In the Old Testament particularly, punishments for sins were severe.在旧约,尤其是捷联惯导系统的处罚,严重的。 Death was the punishment for striking or reviling a parent, for blasphemy, for Sabbath breaking, for witchcraft, for adultery, for rape, for incest, for kidnapping, for idolatry (Exod. 21:15,17; Lev. 24:14,16,23, Num. 15:32-36).死亡惩罚打击或reviling父母,亵渎,为安息日打破,巫术,通奸,强奸,乱伦,绑架,为偶像崇拜( exod. 21:15,17 ;列弗。 24:14 , 16,23 , NUM个。 15:32-36 ) 。 Capital punishment was by stoning (Deut. 22:24).死刑是用石头砸死的(申命记22时24分) 。 Romans introduced beheading (Matt. 14:10) and crucifixion (Mark 15:21-25).罗马人介绍斩首( matt. 14时10分)和十字架(马克15:21-25 ) 。 Other forms of punishment were being sawed apart, cutting with iron harrows, stripes, burning, and by the sword.其他形式的惩罚,被分开,切割与铁harrows ,条纹,燃烧,由剑。 Punishment in kind was a common principle (Exod. 21:23-25).处罚的种类是一项共同的原则( exod. 21:23-25 ) 。
The New Testament suggests a less brutal approach to punishment.新约圣经提出了以下残酷的方式惩罚。 This is primarily based on Christ's procuring forgiveness for man by bearing punishment for sin (Acts 2:38; 10:38-43).这主要是基于对基督的采购宽恕男子由轴承的处罚单仲偕( 2时38分行为; 10:38-43 ) 。
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Everlasting punishment is taught in Scripture for those who reject God's love that is revealed in Christ (Matt. 25:46; Dan. 12:2).永恒的惩罚是在圣经的教导对于谁拒绝接受上帝的爱即是透露,在基督里( matt. 25:46 ;丹。 12:2 ) 。 In Matt.在马特。 25:46, the word aionion (translated "everlasting" and "eternal") applies to the destiny of both the saved and the lost. 25:46 ,字aionion (译自“永恒”和“永恒” )适用的命运,既保存和丢失。 The final place of everlasting punishment is called the "lake of fire" (Rev. 19:20; 20:10,14,15).最后的地方,永恒的惩罚是被称为“湖火” (启示录19时20分; 20:10,14,15 ) 。 It is also called "the second death" (Rev. 14:9-11; 20:6).这也是所谓的“第二次的死” (启示录14:9-11 ; 20时06分) 。
"Hell" in Scripture translates Hades , the unseen realm where the souls of all the dead are. “地狱” ,在圣经翻译哈迪斯 ,无形的境界的灵魂,所有死者都是。 Gehenna is the place of punishment of Hades. gehenna是地方处罚哈迪斯。 Paradise is the place of blessing of Hades (Luke 16:19-31).天堂是地方的祝福哈迪斯(路加福音16:19-31 ) 。 The reason for eternal punishment is the rejection of the love of God in Christ (John 3:18,19).原因是永恒的处罚是拒绝上帝的爱在基督(约翰3:18,19 ) 。
Throughout the Bible it is insisted that sin is to be punished.整个圣经,这是坚持认为,单是要受到惩罚。 In an ultimate sense God will see that this is done, but temporarily the obligation is laid upon those in authority to see that wrongdoers are punished.在最终的意识,上帝都会看到,这是工作要做,但暂时的义务,是奠定后,那些在权威地看到,肇事者受到惩罚。 The lex talionis of Exod.法talionis的exod 。 21:23-25 is not the expression of a vindictive spirit. 21:23-25是不是表达一个报复性的精神。 Rather it assures an even justice (the rich and the poor are to be treated alike) and a penalty proportionate to the crime.而是保证一个更公正(贫富悬殊是一视同仁)和刑罚相称的罪行。
Two important points emerge from OT usage.两个重要的点,出现从酒店使用。 The verb used in the sense of "punish" is paqad, which means "visit."动词使用的意识, “惩罚”是paqad ,意思是“访问” 。 For God to come into contact with sin is for him to punish it.为上帝接触到单是为他来惩罚它。 Of the nouns used, most are simply the words for sin.该名词的使用,大多是简单的话为单。 Sin necessarily and inevitably involves punishment.单仲偕一定无可避免地涉及处罚。
In the NT "punishment" is not as common as "condemnation," which may be significant.在新界的“惩罚”是不是像“谴责” ,可能会显着。 To be condemned is sufficient.应该受到谴责是不够的。 Punishment is implied.惩罚是默示的保证。 The removal of punishment is brought about by the atoning death of our Lord.取消惩罚是所带来的atoning死亡,我们的主。 It is not said in so many words that Jesus bore punishment, unless bearing our sins (Heb. 9:28; I Pet. 2:24) be held to mean this.这并不是说,在这么多的话,耶稣膛处罚,除非事关我们的罪过(希伯来书9时28分,我的宠物。 2时24分)举行,是指这一点。 But that his sufferings were penal seems clearly to be the NT teaching.但他的痛苦,被刑法似乎显然要新台币的教学。
L
Morris升莫里斯
(Elwell Evangelical Dictionary)
( elwell福音事工促进会,字典)
Bibliography
参考书目
C. Brown,
NIDNTT,III, 98ff., H. Buis, The Doctrine of Eternal Punishment; L. Boettner,
Immortality; HE Guilleband, The Righteous Judge: A Study of the Biblical
Doctrine of Everlasting Punishment; J. Schneider, TDNT, III, 814ff.长布朗,
nidntt ,三, 98ff ,每小时buis ,中庸永恒的处罚;研究boettner ,不死;他guilleband
,正义的法官:研究圣经的教义,永恒的惩罚的J.施奈德, tdnt ,三, 814ff 。
The New Testament lays down the general principles of good government, but contains no code of laws for the punishment of offenders. Punishment proceeds on the principle that there is an eternal distinction between right and wrong, and that this distinction must be maintained for its own sake. 新约圣经规定的一般原则,良好的政府,但不包含法典,为惩治罪犯。处分收益对等原则,有是一个永恒的区分正确与错误的,并且这种区分必须保持其本身为了。 It is not primarily intended for the reformation of criminals, nor for the purpose of deterring others from sin.这不是主要用于改造罪犯,也不为目的的阻吓其他单。 These results may be gained, but crime in itself demands punishment.这些结果可能得到,但在犯罪本身的要求,处罚。 Endless, of the impenitent and unbelieving.无休止的,该impenitent和不信。 The rejection of this doctrine "cuts the ground from under the gospel...blots out the attribute of retributive justice; transmutes sin into misfortune instead of guilt; turns all suffering into chastisement; converts the piacular work of Christ into moral influence ...The attempt to retain the evangelical theology in connection with it is futile" (Shedd).拒绝这一学说“削减地面下的福音...杂交出来的属性报复性正义; transmutes单仲偕到的不幸,而不是有罪;轮流所有的苦难到责罚;转换piacular工作的基督道德的影响...企图保留福音派神学在结合是徒劳的“ (谢德) 。
(Easton Illustrated Dictionary) (伊斯顿说明字典)
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