Ancestor Worship祖先崇拜

Ancestor Worship is reverence granted to deceased relatives who are believed to have become powerful spiritual beings or, less frequently, to have attained the status of gods.祖先崇拜，是敬畏给予死者亲属的人，相信已成为强大的精神为本，或次数较少，以达到状态的神。 It is based on the belief that ancestors are active members of society and are still interested in the affairs of their living relatives.这是基于这样一种信念，认为祖先是社会的积极成员，而且还在有兴趣的事务，他们的生活的亲属。

The cult of ancestor worship is common, although not universal.崇拜祖先崇拜是共同的，虽然不具有普遍性。 It has been extensively documented in West African societies (the Bantu and the Shona), in Polynesia and Melanesia (the Dobu and the Manus), among several Indo-European peoples (the ancient Scandinavians, Romans, and Germans), and especially in China and Japan. In general, ancestors are believed to wield great authority, having special powers to influence the course of events or to control the well-being of their living relatives.它已被广泛记录在西非社团（班图和修纳语） ，在玻里尼西亚与美拉尼西亚（ dobu和马努斯） ，其中几个印欧民族（古代北欧人，罗马人，和德国人） ，尤其是在中国和日本。 一般来说，先人相信执掌巨大权威，拥有特殊权力的影响力的过程中的事件，或者以控制福祉，他们的生活的亲属。 Protection of the family is one of their main concerns. They are considered intermediaries between the supreme god, or the gods, and the people, and can communicate with the living through dreams and by possession. 保护家庭，是他们的一项主要关切，他们被认为是中介机构之间的至高无上的神，或者神和人民给的，可以沟通与生活，通过梦想和所藏。 The attitude toward them is one of mixed fear and reverence.对于他们，是一个混合的恐惧和敬畏。 If neglected, the ancestors may cause disease and other misfortunes.如果忽略了，祖先可能导致疾病和其他雪上加霜。 Propitiation, supplication, prayer, and sacrifice are various ways in which the living can communicate with their ancestors. propitiation ， supplication ，祈祷，牺牲，是通过各种方式使生活，可以与自己的祖先。

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Ancestor worship is a strong indication of the value placed on the household and of the strong ties that exist between the past and the present.祖先崇拜是一个有力地表明，其价值放在家庭和坚强之间现有的关系过去和现在。 The beliefs and practices connected with the cult help to integrate the family, to sanction the traditional political structure, and to encourage respect for living elders.该信仰和习俗与邪教组织有利于整合家庭，制裁传统的政治结构，并鼓励尊重老年人的生活。 Some scholars have also interpreted it as a source of individual well-being and of social harmony and stability.一些学者还解释，它的一个来源个人福祉与社会的和谐与稳定。 Because it is practiced by family groups, ancestor worship excludes proselytizing and rarely involves a separate priesthood. It has no formal doctrines and is ordinarily an aspect of some larger religious system.因为这是实行家庭团体，祖先崇拜不包括从事传教活动，而且很少涉及到一个单独的神职人员， 它不具有任何正式的教义和通常的一个方面，一些较大的宗教制度。

John A. Saliba约翰甲萨利巴

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