The Second Vatican Council, the 21st ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic church, was announced by Pope John XXIII on Jan. 25, 1959.梵蒂冈第二届大公会议， 21合一会，罗马天主教会，宣布由罗马教皇约翰二十三世于1959年1月25日。 On Oct. 11, 1962, after four years of preparation, the council formally opened.于1962年10月11日，经过四年的筹备，会议正式开幕。 Four sessions convened; the last three (1963-65) were presided over by Pope Paul VI, who succeeded John as pontiff in June 1963.四届会议召开;过去三年（ 1963至1965年）分别主持了由教宗保禄六世，接替约翰为若望保禄二世1963年6月。 The council ended on Dec. 8, 1965.理事会结束了对1965年12月8日。
Unlike previous ecumenical councils, the Second Vatican Council was not held to combat contemporary heresies or deal with awkward disciplinary questions but simply, in the words of Pope John's opening message, to renew "ourselves and the flocks committed to us, so that there may radiate before all men the lovable features of Jesus Christ, who shines in our hearts that God's splendor may be revealed."与以往不同合一议会，梵蒂冈第二届大公会议没有举行，以打击当代异端邪说或处理尴尬的纪律问题，但简单地说，在字的教皇约翰的开幕致词中重申"我们自己和成群承诺给我们，以便有可能辐射之前，所有男人的可爱特点，耶稣基督，他的光芒在我们的心中，神的辉煌，可显示" 。
The participants with full voting rights were all the bishops of the Roman Catholic church, of both the Western and Eastern rites, superiors-general of exempt religious orders, and prelates with their own special spheres of jurisdiction.与会者充分的表决权，都主教的天主教，无论是西方和东方礼仪，上级主管的豁免宗教令，以及主教用自己的特殊领域的管辖权。 Non-Catholic Christian churches and alliances and Catholic lay organizations were invited to send observers.非天主教的基督教会和联盟和天主教奠定组织应邀派观察员出席会议。 These observers, however, had neither voice nor vote in the council deliberations.这些观察员，不过，既没有发言权，也没有票，在安理会审议。
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Although the Second Vatican Council had enormous impact, it cannot be isolated from prior and parallel liturgical, theological, biblical, and social developments.虽然梵蒂冈第二届大公会议有巨大的影响，但并不能孤立于事先和平行，礼仪，神学，圣经，和社会发展情况。 In few instances did the council initiate a new way of thinking for the church.在少数情况却会引发一种新的思维方式，为教会。 It endorsed specific approaches, tentatively in some cases, and planted seeds for other, possibly more radical, changes in the future.它通过具体的办法，时间暂定在某些情况下，并种植的种子，可能是更激进的，将来的改变。
Richard P. Mcbrien理查德页mcbrien
Bibliography
参考书目
Abbott, WA, ed.,
The Documents of Vatican II (1966); Deretz, Jacques, and Nocent, Adrien, eds.,
Dictionary of the Council (1968); Miller, JH, ed., Vatican II: An Interfaith
Appraisal (1966); Vorgrimler, Herbert, ed., Commentary on the Documents of
Vatican II, 5 vols.雅培，佤族，版，该文件的梵蒂冈第二卷（ 1966年） ; deretz ，雅克，并nocent
，阿德里安合编，字典理事会（ 1968年） ;米勒， JH的，海关，梵蒂冈第二：宗教间的评价（ 1966 ） ; vorgrimler
，赫伯特版，评文件的梵蒂冈第二， 5卷。 (1967-69). （ 1967年至1969年）
。
The Second Vatican Council was the 21st ecumenical council recognized by the Roman Catholic church, which became the symbol of the church's openness to the modern world.梵蒂冈第二届大公会议是21合一会承认罗马天主教教堂，而成为象征教会的现代世界的开放。 The council was announced by Pope John XXIII on January 25, 1959, and held 178 meetings in the autumn of each of four successive years.安理会宣布教宗若望二十三世于1959年1月25日，并举行了178次会议在今秋的每一个连续4年。 The first gathering was on October 11, 1962, and the last on December 8, 1965.第一次聚会是在1962年10月11日，最后对1965年12月8日。
Of 2908 bishops and others eligible to attend, 2540 from all parts of the world participated in the opening meeting.对2908位主教和其他符合资格的人士前来参加， 2540年从世界各地都参加了会议开幕式。 The US delegation of 241 members was second in size only to that of Italy.美方代表团团长，美国的241成员，是第二次在大小只可说是意大利。 Asian and African bishops played a prominent role in the council's deliberations.亚洲和非洲的主教们发挥了突出的作用，在安理会的审议工作。
Only Communist nations were sparsely represented, the result of government pressures.唯一的共产主义国家都是稀疏的代表，其结果政府方面的压力。 The average attendance at the meetings was 2200.平均出席会议的是2200 。
Preparations for the council began in May 1959, when the world's Roman Catholic bishops, theological faculties, and universities were asked to make recommendations for the agenda.筹备这次会议开始，在1959年5月，当世界的罗马天主教主教，神学系和大学的，被要求提出建议列入议程。 Thirteen preparatory commissions with more than 1000 members were appointed to write draft proposals on a wide range of topics. 13个筹备委员会，超过1000名成员被任命为写提案草案，就广泛的话题。 They prepared 67 documents called schemata, a number reduced to 17 by a special commission convoked between the council's 1962 and 1963 sessions.他们特意准备了67个文件，所谓图式，多项减少到17个，由一个特别委员会召集之间安理会的1962年和1963年的会议。 Voting members of the council were Roman Catholic bishops and heads of male religious orders, but, in a radical departure from past practice, Orthodox and Protestant churches were invited to send official delegate-observers.参加表决的安理会成员的罗马天主教主教和政府首脑的男性宗教命令，但是，在一个激进偏离了过往的做法，东正教和新教的教堂，应邀派官方代表出席-观察员出席了会议。 Male lay Roman Catholic auditors were invited to the 1963 session, during which two of them addressed the council.男奠定罗马天主教审计人员应邀到会1963年会议期间，他们二人在安理会发言。 Women auditors were added in 1964.妇女审计人员补充说：在1964年。 The agenda was extensive, and topics discussed included modern communications media, relations between Christians and Jews, religious freedom, the role of laity in the church, liturgical worship, contacts with other Christians and with non-Christians, both theists and atheists, and the role and education of priests and bishops.议程广泛，双方讨论的议题包括：现代传播媒体，以关系的基督教徒和犹太教徒，宗教自由，发挥平信徒在教会里，礼仪崇拜，与其他基督徒与非基督徒，都theists和无神论者，并作用和教育的神父和主教。
The constitution on the church stressed a biblical understanding of the Christian community's organization, rather than the juridical model that had more recently been dominant.宪法对教会强调，一个圣经的认识基督教社区的组织，而不是法人的模式已较近期一直占主导地位。 Terming the church the "people of God," it emphasized the servant nature of offices such as those of priest and bishop, the collegial, or shared, responsibility of all bishops for the entire church, and the call of all church members to holiness and to participation in the church's mission of spreading the gospel of Christ. terming教会"以人的神" ，它强调的公仆性质的办事处，如那些神父和主教，合议，或共享，是所有人的责任主教，为整个教会，并号召所有教会成员，以成圣和在参加了教会的使命是传播福音的基督。 The tone of the pastoral constitution on the church in the modern world was set in its opening words, which declared that the church shared the "joy and hope, the grief and anguish of contemporary humanity, particularly of the poor and afflicted."调子牧区宪法对教会在现代世界中被设定在其开头语，其中宣称，教会共享"的喜悦和希望，悲伤和痛苦的当代人类，特别是对穷人和折磨" 。 It began with a theological analysis of humanity and the world, then turned to specific areas such as marriage and family, cultural, social, and economic life, the political community, war and peace, and international relations.它开始与神学分析人类和世界的，然后转向具体领域，如婚姻家庭，文化和社会生活，经济生活，政治，社会，战争与和平，以及国际关系的看法。
A constitution on liturgy promoted more active communal participation in the Mass as the central act of Roman Catholic public worship and was the initial step in changes that by 1971 included the replacement of Latin, the ancient language of the service, by vernacular languages.一部宪法，对礼仪中，促进了更为积极的社区参与，在大众为中心的行为罗马天主教公众崇拜和是最初的一步变化，由1971年包括更换拉丁语，古语言的服务，由本地语言。 Other documents sought common ground in dealings with Orthodox and Protestant Christians and with those who are not Christians.其他文件寻求共同点，在处理与东正教和新教基督徒和那些不信基督教。 In a rare departure from its deliberate policy of avoiding condemnations, the council deplored "all hatreds, persecutions, and displays of anti-Semitism leveled at any time or from any source against the Jews."在一次罕见的偏离其蓄意的政策，避免被谴责，安理会痛惜： "所有仇恨，迫害，并显示对反犹太主义的层次，在任何时间或任何来源的反对犹太人" 。 American delegates played a significant role in shaping the council's declaration upholding the universal right of religious freedom, a document in which the thought of the American theologian John Courtney Murray figured prominently.美国代表发挥了重要作用，在塑造安理会的声明，坚持普及宗教信仰自由的权利，这份文件是在哪想到美国神学家约翰州最高法院默里占有突出地位。
Pope John had launched the Second Vatican Council on a positive note, setting as its purposes the updating and renewal (aggiornamento) of the Roman Catholic church and achievement of Christian and human unity.教宗若望发动了梵蒂冈第二届大公会议在积极的方面，设定为，其目的是更新和重建（ aggiornamento ）罗马天主教教会和实现基督教和人类的团结。 Pope Paul VI, who continued the council after John's death in 1963, endorsed those purposes and added that of dialogue with the modern world.教宗保禄六世，他继续会后，约翰的死在1963年，通过这些宗旨和补充说，对话与现代世界。
The most prominent leader of the "Catholic traditionalists" who rejected the doctrinal and disciplinary reforms instituted by Vatican Council II was a retired French archbishop, Marcel Lefebvre, who in 1970 founded an international group known as the Priestly Fraternity of St. Pius X. He declared that the council's reforms "spring from heresy and end in heresy."最突出的领袖"天主教传统" ，他们拒绝了教义和纪律处分的改革是由梵蒂冈理事会第二是一名退休的法国大主教（ Marcel列斐伏尔，他们于1970年创立的一个国际集团命名为司铎兄弟会的圣比约十他声明指出，安理会的改革"的春天从异端，并最终在邪" 。 Efforts at reconciliation between Rome and Archbishop Lefebvre were unsuccessful.和解努力与罗马大主教列斐伏尔均告失败。 Pope Paul VI suspended him from the exercise of his functions as priest and bishop in 1976, but he continued his activities, including ordination of priests to serve traditionalist churches.教宗保禄六世暂停他行使其职能的神父和主教，在1976年，但他继续他的活动，包括统筹祭司以传统的教堂。 Lefebvre was excommunicated in 1988.列斐伏尔被驱逐于1988年。
James Hennesey詹姆斯hennesey
Regarded by Roman Catholics as the twenty-first ecumenical church council, Vatican II was a deliberate attempt to renew and bring up to date (aggiornamento) all facets of church faith and life.被视为是罗马天主教徒，作为第21次全基督教教会理事会，梵蒂冈第二是故意企图延续和造就迄今（ aggiornamento ）企业各个层面的教会信仰与生活。 It was convened in October of 1962 by Pope John XXIII, and reconvened in September 1963 by his successor, Pope Paul VI.这是在召开的10月， 1962年由罗马教皇约翰二十三世，并重新在1963年9月，由他的继任人，教宗保禄六世。 Altogether the council held four annual fall sessions, finally adjourning after approving sixteen major texts that were promulgated by the pope.总共理事会举行了四届，每年秋季会议上，终于在休会后，批准16个重大文本分别颁布的教宗。 At the opening session 2,540 bishops and other clerical members of council attended, and an average of 2,300 members were present for most major votes.在开幕式上2540位主教和其他文职成员会出席，且平均2300成员出席了会议为最重要的选票。 The council took on a profound and electrifying life of its own.安理会就深刻和通电自己的生命。 Before the eyes of the world it succeeded in initiating an extraordinary transformation of the Roman Catholic Church.以前是举世注目的，它成功地发起了一个不寻常的转变，罗马天主教教堂。
In various communications, including his opening speech, Pope John indicated the needs of the hour.在各种通信，其中包括开幕式上的讲话，教宗若望表示，需要一小时。 The Western world had experienced during the 1950s stupefying technical, scientific, and economic expansion that had given countless people occasion to put their trust in material goods even while other millions of people lived in devastating poverty and suffering.西方世界经历了在20世纪50年代stupefying技术，科学，经济扩张已经给无数人的场合把他们的信任，在物质商品，甚至，而其他数百万人生活在严重的贫困和痛苦。 Militant atheism abounded, and the world was undergoing grave spiritual crisis.好战的无神论abounded ，和世界正经历着严重的精神危机。 But, proclaimed Pope John, and herewith he set the character of the entire council, the world needs not the condemnation of its errors but the full supply of "the medicine of mercy."但是，宣布教皇约翰，并随函附上他定的性质整个立法会，世界需要而不是谴责其误差，但可充份供应的"中医药的慈悲" 。 The church, via the council, aimed to help the world by rejuvenating its own faith and life in Christ, by updating itself, by promoting the unity of all Christians, and by directing Christian presence in the world to the works of peace, justice, and well-being.教会，经理事会，旨在帮助世界上振兴自己的信仰和生活在基督里，通过更新自身，通过促进团结所有基督徒，并指示在场的基督教在世界上该项工程的和平，正义，和福祉。
Chief among the council's characteristics was a pastoral spirit which dominated throughout.其中，安理会的特点，是一个农牧精神占据。 There was also a biblical spirit.此外，还有一个圣经的精神。 From the very beginning the bishops indicated that they would not accept the rather abstract and theologically exact drafts prepared for them.从一开始就主教表示，他们不会接受，而不是抽象的theologically确切汇票准备给他们。 Instead, they desired to express themselves in direct biblical language.相反，他们想要表达自己的直接圣经的语言。 Moreover, there was an evident awareness of history, the history of salvation, the pilgrim church, the ongoing tradition, the development of doctrine, the openness to the future.此外，还有一个明显的认识历史，救赎的历史，诸神的教堂里，目前的传统文化中，发展的学说，公开向未来。 The council was ecumenical in its outreach to non-Catholic Christians (represented by observers from twenty-eight denominations) and humble in relation to non-Christian religions.安理会是普世在其推广到非天主教基督信徒（派观察员出席会议，从28教派）和谦卑与非基督宗教的。 It was remarkably open to the whole world, especially through massive global press coverage and by directly addressing the world in an opening "Message to Humanity," and in a series of closing messages to political rulers, intellectuals and scientists, artists, women, the poor, workers, and youth.这是显着的开放给整个世界，尤其是通过全球庞大的新闻报道，以及直接涉及世界，在一个开放"的字样，以人性" ，并在一系列的闭幕信息，以政治统治者，知识分子和科学家，艺术家，妇女，穷人，工人和青年。 Yet the council kept the church thoroughly consistent with its Roman Catholic identity and tradition.但安理会保持教会彻底符合其罗马天主教特性和传统。
The constitution "On the Church," in eight chapters (also called Lumen gentium), was the first ever issued on the subject by a council.宪法" ，对教会" ，在八个章节（又称管腔gentium ） ，是有史以来第一次发出了关于这一主题的，由理事会。 In a direct way it explicitly continued and completed the work of Vatican I. In particular it incorporated (ch. 3) almost verbatim the controversial statement on papal infallibility, with the addition that infallibility also resided in the body of bishops when exercising the magisterium (doctrinal authority) in conjunction with the pope.在一个直接的方法，它明确地继续并完成工作，梵蒂冈一，尤其是它纳入（章3 ）几乎逐字具争议性声明，对教宗infallibility ，加上这infallibility也居住在该机构的主教时，行使magisterium （理论权威） ，结合教宗。 The primacy of the Roman pontiff was again affirmed, but, significantly, the centrality of the bishops was also affirmed.至高无上的罗马教皇被再次确认，但值得注意的是，中心地位的主教们也给予肯定。 This was the principle of collegiality, that the bishops as a whole were the continuation of the body of the apostles of which Peter was head.这是集体领导原则，即主教们作为一个整体继续进行身体的使徒，其中彼得头部。 By placing episcopal collegiality in union with papal primacy and by shared infallibility the council resolved the ancient tension of pope versus councils.由配售主教合议制职工与教皇首要地位，并共同infallibility安理会解决了古代张力教宗银两议会。
The same document (ch. 4) introduced the biblical teaching that the church as a whole was the people of God, including both clergy and laity.同一文件（第四章）介绍圣经教学教会作为一个整体，是人神的，既包括教士和俗人。 This reversed centuries of virtually explicit assertion that the clergy alone were the church.这扭转了几百年的几乎明确断言神职人员单独照了教堂。 Both laity and clergy, the document affirmed, shared in the priestly, prophetic, and kingly functions of Christ.这两个俗人和神职人员，该文件确认，共享，在司铎，预言果然，王道职能的喊声。 The decree "On the Laity" and the constitution "On the Church in the Modern World" (also called Gaudium et spes) charged lay people to undertake their work in the world in all walks of life as Christian vocations, as a lay apostolate which shared directly in the continuation of the work of the apostles of Christ.这项法令"对俗人"宪法" ，对教会在现代世界" （也称为（ Gaudium等特殊目的实体）控告奠定人民承担他们的工作，在世界上，在社会各阶层的生活，作为基督徒的职业，作为一个传教协进哪共用直接在继续开展工作的使徒们的喊声。 This too undid centuries of emphasis on the clergy, monks, and nuns as virtually the sole possessors of Christian calling.这也是前功尽弃几百年的重视神职人员，僧侣，尼姑，因为几乎唯一拥有的基督教通话。
CT
McIntire电脑断层mcintire
(Elwell Evangelical Dictionary)
（ Elwell宣布了福音字典）
Bibliography
参考书目
Walter M. Abbott,
ed., The Documents of Vatican II; JH Miller, ed., Vatican II: An Interfaith
Appraisal; B. Pawley, ed., The Second Vatican Council; GC Berkouwer, Reflections
on the Vatican Council; AC Outler, Methodist Observer at Vatican II; E.
Schillebeeckx, The Real Achievement of Vatican II.沃尔特米雅培，版，该文件的梵蒂冈第二;
JH的米勒，版，梵蒂冈第二：宗教间的评价;乙pawley ，版，梵蒂冈第二届大公会议;气相色谱berkouwer ，思考梵蒂冈理事会;交流电outler
，循道以观察员的身份参加梵蒂冈第二;体育施雷贝克，真正实现梵蒂冈第二。
MATTERS OF
CONCERN FOR THE CATHOLIC STUDENT令人关注的事项，为天主教学生
POPE JOHN XXIII's OPENING
ADDRESS教宗若望二十三世的开幕致词
DOGMATIC CONSTITUTION ON THE CHURCH -
LUMEN GENTIUM教条式的宪法中有关教会-管腔g entium
DOGMATIC CONSTITUTION ON DIVINE
REVELATION - (DEI VERBUM)教条式的宪法对神的启示-（ d ei拉丁文字语言）
CONSTITUTION ON THE SACRED LITURGY -
SACROSANCTUM CONCILIUM对宪法的神圣礼仪中-s acrosanctumc oncilium
PASTORAL CONSTITUTION: ON THE CHURCH IN
THE MODERN WORLD - GAUDIUM ET SPES农牧宪法：论教会在现代世界-（ G audium等特殊目的实体
ADAPTATION AND
RENEWAL OF RELIGIOUS LIFE - PERFECTAE CARITATIS调整和革新的宗教生活-p
erfectae仁爱
DECLARATION ON
RELIGIOUS FREEDOM - DIGNITATIS HUMANAE宣言对宗教自由-d ignitatish umanae
GUIDE-LINES ON
RELIGIOUS RELATIONS WITH THE JEWS指导线对宗教与犹太人
DECLARATION ON CHRISTIAN EDUCATION -
GRAVISSIMUM EDUCATIONIS宣言对基督教教育-g ravissimume ducationis
DECREE ON PRIESTLY TRAINING - OPTATAM
TOTIUS法令对司铎培训-o ptatamt otius
DECREE ON THE APOSTOLATE OF LAY PEOPLE
- APOSTOLICAM ACTUOSITATEM法令对使徒的外行人-a postolicama ctuositatem
DECREE ON THE
PASTORAL OFFICE OF BISHOPS IN THE CHURCH - CHRISTUS
DOMINUS法令对农牧厅主教在教会-基督主
DECREE ON ECUMENISM - UNITATIS
REDINTEGRATIO法令对基督信仰合一-u nitatisr edintegratio
DECREE ON THE CATHOLIC CHURCHES OF THE
EASTERN RITE - ORIENTALIUM ECCLESIARUM法令，对天主教教会的东部成年礼-o rientaliume
cclesiarum
DECREE ON THE
MISSION ACTIVITY OF THE CHURCH - AD GENTES法令对团活动的教会-专案g entes
DECREE ON THE
MEANS OF SOCIAL COMMUNICATION - INTER MIRIFICA法令，就意味着社会的沟通-跨m
irifica
APOSTOLIC BRIEF -
IN SPIRITU SANCTO使徒简单-在s piritus ancto
CLOSING MESSAGES OF
COUNCIL截止讯息会
CLOSING SPEECH - POPE PAUL
VI闭幕词-教宗保禄六世
Thirty odd years on the 'Aggiornamento' is still fermenting, the fresh air of the Holy Spirit still blowing, a self-destructive 'Civil War' still raging ....三十多年来对' aggiornamento '仍在发酵，新鲜空气的圣灵仍然吹制，是一种自取灭亡的'内战'仍在肆虐… … 。 But His Peace will come to us all ...但他的和平会来我们所有人...
Students are reminded that, as with all serious study, research is necessary and recourse must be had, wherever possible, to original documentation.署提醒学生，跟所有认真学习，研究，是必要的和追索权必须有，只要有可能，以原始文献。
These notes should lead the serious student to the libraries of our Catholic Colleges and Universities and to resources no computer system yet devised can replace.这些说明，要带领严重的学生到我国图书馆天主教高等院校和资源没有电脑系统尚未制订可以取代。
The First Vatican Council was adjourned in 1870, following the solemn definition of papal infallibility.第一届梵蒂冈理事会会议在1870年之后，庄严的定义教皇infallibility 。 Only a part of its task had been accomplished, but it was destined never to meet again.只是一部分，其任务已经完成，但它注定永远不能再次举行会晤。 Pope Pius IX died in 1878, and five popes had come and gone before the Second Vatican Council was proclaimed by Pope John XXIII.教宗比约九死在1878年， 5个教皇曾来去匆匆前，梵蒂冈第二届大公会议被宣布为教宗若望二十三世。
Pope John announced his intention of summoning the Oecumenical Council in January, 1959, within three months of his election to the Chair of Peter; he signed the Apostolic Constitution, Humane Salutis, on Christmas Day in 1961.教皇约翰宣布他打算召见oecumenical会分别于今年一月， 1959年，但在3个月内，他当选为主席黄匡源，他签署了使徒宪法，人道salutis ，圣诞节当日，在1961年。 Meanwhile, ten commissions had been formed to prepare draft decrees to be debated in the Council.与此同时， 10个委员会已成立起草法令，以进行在议会中。 At first, seventy decrees were proposed, but gradually their number was reduced to seventeen.起初，有七十二法令提出，但逐渐他们的人数减少到17个。
Pope John wished the Council "to increase the fervour and energy of Catholics, to serve the needs of Christian people."教宗若望希望安理会" ，以增加侃侃而谈能源的天主教徒，以满足基督教人民" 。 To achieve this purpose, bishops and priests must grow in holiness; the laity must be given effective instruction in Christian faith and morals; adequate provision must be made for the education of children; Christian social activity must increase; and all Christians must have missionary hearts.要达到这个目的，主教和司铎必须成长，在圣洁;俗人必须给予有效的教学，在基督徒的信仰和道德标准，必须充分加以提供，为子女的教育;基督教社会活动必须在增加;所有基督徒必须有传教士的心。 In Italian, he was bale to express his desire in one word -- Aggiornamento -- the Church must be brought up to date, must adapt itself to meet the challenged conditions of modern times.在意大利，他被巴莱来表达自己的愿望，在一个词-a ggiornamento-教会必须被绳之以法，直至目前为止，必须调整自己，以应付挑战的条件，现代倍。 More than words, Italians appreciate expressive gestures; so also Pope John, when asked to reveal his intentions, simply moved to a window and threw it open, to let in a draught of fresh air.以上的话，意大利人欣赏传神姿态，因此也教皇约翰，当问及他已经暴露出自己的意图，简单地转移到了一个窗口，并把它公开，让在吃水一种新鲜的空气。
Eighteen months before the Council assembled, the Pope himself showed how very fresh and new the air was to be. 18个月前，安理会组装，教宗亲自说明很新鲜，新的空气是如此。 He established a special Secretariat "for promoting Christian Unity" and authorized this Secretariat to take part in the prepatory work of the Council so that schemes, drafted for debate, would take into account the truly Oecumencial spirit -- that is, the desire to understand the beliefs and practices of other Christian bodies, and the need to work for the union of all in Christ.他成立了一个专门秘书处" ，为促进基督信仰合一委员会" ，并授权该秘书处积极参与筹备理事会的工作，使计划，起草辩论中，会顾及真正oecumencial精神，那就是-渴望理解该信仰和习俗的其他基督信仰团体，以及需要工作，为联盟所有在基督里。
In June 1960, Pope John established ten commissions, entrusting to each commission the task of studying particular questions.在1960年6月，教宗若望建立十年委员会，委托，以每一个委员会，负责研究具体问题。 In this way the Theological Commission examined problems of scripture, tradition, faith and morals; other commissions considered bishops and the control of dioceses, religious orders, the Liturgy of the Church, seminaries and ecclesiastical studies, the missions, the Eastern Churches and the lay apostolate.在这样的神学委员会审查的问题，圣经，传统，信仰和道德的，其他委员会审议的主教和控制的教区，宗教命令，礼仪中的教会，神学院和教会学习，把任务，东部教会和业外人士使徒。 A central commission worked to coordinate the labours of individual commissions, assisted the Pope to decide the subjects for debate in the Council, and suggested rules of procedure.中央委员会的工作，以协调劳动个别委员会，协助教宗，以决定该科目辩论中，安理会，并提议的议事规则。
Inspired by the words of Pope John, the Fathers began their work.灵感的话，教皇约翰，父亲开始了他们的工作。 Viewed from outside, in the manner in which a reporter might comment on Parliamentary debates, the impression was of two groups -- the "progressives" and the "reactionaries," radically and bitterly opposed to one another.从外面，在以何种方式在记者会评论的议会辩论中，给人的印象是，两个团体-"进步"和"反动派" ，从根本上和坚决反对态度的一个。 Those bishops whose only concern, it seemed, was to safeguard the Church's teaching were labelled reactionaries; those, on the other hand, who showed concern for pastoral needs were called progressives.那些主教，他们唯一关心的，似乎是为了维护教会的教学选修反动派;人士，但另一方面，谁关心牧民的需要，被称为进步人士。 In reality, however, a Council is not a parliament.但在实际中，安理会不是一个议会。 The bishops are united in the Faith and in their love of Christ.主教是在美国的信仰，并在其基督的爱。 In the second Vatican Council, all have tried to find, in the riches of the Church's teaching, those truths which must be stressed and emphasized in the modern world, and to decide how these truths may best be set forth for the good of all -- of those who are unbelievers as well as those who believe in Christ.在梵蒂冈第二届大公会议，都试图寻找，在财富教会的教诲，这些事实必须加以重视和强调，在现代世界，并决定如何将这些真理得到最好的阐述，为全民的福祉- -那些信的，以及那些相信基督。
Cardinal Montini (who was soon to succeed Pope John in the chair of Peter) wrote to his people in Milan on November 18th, 1962, to explain the two "tendencies" of the bishop.红衣主教montini （当时即将接替教宗若望在主席彼得）写信给他的人，在米兰对1962年11月18日，来解释这两个"倾向"的主教。 The Council, he said, was an assembly of many with complex religious problems.安理会同意，他说，这是一个集会的许多复杂的宗教问题。 The unity of the Church, and its universality; the old and the new; what is fixed and what develops; the inner value of a truth, and the way in which it is to be expressed; the search for what is essential and care for particular details; principles and their practical application -- religious problems can be considered from so many different aspects.团结教会，它的普遍性;新和旧的;什么是固定和什么发展;内在价值的一个真理，并以何种方式，它是为了表达;寻求哪些是必要的，并照顾尤其是细节;原则及其实际应用-宗教问题，可以考虑从这么多不同的方面。 Discussion of these problems will often be animated and lively -- yet all the bishops are united by that very love which they have for the truth.讨论这些问题，往往会被热烈和生动-但所有的主教是由美国表示，非常喜欢，而他们为真理。
Another observer shows how the two "tendencies" were like two voices.另一项观察表明，两地怎样"倾向" ，喜欢两种声音。 One voice was uttered by those bishops who wanted, above all else, to preserve the Faith whole and entire; the other voice spoke for the bishops who had the same concern for preserving the Faith committed by Christ, but who also felt the great pastoral need to express that faith in a language which the modern world could understand and appreciate.一个声音是出自那些主教，他们希望，看得高于一切，维护信仰的整体，整个;另一个声音发言的主教们，他们有着同样的关注，为维护信仰是由基督的，但谁也感受到很大的牧灵需要为了表达这一信念，在一种语言，其中现代世界的理解和赞同。 This observer (Jean Guitton) found in the two voices a poetic image of the Cross of Christ.这观察员（让吉顿）发现，在两种声音充满诗意的形象，基督的十字架。 The upright pillar of the Cross, fixed into the ground, tells the Christian of the unity, integrity and unchanging truth of the Faith; the cross-bar, on which Christ stretched out his arms, tells the Christian that the Faith is open to all men, that it is universal.积极向上的支柱，在十字架上，固定到地面上，讲述了基督教的统一，完整和不变的真理的信仰;两岸酒吧，就着基督伸出他的胳膊，告诉说，基督教信仰是向所有人开放男的，它是具有普遍性。 Just as the Cross unites its two parts, so also the two "voices" or tendencies are united in the Christian faith.正如两岸团结，它由两部分组成，所以，也是两个"声音" ，或倾向统一于基督教信仰。
From the beginning, the Second Vatican Council has shown that the great majority of the bishops are concerned with the pastoral needs of the Church.从一开始，梵蒂冈第二届大公会议显示，绝大部份的主教们所关心的牧灵工作的需要教会。 They have shown that concern in many different ways -- in the enthusiasm with which they have welcomed Oecumenical dialogue with non- catholic Christians and with Orthodox Churches; in the interest with which they have followed the historic visits of Pope John Paul VI to the Holy Land and to India; and above all in the overwhelming approval which they gave to the "Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy," in the second session of the Council (December 1962).他们表现出的关注，在许多不同的方式-在热情与他们都表示欢迎o ecumenical对话与非天主教基督信徒和与东正教教堂，在利益与它们已跟随历史性访问的教宗若望保禄六世，以圣地土地和印度;以上都在压倒性的批准书，其中，他们所给予的"对宪法的神圣礼仪中， "在第二届立法会（ 1962年12月） 。
Inevitably, many Catholics have found the liturgical changes disturbing.无可避免地，许多教友已经找到了礼仪的变化感到不安。 Older Catholics, in particular, have over the years grown deeply attached to the words and actions of the Latin Mass; they have learned to love it, in its Latin form, and it has become for them a permanent and unchanging reality in a rapidly changing world.年长的天主教徒，特别是近几年的成长深深附着在言论上而且在行动的拉丁语群众，他们已经学会热爱它，在它的拉丁语形式，它已成为对他们来说是一项长期不变的现实，在一个迅速变化世界。 Latin was the common tongue -- the lingua franca -- of the Western world, used by clerics, statesmen and scholars.拉丁语是共同的舌头-通用语言-的西方世界，使用的神职人员，政治家和学者。 Since the Mass is the common prayer of the whole Church, many feel that Latin should still be retained.由于大众是与会代表的共同祈祷的整个教会，很多人认为拉丁语仍应予以保留。 This view was expressed in the first great Decree to issue from the Council -- the "Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy."这个意见是，在第一次大法令问题，从会-"宪法神圣礼仪中" 。 The Decree states "the use of the Latin language is to be preserved in the Latin rites."该法令"使用的拉美语言，是被保存在拉丁语仪轨" 。
The change from Latin to English, in parts of the Mass, has been singled out because it appears to many to be the most striking result of the Council's work.转变，从拉丁语译成英语，在零部件的质量，已被挑选出来，因为这似乎是许多人成为最引人注目的结果之一是安理会的工作。 But the Council has authorized the use of the vernacular, or mother-tongue, not only for parts of the Mass but also for the administration of every sacrament and sacramental.但是，安理会已授权使用的白话文，还是母语，而不是只为部分群众，而且为政府的每一个圣体和圣事。 It has directed national councils of bishops to establish liturgical commissions whose task is to produce suitable translations of liturgical texts, and to promote knowledge and love of the sacred liturgy.它已指示国家议会的主教建立礼仪委员会，其任务是制作适合的翻译，礼仪文本，并促进知识和爱的神圣的礼拜仪式。
While local commissions are engaged upon this work, the Central Liturgical Commission meets in Rome.而地方委员会从事这项工作，中央委员会礼仪会见在罗马。 Its primary function is the revision of the liturgical books.其主要职能是修改有关礼仪的书籍。 Its secondary function is to adapt the liturgy to the needs of modern times, and to enable all Catholics to take part actively in the official worship which the Church offers to God.其次要功能是适应礼仪，以满足当今时代，并让所有的天主教徒积极参与，在官方崇拜的教会提供给神。 However rapid and unexpected these changes might appear, they are in fact intended to be gradual, step by step, until eventually the renewal of the liturgy has been completed.但是快速意想不到的这些变化可能出现的，它们实际上是打算以渐进的，一步一步，直到最终延续礼仪工作已经完成。
The first major result of this work by the Central Commission was the promulgation, in September 1964, of an Instruction for putting into effect the "Constitution of the sacred Liturgy."第一个重大成果，这项工作，由中央委员会颁布， 1964年9月，一项指示，为落实"宪法神圣的礼拜仪式" 。 This instruction drew attention to the fact that changes are taking place, not for the sake of change, but because the Liturgy is at the centre of Christian life and worship.这一指示提请大家注意一个事实：变化正在发生的，不是为了改变，而是因为礼仪是在该中心的基督信徒生活和信仰。 It is through the active sharing in these sacred rites that the faithful, the People of God, "will drink deeply from the source of divine life. They will become the leaven of Christ, the salt of the earth. They will bear witness to that divine life; the will be instrumental in passing it on to others."它是通过活跃的交流，在这神圣的仪式忠诚，对人民的神" ，将酒后深入，从源头上神圣的生命，他们将成为尚基的基督，盐的地球，他们将见证这神圣的生命;意志，可以成为一个工具，它通过对别人" 。
By modern standards, florid and elaborate ceremonies, dress and ornament are seldom esteemed.按现代标准，华丽细致的仪式，服装与饰品，也甚少有尊敬。 During the course of centuries, many features or details had crept into the liturgy, and these features are now regarded as unsuited to the worship of God and out of keeping with the real nature and dignity of that worship.过程中，百年来，有很多功能或细节已逐步成为礼仪中，而且这些功能现在被视为不适应崇拜上帝和与此不符的真正本质和尊严的表示崇拜。 For this reason the liturgical books are being revised and the rites simplified.由于这个原因，礼仪书籍正在修订和仪轨简化。 The first book to appear, following the Council's decree, is known as the Ordo Missae.第一本书的出现，按照安理会的法令，是众所周知的，因为集体诉讼弥撒程序" 。 Issued in January 1961, this book sets forth the rite which is to be followed, in keeping with the changes introduced by the Council and by the Liturgical Commission. 1月发表的1961年，这本书阐述了成年礼，这是必须遵循的，为配合实行的变革，由理事会和由礼仪委员会。
The cross and candlesticks will be placed upon the altar in the customary way; in certain circumstances, however, the bishop may allow them to be placed alongside the altar.十字架烛台将放在后，在祭坛上的习惯方式，在某些情况下，不过，这位主教的可能，让他们可以放在一起走下神坛。 The sedilia, or seats for the celebrant and sacred ministers, should be easily seen by the faithful, and the celebrant's sedile should be so placed as to show that he is presiding over the Mass as the assembly of the People of God.该sedilia ，或座位为监礼和神圣的部长，应该很容易被信徒和监礼人的塞迪莱应妥为放置，以显示他是主持弥撒大会的人的上帝。 There should be an ambo (lectern or reading-desk) -- clearly visible to the faithful; from which the readings from Scripture are to be made.应该有一个ambo （讲台或读服务台） -清晰可见，以忠诚，从其中读，从经文是要作出修改。 It should be observed that many of these changes can be effected only when new churches are planned; where possible, the sanctuary of an existing church should be adapted in accordance with the Instruction of the Central Commission.应当指出，这些情况有很多变化，可以有效地只有当新教堂的计划;可能的情况下，提供庇护所的一个现有的教会应加以调整，按照指示，中央委员会。
1. 1 。 The celebrant does not say privately those parts of the Proper of the Mass which are sung by the choir, recited by the people, or proclaimed by the deacon, sub-deacon or lector.该监礼人不说，私下的那些部分正确的群众，其中有宋，由歌唱，吟诵，由人，或宣布由执事，分执事或读者。 The celebrant may, however, join with the people in singing or reciting parts of the Ordinary of the Mass --as, for example, the Gloria and the Credo.该监礼可能，不过，因应加入同人民在歌唱或背诵部分普通的大众-作为，例如，凯莱和信条。
2. 2 。 Psalm 42 is omitted from the prayers to be said at the foot of the altar at the beginning of Mass. Whenever another liturgical service immediately precedes the Mass, all these opening prayers are omitted.诗篇42略去了祈祷说，在徒步的神龛，在刚开始时，马萨诸塞州的另一个礼仪服务，立即先地下，所有这些开放祈祷省略。
3. 3 。 The "secret" prayer before the preface is to be said or sung aloud. "秘密"祈祷前序，是说或唱大声抱怨。
4. 4 。 The "Doxology" at the end of the Canon of the Mass (that is, the prayer "Through him, and with him . . . ") is to be said or sung in a loud voice. " doxology " ，在去年底佳能公司的质量（即，祷告" ，通过他，并与他… … 。 " ） ，是说或唱，在一个响亮的声音。 The signs of the Cross, formerly made during this prayer, are omitted, and the celebrant holds the host with the chalice, slightly raised above the corporal.该标志的十字架上，以前在这次祷告，是遗漏，并举行纪念担任主持人与chalice ，略高于提出以上下士。 The "Our Father" is said or sung in the vernacular by the people together with the priest. "我们的父亲" ，是说或唱，在白话文由人民一起神父。 The prayer which follows -- is called the Embolism (that is, an insertion or interpolation) and was originally added to the Mass as an extension of the last petition in the "Our Father:" a prayer to be freed from evil, and for our sins to be forgiven.祷告，其中如下-被称为栓塞（也就是一个插入或内插法）和原本列入本集体作为一个扩展的最新请愿书，在"我们的父亲说： "祈祷，以摆脱恶，为我们的罪而被原谅。 This prayer is also to be said or sung aloud by the celebrant.这种祷告，也应该说还是大声唱，由监礼人。
5. 5 。 The words spoken by the priest when giving Holy Communion have been shortened to "Corpus Christ" -- "The Body of Christ;" the person communicating says "Amen" before receiving Holy Communion; and the priest no longer makes the sign of the Cross with the host.一语口语由牧师的时候，圣餐，已缩短至"胼基督" -"基督的身体"的人沟通，说： "阿门"之前接受圣餐和牧师不再使得签署的跨与东道国。
6. 6 。 The Last Gospel is omitted, and the prayers formerly recited at the end of the Mass (the "Leonine" prayers) are no longer said.最后，福音是遗漏了，并祈祷前身吟诵于去年底大众（ " leonine "祈祷）已不再说。
7. 7 。 Provision is made for the Epistle to be read by a lector of by one of the servers; the Gospel must be proclaimed by the celebrant or by a deacon.编列经费用于书信可以阅读由一个读者的，由其中的伺服器;福音必须宣布，由监礼人，或由执事。
8. 8 。 At all Masses attended by the faithful on Sundays and Holydays, the Gospel is to be followed by a homily, or explanation reading from the Scriptures.在所有群众参加了由忠实于星期日及holydays ，福音的是，然后由讲道，或解释，从阅读圣经。 This homily may be based upon some other text of the Mass, taking account of the feast or mystery which is being celebrated.这讲道中，可以根据一些其他文本的传播，同时考虑到节日或其中的奥秘正在庆祝。
9. 9 。 After the Creed, provision is made for what is called the "community prayer" sometimes called the "prayer of the faithful."之后教义规定了什么是所谓的"社区祷告" ，有时被称为"祈祷的信徒" 。 In some countries this prayer is already customary; in most places, however, it has not yet been introduced.在一些国家，这个祈祷是已经习惯，在全国大部分地方，但是，它还未推出。 In due course the form of this community prayer will be announced by the Central Liturgical Commission.在适当时候，形式问题，这是祈祷会宣布，由中央礼仪委员会。
10. 10 。 In accordance with the changes outlined above, the Ordo Missae issued in January 1965 states that, as a general rule, the celebrant will say the opening prayers at the foot of the altar; when he has kissed the altar, he will go tot he sedile or seat and remain there until the prayer of the faithful has been said before the offertory leaving it for the ambo if he himself is to read the Epistle and Gospel but returning to it for the Creed.根据变化上文所述，该集体诉讼弥撒程序"发出的1965年1月国表示，作为一般规则，将监礼说，开幕式在祈祷脚下的祭坛上;当他吻了祭坛上，他将转到以TOT他塞迪莱或从座椅上仍然存在，直到祈祷的信徒们一直说，前offertory离开它为ambo如果他本人是经过书信和福音，但回到它为信条。
11. 11 。 At a High Mass the subdeacon no longer wears the humeral veil; the paten is left upon the altar, and the subdeacon joins the deacon in assisting the celebrant.在一个较高质量的subdeacon不再穿了肱骨面纱;专利是左经坛，并subdeacon加入执事协助监礼人。
12. 12 。 Suitable translations of parts of the Mass are to be prepared by regional or national councils of bishops.合适的翻译部分的质量是有所准备，由区域或国家议会的主教。 When these translations have been confirmed by the Holy See, they may be used when Mass is said in the vernacular.当这些翻译已被确认是由罗马教廷，他们可能会使用大规模的时候，是说白话。 The extent to which the vernacular is used varies greatly.在何种程度上白话文是用很大的不同。 Generally speaking, its use is permitted for the first part of the Mass -- the "Service of the Word" -- and for certain prayers in the second part -- the Eucharistic Sacrifice.一般来说，其用途是不允许的第一部分群众-"服务改为" -与某些祈祷，在第二部分-圣体圣事的牺牲。
Another important change concerns the Eucharistic Fast.另一个重要变化关注圣体圣事的快。 Until recent years, this Fast was from midnight.直到最近几年，这个快速发展是从午夜十二时。 Then it was reduced to three hours.那么，它缩短为3小时。 Finally it was altered to a fast of one hour from food and drink; this hour is to be reckoned from the time when Holy Communion is to be received, and not from the time Mass starts.终于，它被改为快一小时的食物和饮料;这一时段，是不可忽视的，从时间的时候，圣餐，是将收到的，而不是从时间大规模启动。 Those who receive Communion in the Mass of the Easter Vigil, or at the Midnight mass of Christmas, may also receive Communion on the following morning (That is, Easter Sunday or Christmas Day).那些接受共融在大众的复活节守夜活动，或在午夜弥撒的圣诞节之外，还可以得到共融于翌日早上（也就是复活节周日或圣诞节当天） 。
1. 1 。 The rites themselves are to be modified and adapted to the needs of modern times, so that the true meaning of sacramental signs may be readily grasped.仪式本身需要修改和调整，以满足当今时代，使真正含义，圣事的迹象，可随时把握。
2. 2 。 The vernacular may be used (a) throughout the rites of Baptism, Confirmation, Penance, the Anointing of the Sick, and Matrimony; and in the distribution of Holy Communion; (b) in conferring Holy Orders, for the allocution, or opening address, for the "admonitions" to those receiving Orders, and for the ritual "interrogation" of a priest who is about to receive consecration as a bishop; (c) in funeral ceremonies, and in all blessings known as "sacramentals."白话可以使用（一）在整个仪式的洗礼，确认，忏悔， anointing的病人，以及婚姻关系，而且在分配的圣餐; （ b ）在赋予神圣的命令，为allocution ，或致开幕辞，为"训诫" ，以接受订单，并为祭祀"审问"的一名神父，他们是接受consecration作为主教; （ c ）在葬礼仪式，而在所有的祝福称为" sacramentals " 。
3. 3 。 The ancient ritual for adults who are receiving instruction in the Catholic faith was called the "catechumenate."古代祭祀为成年人，他们是接到指示，在天主教的信仰被称为"慕道班" 。 This ritual is to be brought into use once more, and will extend through several distinct stages, with an interval of time between each stage.这个仪式是将其带进使用一次以上，将扩大通过几个不同阶段，间隔时间之间的每一个阶段。 In missionary regions some features of local "initiation rites" may be introduced, provided that they can be adapted to Christian principles.在传教地区的一些特点，本地的"启动仪式" ，可推出，只要他们能够适应基督教原则。
4. 4 。 The rite of infant baptism is to be altered, to express the fact that an infant is receiving the sacrament, and to emphasize the duties of parents and godparents.这项成年礼的婴儿洗礼，是改线，以反映事实，即一个婴儿是接受圣餐，并强调职责的家长和godparents 。
5. 5 。 Confirmation should be administered within the Mass, following the Gospel and sermon.确认应以内部管理的质量，继福音和讲道。 Those to be confirmed should renew the promises made at baptism.这些待证实，应重新作出的承诺上的洗礼。
6. 6 。 The rite and formula for the Sacrament of Penance are to be altered, to give clearer expression to the nature and effects of this sacrament.礼乐及配方圣事的忏悔，是改线，以更加明确的性质和影响，这圣餐。
7. 7 。 Similar revisions are to be made in the Sacrament of the "Anointing of the Sick."类似的调整是必须在圣" anointing的病" 。 The Council has ruled that this phrase should be used in preference to the former name, "Extreme Unction."安理会裁定，这句话应优先使用到原来的名字， "极端unction " 。 The prayers and the number of the annointings will be altered, to correspond with the changing conditions of the sick person.祈祷和数量的annointings将被修改，以符合不断变化的情况对有病的人。 In countries where provision has not yet been made for a continuous rite for the Sacraments of he Sick (that is, when the illness is such that the sick person is to receive the Last Blessing and Holy Viaticum) instructions have now been given for the for the use of this continuous rite.在国家规定尚未得到了不断的仪式，为圣事的，他有病（即，当病情是这样说，有病的人是为了得到最后的祝福和节日的旅费）指示，现在已经能够为为使用这种连续成年礼。
8. 8 。 The Sacrament of Matrimony is to be celebrated within Mass, unless there is a good reason for the marriage to take place outside Mass. The Mass known as the "Nuptial Mass" (Missa pro Sponsis) must be said, or at least commemorated.圣事的婚姻是值得庆祝与质量，除非有很好的理由，婚姻法，以发生在境外麻省群众称为"婚前弥撒" （弥撒曲"亲sponsis ）应该说，或者至少是为纪念。 The homily, or address, may never be omitted, and the Nuptial Blessing is always to be given, even during those times when the solemnization of marriage has been excluded, and even if one or both of the parties has already been married.讲道，或地址，可能永远不会被遗漏的，以及婚后的祝福始终是把人民给予的，即使是在那个时候，当solemnization的婚姻已被排除在外，即使一方或双方当事人已经结婚了。
A new rite has been introduced for the celebration of Matrimony outside Mass. This rite consists of a short address, the reading of the Epistle and Gospel (taken from the Missa pro Sponsis), a homily, the celebration of the marriage, and the Nuptial Blessing.一个新的成年礼已推出为庆祝婚姻关系以外的马萨诸塞州，这成年礼构成的简短致辞，读的书信和福音（从弥撒曲"亲sponsis ） ，讲道，庆祝结婚，以及婚后祝福。 A hymn or other chant may be sung, and the "prayer of the faithful" -- adapted to include prayers for the newly married couple -- may be said before the Nuptial Blessing is given. 1圣歌或其他高唱可唱， "祈祷的信徒们" -适应包括祈祷，为新婚夫妇-可以说，前婚后祝福给出。
These instructions concerning marriage have been made for Catholic weddings; that is, when both parties are Catholics.这些指示，关于婚姻已经作出的天主教婚礼，那就是，当双方都是天主教徒。
9. 9 。 In the past, the right to give many blessings had been reserved, in such a way that without special authority a priest could not give these blessings, With some exceptions these blessings may now be give by any priest.在过去一段日子，有权给予许多祝福已预留，以这样一种方式，如果没有特殊管理局一名牧师不能给这些祝福，也有例外，这些祝福现在可能给予任何牧师。 The exceptions are: the blessing of Stations of the Cross; the blessing of a church bell of the foundation stone of a church; the blessing of a new church or public oratory, or of a new cemetery.例外情况是：祝福监测站的交叉;祝福的一所教堂的钟声，奠基仪式的一所教堂;祝福一个新的教堂或公众演讲，或一个新的墓地。 Papal blessings are still reserved.教皇祝福仍然保留。
Further instances of the adaptation and simplification desired by the Council are the abbreviations in the elaborate ceremonial which, in the course of centuries, had been built around the Cardinalate.进一步事例的修改和简化的期望相比，安理会是缩写，在阐述礼仪，其中，在这个过程中的几个世纪，一直围绕着cardinalate 。 While the number of cardinals has greatly increased, the ceremonies have been shortened.人数则有枢机主教，有大幅上升，仪式已经缩短。 The Pope no longer places the large red hat on the head of a new cardinal; instead, the hat is delivered to his residence in Rome by a Vatican messenger.教宗不再地方大红色的帽子，在头一个新的枢机主教，而是那顶帽子是送到他的住所在罗马由梵蒂冈信使。 The ceremony, in which the Pope places the red biretta upon the cardinal's head, has now been incorporated within one comprehensive ceremony, which is still called a "public consistory," during which the Pope and the newly-created cardinals join together to concelebrate Mass. Some simplification of the ecclesiastical dress of cardinals, bishops and other prelates, as well as simplification of the ceremonies at which they pontificate, also indicates the manner in which the Church is anxious to adapt itself to present-day values.仪式上，其中