal ，或不了解情况，其中前者iwayid自称最严格的德鲁兹原则。 They meet on Thursday evenings for worship, which consists almost exclusively in reading their sacred books.他们满足于周四晚上崇拜，其中包括几乎完全是在读自己的神圣书籍。 They often comply with the outward observances of Islam and even make pretense of being Mohammedans, but they are officially designated as unbelievers.他们往往遵守向外纪念活动对伊斯兰教和连作幌子，被伊斯兰教，但它们正式指定为信的。 They live mostly ion the Lebanon, but are also found in the Hauran and in the districts near Damascus; their total number is estimated at 100,000 or a few thousand more.他们大多居住离子，黎巴嫩，但也发现在hauran并在各区大马士革附近，他们的总人数估计在10万或几千元以上。 Encouraged by Turkish authorities, the Druze in 1860 attacked the Catholic Marionites, and are said to have massacred some then thousand of them.鼓舞土耳其当局，德鲁兹人，在1860年袭击了天主教marionites ，据说有大屠杀，有的则数千人。 The massacres were stayed mainly through English and French intervention.屠杀事件下榻主要是通过英语和法语的干预。
Publication information Written by JP Arendzen.出版信息书面由JP arendzen 。 Transcribed by M. Donahue.转录由M. Donahue ） 。 The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume V. Published 1909.天主教百科全书，体积诉公布1909年。 New York: Robert Appleton Company.纽约：罗伯特Appleton还公司。 Nihil Obstat, May 1, 1909. nihil obstat ， 1909年5月1日。 Remy Lafort, Censor.人头马lafort ，检查员。 Imprimatur. imprimatur 。 +John M. Farley, Archbishop of New York +约翰米farley ，大主教纽约
Bibliography参考书目
Wortabet, Researchers into the Religions of Syria (London, 1860); Churchill, the Druze and Marionites (London, 1862); Socin in Realencyk.für prof. wortabet ，研究人员把宗教的叙利亚（伦敦， 1860年） ;邱吉尔，德鲁兹人和marionites （伦敦， 1862年） ; socin在realencyk.für教授。 Theol. theol 。 (Leipzig, 1898), sv Drusen; Neumann, Das Volk des Drusen (Vienna, 1878). （莱比锡， 1898 ） ， sv drusen ;诺依曼之月9万drusen （维也纳， 1878年） 。
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