The Upanishads are chronologically the latest portions of the Vedas, the sacred texts of Hinduism.该upanishads是时序上的最新部分的vedas ,神圣文本印度教。 The earliest Upanishads, probably dating from 900 to 600 BC, represent the first development of philosophical reflections in Sanskrit literature; later works have also been accepted from time to time as Upanishads.最早upanishads ,大概可以追溯到900至公元前600名,代表了第一个发展的哲学思考,在梵语文学,后来工程,也被接受,不时为upanishads 。 According to a widespread tradition the oldest Upanishads are the Isa, Kena, Katha, Prasna, Mundaka, Mandukya, Taittiriya, Aitareya, Chandogya, Brhadaranyaka, Svetasvatara, Kaushitaki, and Maitri Upanishads. The material they comprise is part poetry, part prose.根据一种普遍的传统,最古老的upanishads是伊萨克娜, katha , prasna , mundaka , mandukya , taittiriya , aitareya , chandogya , brhadaranyaka , svetasvatara , kaushitaki ,麦特瑞upanishads 。物质组成,他们是诗歌,散文的一部分。 They contain didactic stories, allegories, and passages for meditation, a number of which are repeated in more than one Upanishad or elsewhere in the Vedic corpus.它们含有说教故事,寓言,和通道冥想,其中许多是重复在一个以上upanishad或其他地方,在吠陀语料库。
The fundamental concern of the Upanishads is the nature of reality. They teach the identity of the individual soul (atman) with the universal essence soul (Brahman). 根本关切的upanishads是大自然的现实,他们任教的个人的身份灵魂(阿特曼)与普遍本质的灵魂(婆罗门) 。 Because they are the final portions of the Vedas, they are also known as Vedanta, "the end of the Vedas," and their thought, as interpreted in succeeding centuries, is likewise known as Vedanta.因为他们是最后部分的vedas ,他们也被称为vedanta , "年底的vedas " ,他们的思想,诠释在后来的几百年,是同样被称为vedanta 。
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Bibliography:
参考书目:
P Deussen, The Philosophy of the
Upanishads (1960); E Easwaren, The Upanishads: A Selection (1987); NA Nikam, Ten
Principal Upanishads: Some Fundamental Ideas (1974); S Sharma, Life in the
Upanishads (1985). p deussen ,哲学的upanishads ( 1960年) ;电子伊斯瓦伦, upanishads
:一种选择( 1987年) ;娜nikam ,十项主要upanishads :一些基本的思想( 1974年) ; s夏尔马,生活中的upanishads (
1985 ) 。
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