Mass大众

General Information 一般资料

(This presentation primarily discusses Roman Catholic perspectives on the Eucharist. At the end of this presentation are links to Protestant and Jewish persectives, and a more general presentation on the Eucharist that includes presentation of the Orthodox perspective.) （本文主要讨论罗马天主教的角度对圣体圣事在本月底提交的纽带，以基督教和犹太教persectives ，更具有一般性介绍了圣体圣事，其中包括介绍正统的角度） 。

The central religious service of the Roman Catholic church, Mass is the celebration of the sacrament of the Eucharist, the rite instituted by Jesus Christ at the Last Supper. Some Lutherans and Anglicans also refer to the Eucharist as Mass. Based on the medieval Latin liturgy of Rome, the Mass takes its name from the Latin missa (dismissed), referring to the practice of dismissing the catechumens before the offertory. 中央宗教事务的罗马天主教教堂，弥撒庆祝圣事的圣体圣事，成年礼是由耶稣在最后的晚餐，有的lutherans和教教徒，也指圣体圣事，因为马萨诸塞州的基础上，中世纪拉丁语礼拜仪式罗马，大众把它的名称来自拉丁文弥撒曲" （解雇） ，是指在实践中，开除慕道前offertory 。 In the Eastern churches, the Mass is called the Holy Liturgy or the Offering.在东部教会，地下是叫圣礼仪中或承销商。 Catholics believe that consecration of the eucharistic elements of bread and wine transforms their substances into those of Jesus' body and blood; this doctrine is called transubstantiation.天主教徒相信consecration的圣体圣事的内容，面包和葡萄酒变换自己的物质进入那些耶稣的身体和血;这种学说是所谓陷于变体说。 Catholics are required to attend Sunday Mass as a minimum of public worship.天主教徒都须参加周日质量作为一项最低限度的公共崇拜。

The two chief parts of the Mass are the Liturgy of the Word and the Liturgy of the Eucharist.两个主要部分群众是礼仪中的一个字，礼仪中的圣体圣事。 The first consists primarily of two or three Scripture readings, a homily following the Gospel reading, and general intercessions or prayers of the faithful.第一部分主要是由两个或三个读经文，讲道以下福音读，而一般的intercessions或祈祷的信徒。 The main actions of the second part are the preparation of the altar and gifts, eucharistic prayer, breaking of bread, and communion.主要行动的第二部分是编写该祭坛和礼品，圣体祈祷，打破了面包，共融。 The Lord's Prayer is recited at the end of the eucharistic prayer and is followed by the exchange of the sign of peace.主祷文是背诵在年底圣体祈祷，并随后由外汇的标志的和平。 Introductory rites, including an entrance song, penitential rite, and opening prayer, precede the Word liturgy, and a concluding rite follows communion.介绍礼仪，其中包括一个入口松， penitential成年礼，并开放祷告，先字礼仪中，和一个结论成年礼如下共融。

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The structure of the Mass has remained fairly constant since the 2d century, although some local variations existed until modern times.结构质量一直保持相当稳定，因为二维世纪的时候，一些地方存在着差异，直至近代。 In the Roman rite Mass was celebrated in Latin from an early period until the reforms of the Second Vatican Council, which allowed for the use of vernacular languages, and which emphasized congregational singing and permitted communion in the forms of both bread and wine (previously the congregation had received only the bread).在罗马成年礼大规模的庆祝活动在拉丁美洲，从初期到改革的梵蒂冈第二届大公会议，允许使用本地语言，并强调堂会唱歌，并允许共享的形式既面包和酒（以前众只接受过面包） 。 The new Order of Mass of 1969 is one of the chief reforms stemming from the Council.新秩序的群众性的， 1969年是行政改革所产生的理事会。

LL Mitchell黎巴嫩镑米切尔

Bibliography 参考书目
Jungmann, Joseph, The Mass of the Roman Rite (1951); Klauser, Theodor, A Short History of the Western Liturgy, 2d ed. jungmann ，约瑟夫，地下的古罗马礼仪（ 1951 ） ; klauser ， Theodor的，历史较短的西方礼仪中，二维海关。 (1979); McManus, Frederick, ed., Thirty Years of Liturgical Renewal (1987); Patino, JM, ed., The New Order of Mass (1970). （ 1979年） ;麦克马纳斯，冯检，海关，三十年的礼仪重建（ 1987年） ; patino ， jm ，版，新秩序的质量（ 1970年） 。


Mass大众

General Information 一般资料

High Mass is sung, with a Priest, a Deacon and a sub-Deacon participating. 高集体是宋，有一名神父，执事和一个分执事参加。

Low Mass is spoken, not sung, with only a Priest and server participating. 低质量是说，不唱，只剩下一名神父和服务器参与。

Mass大众

General Information 一般资料

Mass is the ritual of chants, readings, prayers, and other ceremonies used in the celebration of the Eucharist in the Roman Catholic church.群众是祭祀的呼喊，读，祈祷，以及其他仪式，在庆祝圣体圣事中，罗马天主教教堂。 The same name is used in high Anglican churches.同一个名字，是用在高圣公会教堂。 Other Protestant churches call this ritual Holy Communion or the Lord's Supper ; Eastern Orthodox churches call it the Divine Liturgy .其他新教教会呼吁这个祭祀圣餐，或主的晚餐 ;东区东正教教堂，这就是神圣的礼拜仪式 。 The word mass comes from the Latin missa ("sent").字地下来自拉美弥撒曲" （下称"派" ） 。 It was taken from the formula for dismissing the congregation: Ite, missa est ("Go, the Eucharist has been sent forth"), referring to the ancient custom of sending consecrated bread from the bishop's Mass to other churches in Rome to symbolize that church's unity with the bishop in the celebration of the Mass.它是从公式解雇众：信息技术设备，弥撒曲"市盈率（ "走出去，在圣体已被送往出来" ） ，指的古老风俗派遣consecrated面包，由辅理主教的弥撒其他教会在罗马的象征教会的团结与主教在庆祝的马萨诸塞

Forms of the Mass形式的群众性

The earliest form of the celebration of the Mass was the domestic Eucharist.最早的形式庆祝大众是国内圣体圣事。 Archaeological evidence shows that from the 3rd to the 4th century, Christian communities celebrated Mass in large homes.考古证据显示，从第3至4世纪，基督教社区的群众性庆祝，在大家园。 The local bishop presided over this Eucharist.当地主教主持圣体圣事本。 After Emperor Constantine the Great's Edict of Toleration (313 AD), public buildings - called basilicas - were adapted to the celebration of the bishop's Eucharist.之后，皇帝君士坦丁伟大的法令的耐受性（ 313专案） ，公共建筑-所谓b asilicas-被改编为庆祝新辅理主教的圣体圣事。 As the church grew and the number of individual churches increased, presbyters attached to these churches came to lead the celebration.由于教会的成长和若干个别教会增加了， 长老重视这批教会来带领庆祝活动。 Eventually, these presbyters became known as sacerdotes ("priests"; see Priest).最终，这些长老后来被称为sacerdotes （ "祭司" ，见神父） 。

Before the 8th century, the only form of the Mass was the public Mass, celebrated by a bishop or priest with a congregation.前8世纪，唯一的形式传播，是公众弥撒，庆祝主教或神父与聚集。 In its solemn form ( High Mass ), most parts are sung.在庄严的形式（ 高质量 ） ，大部份是唱。 In its most elaborate form, the papal Mass , the pope is assisted by the papal nobility, Latin and Eastern Rite deacons, the papal court, and numerous other functionaries.在其最详细的表格， 教皇弥撒 ，教宗是协助教皇贵族，拉丁美洲和东欧的成年礼执事，教皇法庭，以及众多的其他行政管理工作。 The pontifical Mass (solemn Mass of a bishop) is less elaborate, although besides deacons, subdeacons, thurifers (incense bearers), and acolytes, the bishop is also assisted by his familia (family), assistants who are responsible for taking care of his regalia (solemn vestments) and insignia (miter, crosier, and pontifical cross). 宗座大众 （庄严大规模的主教） ，是那么细，虽然除了执事，耶稣， thurifers （香承担者） ，以及追随者，这位主教是还协助他的家庭（家庭） ，助理人员，他们是有责任照顾他的富豪 （庄严总有一套） ， 徽 （人字， crosier ，宗座交叉） 。 The solemn parish, or monastic, Mass is celebrated with deacon and subdeacon.庄严堂，还是寺院，是群众性庆祝执事和subdeacon 。 The simplest form of sung Mass is celebrated by one priest, with the assistance of acolytes and thurifer.最简单的形式唱大规模庆祝活动，由一名司铎的协助下与追随者和thurifer 。 In daily celebrations, a simpler form is used in which all parts of the Mass are read by one priest.在日常的庆祝活动，一个比较简单的形式是用中，所有零部件的质量都看过一个牧师。 This is the Missa Lecta ("read Mass"), or Low Mass.这是弥撒曲" lecta （ "阅读大众" ） ，或低麻省

Beginning in the 8th century, the private Mass evolved in the monasteries of northern Europe.一开始，在8世纪，私营大规模的发展，对寺庙的北欧。 Monks were originally laity, and they relied on local priests for their sacramental needs or ordained some of their own members for those needs.和尚原本俗人，他们依托地方神父为他们的圣事需要或受戒自己的一些成员，为满足这些需求。 Beginning in the 8th century, British and Irish monks were ordained for the missionary work of converting the tribes of northern Europe that had been subdued by Charlemagne and his successors.一开始，在8世纪，英国和爱尔兰僧侣被祝圣为传教工作的转换部落的北部欧洲已被制服，由查理曼和他的继任者。 By the 11th century (after the great missionary age), the growing monasteries of northern Europe continued to ordain their monks; so the number of priests eventually far exceeded the sacramental needs of the monks.由11世纪后（伟大的传教士岁） ，越来越多的寺院北部欧洲继续阿拉维其僧侣，因此，有多少司铎，最终远远超出了圣事的需要了和尚。 Thus, the practice of private daily celebration of Mass grew until, by the 12th century, it was common.因此，实践中的私人庆祝每日大规模增长，直到中， 12世纪，这是常见的。

Parts of the Mass部分群众

By the 6th century the parts of the Mass were relatively fixed.由6世纪的部分群众则相对固定。 Six principal sections can be distinguished.六个主要路段，可加以区别。

Liturgical Books礼仪书籍

Before the 13th century a variety of liturgical books were used in the celebration of the Mass. The choir used the Graduale (for the Gradual chant) and Antiphonale (for the responsive processional chants at the Entrance, Offertory, Communion, and Recessional).之前， 13世纪的各种礼仪书籍则是用在庆祝的马萨诸塞州合唱团用graduale （为逐步高唱）和antiphonale （为顺应processional呼喊在入口处， offertory ，共融，衰退） 。 The subdeacon used the Apostolus (letters of the New Testament), the deacons the Evangelarium (Gospel) , and the presiding celebrant the Sacramentarium, which contained all the prayers of the Mass. As the practice of private Mass grew, the various liturgical texts were gathered into one book for the priest who performed all the parts of the Mass alone.该subdeacon用apostolus （字母的新约圣经） ，执事的evangelarium （福音） ，并主持监礼人的sacramentarium ，其中载有所有祈祷的，因为马萨诸塞州的做法，私人大规模增长，各种礼仪文本收集到一本书，为牧师演出的所有零部件的质量。 This book, called the missal , contained all the prayers, readings, and chants of the Mass. The various missals used since the 13th century were standardized in an official text, the Roman missal (1570), which was issued by order of the Council of Trent.这本书，被称为missal ，包含所有的祷告，读，并呼喊的马萨诸塞州各missals用自13世纪被规范在一个正式文本， 罗马missal （ 1570 ） ，这是发出命令的安理会的遄达。 Earlier, in 1298, papal and episcopal ceremonies had been standardized in the Roman pontifical .此前，在1298 ，教皇和主教的仪式已得到进一步规范，在罗马宗座 。 The Roman missal and the Roman pontifical have been revised several times over the centuries.罗马missal与罗马宗座有过数次修订数百年。

The Second Vatican Council (1962-65) introduced a number of changes into the celebration of Mass. The council returned to the ancient practice of calling this sacrament and its celebration by the same name: the Eucharist .梵蒂冈第二届大公会议（ 1962-1965 ）提出了多项修改加入庆祝的马萨诸塞州立法会退回给古老的做法，与其说这圣餐及其庆祝活动，由同一个名字： 圣体圣事 。 The principal liturgical changes include the introduction of vernacular languages into the Eucharist, the return to the custom of allowing the laity to receive both bread and wine, and the reintroduction of the practice of concelebration.主要礼仪的变化，包括引进乡土语言纳入圣体圣事，回归到传统风俗，让俗人接收面包和酒，以及重新引进的做法concelebration 。