Sadducees撒都该人
General
Information 一般资料
The Sadducees
were a Jewish religious sect that flourished from about 200 BC until the fall of
Jerusalem in AD 70.该撒都该人是一个犹太宗教教派兴盛，从约公元前200到秋天，耶路撒冷在公元70年。 A priestly and aristocratic group, the
Sadducees owed their power to political alliance with the Romans, who ruled
their land. They opposed the Pharisees' use of Oral Law and held only to the
Pentateuch (the first five books of the Old Testament). They also differed
with the Pharisees on many theological tenets: for example, they did not believe
in resurrection and the immortality of the
soul.一司铎和贵族集团，撒都该人欠他们的权力，以政治联盟与罗马人，谁统治他们的土地，
他们反对法利'使用口服法和只举行向pentateuch （首批五本书的旧约）
，他们也不尽相同，与法利对许多神学信条：举例来说，他们不相信在复活和不朽的灵魂。 According to the New Testament, the
Sadducees played a leading role in the trial and condemnation of
Jesus.根据新约圣经，撒都该人发挥了主导作用，在审判和谴责耶稣。
Douglas Ezell道格拉斯ezell
Bibliography
参考书目
Buehler, William
Wagner, The Pre-Herodian Civil War and Social Debate: Jewish Society in the
Period 76-40 BC and the Social Factors Contributing to the Rise of the Pharisees
and the Sadducees (1974); Manson, Thomas Walter, Sadducee and Pharisee--The
Origin and Significance of the Name (1938). buehler
，威廉瓦格纳，预herodian内战和社会辩论：犹太社会中期内76-40 BC及社会因素作出贡献的崛起法利赛和撒都该人（ 1974年）
;曼森，托马斯沃尔特，撒都该"人与pharisee -起源和意义的名字（ 1 938） 。
Sadducees撒都该人
Advanced
Information 先进的信息
The Sadducees
were an important Jewish group that flourished in Palestine from the late second
century BC to the late first Christian
century.该撒都该人的一个重要的犹太人团体蓬勃发展，在从巴勒斯坦已故公元前二世纪，以已故第一基督教世纪。
Sources来源
The most reliable information about the
Sadducees is found in three bodies of ancient literature: the writings of
Flavius Josephus, The Jewish War (written ca. AD 75), Antiquities of the Jews
(ca. AD 94), and Life (ca. AD 101); the NT, particularly the Synoptic Gospels
and Acts (ca. AD 65-90; Matt. 3:7; 16:1-12; 22:23-34; Mark 12:18-27; Luke
20:27-38); and the rabbinic compilations (ca. AD 200 and later; Mishnah, Ber.
9:5; Erub. 6:2; Par. 3:3, 7; Nidd. 4:2; Yad.
4:6-8).最可靠的信息，该撒都该人是发现三具古代文学：著作flavius约瑟夫，犹太战争（书面钙公元75 ） ，古物的犹太人（约公元94 ）
，生命（约公元专案101 ） ;新台币，尤其是天气福音行为（约公元65-90 ;马特。则为3:7 ; 16:1-12 ; 22:23-34
;马克12:18-27 ;卢克20时27分- 38 ） ，以及rabbinic汇编（约公元200和稍后; mishnah ，误码率。 9时05分; erub 。
6时02分;相提并论。 3时03分，第7节; nidd 。 4时02分;亚得。 4:6-8 ） 。 Two observations about these sources
should be made.两个观察这些来源应作出修改。 First, with the possible exception of
Josephus' War, all these sources are decidedly hostile towards the
Sadducees.首先，在可能的例外是约瑟夫'战争中，所有这些来源是断然敌视该撒都该人。 Second, many of the rabbinic
references, especially those found in the Talmud and later works, are of
doubtful historical
reliability.第二，很多有关的rabbinic参考，尤其是那些在犹太法典和后来工程，是可疑的历史可靠性。 Thus, our knowledge of the Sadducees is
perforce severely limited and
one-sided.因此，我们所知的撒都该人是perforce受到严重限制和片面的。
Name and
Nature名称及性质
Historically, the question of the
derivation and meaning of the name "Sadducees" has been closely tied to the
issue of the nature of the
group.从历史上看，问题的推导和意义，将名称改为"撒都该人"一直是紧密联系在一起的问题的性质，该集团的实力。 Ever since Abraham Geiger argued that
the Sadducees were the priestly aristocracy, the majority of scholars have held
that their name was derived from "Zadok," the name of the high priest during
Solomon's reign (I Kings 2:35; cf. Ezek. 44:15;
48:11).自从亚伯拉罕盖格说，撒都该人分别是司铎贵族，大多数学者都认为，他们的名字来自于"扎多克"的名字，高牧师在所罗门的统治（列王2时35分;比照ezek
44 ： 15 ; 48:11 ） 。 Thus the Sadducees are thought to have
been the party of the Zadokite priestly
elite.因此，撒都该人被认为是已被党的zadokite司铎精英。 There are problems with this construct,
however.有问题，这个建造，但。 The "Zadok" etymology does not explain
the doubling of the "d". "扎多克"的词源没有解释翻一番，在" D " 。 Moreover, when the Sadducees appeared
on the scene, the ruling priests were Hasmoneans, not
Zadokites.此外，当撒都该人出现在现场，执政党神职人员遭到哈斯摩年王朝" ，而不是zadokites 。 It is unlikely that the Hasmoneans
would have allied themselves with a rival priestly group whose very name called
into question the legitimacy of the Hasmonean high
priesthood.这是不可能的哈斯摩年王朝"
，将有专职自己与对手圣一群人的名字很成问题的合法性的hasmonean高级神职人员。
More recently,
many scholars have argued that the Sadducees were essentially a loose
confederation of wealthy and powerful men (this would include members of the
priestly aristocracy) who took a secular-pragmatic, rather than a
religious-ideological, stance with regard to the nation and its
laws.最近，许多学者都认为，撒都该人基本上是一个松散的邦联的富裕和强大的男子（这将包括成员对司铎贵族）的人了世俗务实的，而不是一个宗教的思想，立场，就向全国和法律。
Along with this view, new etymologies
for "Sadducees" have been offered.随着这一观点，新etymologies
"撒都该人"都得到了优惠。 TW Manson
proposed that behind the name stood the Greek title syndikoi, meaning "fiscal
officials."星期日曼森建议背后的名字，经受了希腊标题syndikoi ，意为"财官' " 。 R. North suggested that the Sadducees
saw themselves as administrators of justice and that their name was derived from
an otherwise unattested Piel adjective sadduq
("just").传译北认为，撒都该人看到了自己作为管理者的正义和他们的名字来源于一个否则unattested 32毫米形容词sadduq （
"公正" ） 。 These and other
etymologies solve some problems, but raise new ones; at bottom, they all remain
speculative.这些和其他etymologies解决一些问题，但提出新的方案;归根究底，他们都仍然是投机性。 In light of the total absence of
Sadducean sources, it would seem wise to admit that both the precise nature of
the Sadducees and the derivation of their name remain
uncertain.针对完全没有sadducean来源，它似乎是一个明智的承认，两者的确切性质的撒都该人，并得出自己的名字至今仍然未明朗。
History历史
Equally uncertain are the details of
Sadducean history.同样是不确定的细节sadducean历史。 The meager evidence suggests the
following outline.微薄的证据显示下列大纲。 The Sadducees solidified as a group
soon after the Maccabean revolt (167-160
BC).该撒都该人凝固作为一个集团后不久maccabean起义（公元前167-160 ） 。 They were heirs to a persistent
tendency within the Jewish aristocracy to see Judaism as a temple-centered
religion rather than a law-centered way of
life.他们继承了一个持续的趋势，符合犹太贵族看到犹太教作为一个庙为中心的宗教，而不是一个法治为本的生活方式。 Because they supported the Hasmonean
policy of military and economic expansion, they gradually came to exercise
tremendous influence in John Hyrcanus's court (134-104
BC).因为他们支持hasmonean政策的军事及经济扩张，他们逐渐地行使了巨大的影响力，约翰hyrcanus人民法院（公元前134-104 ）
。 Their influence
predominated until the end of Alexander Jannaeus's reign (76
BC).他们的影响力为主，直至本世纪末亚历山大jannaeus元年（公元前76 ） 。 Under Queen Alexandra (76-67 BC) the
Sadducees lost their power, and their numbers were greatly
reduced.根据皇后亚历山德拉（公元前76-67 ）撒都该人失去了他们的权力，其人数也大为减少。 They fared little better under Herod
the Great (37-4 BC), who deeply mistrusted the native Jewish
aristocracy.他们的表现稍微好一些希律下大（ 37-4 BC ）的，他们深深mistrusted本土犹太贵族。 With the imposition of direct Roman
rule (AD 6), Sadducean fortunes revived.与施加直接罗马统治（公元6 ） ，
sadducean算命复兴。 Between AD 6 and
66 the Sadducees not only became a major power within the Sanhedrin, but, for
many years, they were able to control the high priesthood as
well.公元6日和66撒都该人不仅成为一个大国在该公会，但是，多年来，他们能够控制高级神职人员等。 The revolt of 66-70 spelled the end for
the Sadducees.叛变的66-70拼写年底为撒都该人。 Although they had sought to forestall
the revolt, the Romans had no use for a failed
aristocracy.虽然他们曾试图预先阻止起义，罗马人已经没有用，为一个失败的贵族。 With the destruction of the temple and
the dissolution of the nation, the Sadducees faded into
oblivion.与销毁的庙宇和解散民族，撒都该人淡忘湮没。
Beliefs信仰
The Sadducees are said to have rejected
all Jewish observances not explicitly taught in the pentateuchal
law.该撒都该人据说已经拒绝了所有的犹太纪念活动，没有明确教导在pentateuchal法。 In their legal debates, the Sadducees
consistently pushed for a strict and narrow application of the
law.在他们的法律辩论中，撒都该人始终被推为严格的和狭隘的适用法律。 They repudiated the notions of
resurrection and rewards and punishments after
death.他们否定的概念复活，并兑现奖惩后死亡。 According to Josephus, they even denied
the immortality of the soul.据约瑟夫，他们甚至被剥夺了灵魂。 The Sadducees tended to diassociate God
from human affairs.该撒都该人倾向于diassociate上帝，从人类的事务。 For this reason, they maintained that
human choices and actions were totally free, unrestrained by divine
interference.为此，他们坚持认为，人的选择和行动完全自由，奔放，以神的干预。 Consistent with this emphasis on human
autonomy, the Sadducees denied the existence of angels and preterhuman
spirits.与此强调人的自主性，撒都该人否认存在天使和preterhuman饱满的精神状态。
Most scholars
have held that these beliefs mark off the Sadducees as conservatives who
stubbornly resisted the innovations of the Pharisees and
others.大多数学者都认为，这标志着信仰起飞的撒都该人作为保守派人士顽固地抵制了创新的法利赛等。 It should be noted, on the other hand,
that these beliefs could just as easily describe hellenized aristocrats who
wanted to minimize as much as possible the claims of their ancestral religion on
their daily
lives.应当指出，在另一方面，这些信仰很可能只是描述hellenized贵族，他们希望尽量减少，尽可能多地索赔其祖先的宗教对他们的日常生活。
Sadducees and the
NT撒都该人与新台币
Unlike the Pharisees, the Sadducees are
consistently painted in a bad light by the NT
writers.不像法利赛，撒都该人是始终在画一个坏轻由新台币作家。 Their opposition to Jesus and the early
church is presented as monolithic and
constant.他们反对耶稣和早期教会是作为单片和常数。 Reasons for the hostility are not hard
to imagine.原因敌意，是不难想象的。 To the Sadducees, Jesus and his early
followers would have appeared as destabilizing forces in delicate balance
between limited Jewish freedom and totalitarian Roman
rule.向撒都该人，耶稣和他的早期信徒会出现不稳定力量之间的微妙平衡有限的犹太人自由与极权罗马统治。 But just as significantly, the
Sadducees could not have had anything but contempt for a movement that
proclaimed the present reality of the resurrection and the unconditional
necessity of
repentance.但正如值得注意的是，撒都该人不可能有任何事情，但蔑视运动，即宣告了当前的现实的复活和无条件的必要性悔改之意。
S Taylor
s泰勒
(Elwell
Evangelical Dictionary) （ Elwell宣布了福音字典）
Bibliography
参考书目
Josephus, The
Jewish War 2.8.2, 14; Antiquities of the Jews 13.5.9, 13.10.6, 18.1.4, 20.9.1;
and Life 10; A Geiger, Sadducaer und Pharisaer; GH Box, "Who Were the
Sadducees?"约瑟夫，犹太战争2.8.2 ， 14票;古物的犹太人13.5.9 ， 13.10.6 ， 18.1.4 ，
20.9.1和生活十;盖格， sadducaer und pharisaer ;生长激素盒" ，他们分别是撒都该人" ？ Exp 15:19-38; TW Manson, "Sadducees and
Pharisees, The Origin and Significance of the Names," BJRL 22:144-59; R. North,
"The Qumran Sadducees," CBQ 17:164-88; J. Le Moyne, Les Sadduceens; WW Buehler,
Pre-Herodian Civil War and Social Debate; HD Mantel, "The Sadducees and the
Pharisees," in The World History of the Jewish People, VIII, 99-123; JM
Baumgarten, "The Pharisaic-Sadducean Controversies about Purity and the Qumran
Text," JJS 31:157-70.张15:19-38 ;星期日曼森" ，撒都该人与法利赛，起源和意义的名字， " bjrl
22:144-59 ;传译北， "库姆兰撒都该人， " cbq 17:164-88的J.乐moyne ，就业辅导组sadduceens
;第一次世界大战buehler ，预herodian内战和社会辩论;高清曼特尔， "撒都该人与法利赛" ，在世界历史上的犹太人民，八， 99-123 ;
jm鲍姆嘉通" ， pharisaic - sadducean争议的纯洁性和库姆兰文本中， " jjs 31:157-70 。
Also, see:此外，见：
(Advanced)
Pharisees, Sadducees, and Essenes （高级）
，法利赛，撒都该人，和essenes
This subject
presentation in the original English
language这一主题演讲，在原有的英语
Send an e-mail
question or comment to us: E-mail邮件发送问题或意见给我们：
电子邮箱
The main BELIEVE
web-page (and the index to subjects) is at http://mb-soft.com/believe/beliecha.html主要相信网页（和索引科目）
，是在http://mb-soft.com/believe/beliecha.html