The caste system in India is directly related to their religious beliefs.种姓制度在印度直接关系到他们的宗教信仰。 About 2500 years before Christ, a white people called the Aryans came to India (probably from Persia.)约2500年前的基督，白色人们称为雅利安人来到印度（可能是从波斯） 。
The Aryans formed a caste system in order to maintain the purity of their blood and to maintain white supremacy.该雅利安人，形成了种姓制度，以保持纯洁的血液，并保持白人至上。 Originally, they recognized only four castes:原来，他们认识到只有四个种姓：
| BELIEVE 相信 Religious 宗教 Information 资讯 Source 源 web-site 网址： |
| Our List of 1,000 Religious Subjects 我们所列出的1000名宗教科目 |
| E-mail 电子邮箱 |
Later, these four castes multiplied until today where there are thousands of castes in India.后来，这四个种姓成倍增加，直到今天，有成千上万的种姓在印度。 Only Hindus practice the caste system; it is abandoned if a Hindu becomes a Mohammedan or a Christian.只有印度教徒实行种姓制度，它是被遗弃的，如果一个印度教成为穆罕默德或基督徒。
The castes became hereditary which meant that all sons are necessarily members of the same caste as their fathers and that he has to follow his father's occupation.该种姓成了世袭这意味着所有的儿子一定是大家的同一种姓，因为他们的父亲和他已跟随他的父亲的职业。 The 7000 modern castes even include a caste of thieves! 7000现代种姓，甚至包括一个种姓的小偷！
If someone is expelled from his caste or has no caste by birth, he is known as an Untouchable, a pariah, and such a person is in a hopeless and pitiable condition. There are currently more than 60,000,000 untouchables in India.如果有人是开除他的种姓或无种姓由出生时，他被称为是一个碰不得的，一个贱民，这样的人在无望的，太可惜了条件， 有目前台湾已有超过六千万贱民在印度。
Hinduism teaches that anyone born into a lower caste or an Untouchable is being punished for the sins committed in his past life.印度教教义告诉任何人出生在一个低种姓或一个碰不得的，是被惩罚，为罪孽，在他过去的生活。 If such a person is calmly resigned to his fate and lives rightly, he will be elevated in caste in his next life. This premise tends to make the members of the lower castes and the untouchables submissive to the terrible economic and social conditions under which they live.这样的人如果冷静地辞职，以他的命运和生活中正确的，他会不断提高，在种姓在他的下生活。 在这个前提下，往往使大家的低种姓和贱民顺从可怕的经济和社会条件下，他们活。
Brahma is the chief god, the omnipresent one who is father of the Brahman Trinity.布拉马是行政上帝，无处不在的人是父亲的婆罗门三一。 He has four heads, three of which (representing their Trinity) can be seen from any point of view.他有4个负责人，其中3个（代表其三一） ，可从任何角度来看。
Hinduism, one of the great religions of the world, is the major religion of India, where nearly 85 percent of the population is classified as Hindu.印度教，一个伟大的宗教世界，是主要的宗教，印度，有近85 ％的人口列为印度教。 Hinduism has developed over about 4,000 years and has no single founder or creed; rather, it consists of a vast variety of beliefs and practices. Organization is minimal and hierarchy nonexistent.印度教研制出约4000年，并没有单一的创始人或教义，而是它是一个庞大的多种信仰和习俗。组织是微不足道的层级存在的。 In its diversity, Hinduism hardly fits most Western definitions of religion; rather, it suggests commitment to or respect for an ideal way of life, known as Dharma.它的多样性，印度教并不符合大多数西方定义的宗教，相反，它意味着承诺或尊重一个理想的生活方式，被称为护法。
These ideal classes and stations encompass males only.这些理想班及车站，包括男性只。 The position of women in Hinduism has always been ambiguous; they are, on the one hand, venerated as a symbol of the divine, on the other, treated as inferior beings.妇女的地位在印度教一直是含糊不清，他们是，一方面，由于崇敬的象征神圣，在另一方面，被视为低人一等。 Women were traditionally expected to serve their husbands and to have no independent interests.妇女传统预计将在她们的丈夫，并没有独立的利益。 Recent movements within Hinduism, however, such as the Brahmo Samaj, have succeeded in altering this situation.最近流动印度教，不过，如以brahmo samaj ，已成功地改变了这一局面。
This view is similar to that of the ancient Greeks.这种观点是相似的是古希腊人。 For example, the supreme gods Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva and some of the other gods are often viewed as activated through their relationships with female deities.举例来说，最高人民法院神布拉马， vishnu ，湿婆和其他一些神往往被视为激活通过他们的关系与女性神。 These female consorts to the deities are called Shakti.这些女consorts向神佛正所谓shakti 。 Other well known gods are said to be relatives of a supreme god, such as Ganesha, the elephant - headed god, a son of Shiva and Parvati.其他著名的神说是亲戚一个至高无上的神，如ganesha ，大象-为首的上帝，一个儿子的湿婆和p arvati。 Kali, or Durga, the consort of Shiva, is worshiped widely throughout India in the autumn.作者Kali ，或杜尔加，的CONSORT的湿婆，是崇拜在全国各地广为印度在秋天。 Hanuman, the monkey - faced god, is depicted in many shrines, and along with Lakshmi, Vishnu's wife, is among the most important deities associated with Vaishnavism. hanuman ，猴-两面神，是描绘在许多神社，而且随着充满信心， v ishnu的妻子，是其中最重要的神灵与v aishnavism。 The sets of gods recognized by different sects are by no means mutually exclusive, however.该套神承认不同教派的是绝不是相互排斥的，不过。
Each of these places has one or more temples where annual festivals are celebrated that attract large numbers of pilgrims.每个这些地方有一个或一个以上的庙宇那里每年节日庆祝吸引大批香客。
Certain festival days are celebrated throughout India on a day fixed according to the Hindu lunisolar calendar.某些节日是庆祝了整个印度的某一天固定的，根据印度教的日月日历。 Prominent among these is Dipavali, the "Festival of Lights," occurring in October and November, at which lamps are placed around the house to welcome Lakshmi, the goddess of prosperity.其中最突出的是dipavali ， "节日灯" ，发生在10月和11月，在这灯放在靠近内务欢迎充满信心，女神的繁荣。 Holi, a spring festival in February or March, is a day of riotous funmaking; this frequently involves temporary suspension of caste and social distinctions, and practical jokes are the order of the day. holi ，春节在2月或3月，是一天的缤纷funmaking ，这常常涉及到服务暂时中断的种姓和社会的区别，并实际笑话是提到议事日程。 In the fall (September and October) a ten day period is set aside to honor the Mother Goddess, culminating in Dashara, the tenth day, a day of processions and celebrations.在今年秋季（ 9月至10月）一项为期10天的期限是预留荣誉母亲女神，最终dashara ，第十天，一天的游行和庆祝活动。 This festival is extremely important in Bengal, where it is known as Durga Puja.这个艺术节是极为重要的，在孟加拉，因为它正在被称为杜尔加puja 。
Vedism stressed hope for a future existence in heaven and lacked the concepts of karma and rebirth; Hinduism characteristically includes karma and rebirth, and the greatest hope is for eventual release from their sway. vedism强调，希望为未来的生存在天堂和缺乏概念的因果报应与重生;印度教的特点就是包含的因果报应和再生的，而最大的希望是最终释放其摆动。
The Vedic deities were somewhat different from those which dominate in Hinduism, although scholars have traced the origins of Vishnu and Shiva back to Vedic counterparts.该吠陀神稍有不同，从那些已经主宰了印度教，虽然学者们追查的起源vishnu和湿婆回到吠陀对口单位。 Later Vedism is sometimes called Brahmanism because of the authority accorded the Brahmins, or priests, who performed the ritual Vedic sacrifice.后来vedism有时也被称为婆罗门教，因为该管理局给予该婆罗门，或神职人员，他们的表现祭祀吠陀牺牲。 However, the challenge of non - Vedic religions, notably Buddhism and Jainism, led to the replacement of the rigid Brahmanical rules by more relaxed and varied forms of worship.然而，挑战的非-吠陀宗教，特别是佛教和耆那教，导致更换刚性b rahmanical规则更为宽松和多样形式的崇拜。
Although the Vedas continue to be spoken of as the final authority in Hinduism, other texts of equal importance exist.虽然vedas继续以口语的，因为最终的权力，在印度教，其它文本同样重要的存在。 Thus, a literature was developed for each of the four aims of life: various Dharmasastras, such as the Code of Manu, which detail the duties of class and station; Kamasastras, such as the Kamasutras of Vatsyayana, handbooks of pleasure, erotic and otherwise; the Arthasastra, attributed to Kautilya (fl. 300 BC), which, like Machiavelli's The Prince, offers advice to a ruler as to how to keep the throne; and the philosophical literature of the various systems, which deals with liberation and how to achieve it.因此，一个文学的发展，为每家的目标，生活：各种dharmasastras ，如代码的马努，其中详细的职责工人阶级和车站; kamasastras ，如以kamasutras的vatsyayana ，手册的乐趣，色情及其他; arthasastra ，归因于考底利耶（ fl.公元前300年） ，其中，像马基雅维里的王子，提供咨询意见，以直尺，以企业如何留住宝座;与哲学文学的各项制度，其中涉及解放和如何实现这一目标。
In addition, certain collections of tales came to be widely known in popular life, especially the two great epics, the Mahabarata and the Ramayana.此外，一些收藏品的故事，来到广为人知，在大众生活中，特别是两个伟大的艺术史诗， mahabarata和罗摩衍那。 The Mahabharata tells of five princes who were cheated out of their kingdom and who, after a period of banishment in the forest, returned to fight a victorious and righteous war to regain it.该摩诃婆罗告诉五名王子的人被骗去的，他们和英国的人，经过一段时间的放逐在森林里，回来打一场必胜的正义战争，以恢复它。 An especially beloved portion of this epic is the section called the Bhagavad Gita, in which Arjuna, one of the brothers, is counseled by his charioteer Krishna, an incarnation of Lord Vishnu.尤其是心爱的一部分，这是史诗的一段称为bhagavad歌，其中阿周，其中一本是兄弟，是辅导，由他的charioteer克利须那，是一个化身主vishnu 。 The Ramayana tells the story of the ideal Hindu man, Rama, whose wife Sita is abducted by a demon, and of Rama's journey to Sri Lanka to recapture her.该罗摩衍那的故事讲述理想印度教男子，拉马，其妻子的SITA是绑架的恶魔，和拉玛的征程斯里兰卡夺回她。 Both epics are filled with didactic tales, edifying poems, and fables. It is probably through their constant retelling in the village that Hinduism is most efficiently disseminated from generation to generation. Another source of Hindu lore is the Puranas, collections of legends and myths.无论史诗，是充满说教的故事，有启发性的诗歌，及寓言， 它可能是通过其不断重述，在村庄，印度教，是最有效的传播代代相传。另一个来源印度教的传说，是puranas ，藏品的传说与神话。
The period from roughly 500 BC to 1000 AD is sometimes spoken of as that of classical Hinduism.期间，从约公元前500年至公元1000年，是有时口语的，因为古典印度教。 It was during this period that the major literature was composed, the great philosophical systems developed, and the basic Vaishnava and Shaiva sects organized.这是在这一时期的主要文学组成，伟大的哲学体系的发展，其基本vaishnava和shaiva教派组织。 After 1000, beginning in south India somewhat earlier, a spirit of devotional fervor coupled with social reform swept through India, and the period from that time until near the present is known as the bhakti period.之后， 1000名员工，开始在印度南部的有点早，精神灵修的热潮，再加上社会改革席卷印度和期限，自那时起直到附近，是目前已知的，因为巴克蒂时期。 During this time the forms of religious worship changed and diversified further.在这段时间里形式的宗教崇拜的改变和多元化。 Singing of devotional songs and poems in the vernacular rather than in Sanskrit, the language in which practically all classical Hindu literature was written, is one example.歌唱的灵修歌曲和诗歌中的白话，而不是在梵语，语文，其中几乎所有的古典文学印度教写，就是一个好例子。 Direct approach to the god was emphasized, and the mediating role of the priest somewhat curtailed.直接的方法向上帝与会者强调，和调停作用的神父有所削减。 Love, a sentiment common to all but particularly to the most ordinary villager, is now celebrated as the way to the highest end; some bhakti philosophies hold that liberation is not the supreme goal and that loving service to God is a higher one.爱情，意欲共同所有，但特别以最普通的村民，现在庆祝的方式，以最高端;一些巴克蒂哲学认为，解放是不是最高目标，并热爱服务，以上帝的是一个较高的一个。
Recent developments in Hinduism are indicative of a movement away from certain aspects of classical practice, such as Suttee, a widow's suicide at her husband's funeral; caste distinctions; and even karma and rebirth.最近的事态发展在印度教是指示性的一个运动，远离某些方面的古典实践中，如suttee ，寡妇的自杀在她的丈夫的葬礼;种姓区别;乃至因果报应与重生。
Karl H Potter卡尔h哈利波特
Bibliography:
参考书目：
AL Basham, The Origins and Development
of Classical Hinduism (1989); S Chennakesavan, A Critical Study of Hinduism
(1980); TJ Hopkins, The Hindu Religion Tradition (1971); D Kinsley, Hinduism
(1982); KK Klostermaier, A Survey of Hinduism (1988); R Lannoy, The Speaking
Tree (1974); WD O'Flaherty, Dreams, Illusions and Other Realities (1984); LSS
O'Malley, Popular Hinduism (1935); KM Sen, Hinduism (1961); P Thomas, Hindu
Religion, Customs and Manners (1981); RC Zaehner, Hinduism
(1962).铝巴沙姆，起源和发展，古典印度教（ 1989 ） ; s chennakesavan ，一个关键的研究印度教（ 1980年） ;
TJ音乐霍普金斯，印度教宗教传统（ 1971条） ， d kinsley ，印度教（ 1982年） ; KK公司klostermaier ，一项调查印度教（
1988 ）与r lannoy ，说话的树（ 1974年） ;万泰奥弗莱厄蒂，梦想，幻想，以及其他实际情况（ 1984年）
;支助和服务法欧玛莉，大受欢迎的印度教（ 1935年） ;公里森，印度教（ 1961年） ; p托马斯，印度教宗教，习俗和礼仪（ 1981年）
;钢筋zaehner ，印度教（ 1962 ） 。
Shiva (Sanskrit for "auspicious one"), also called Siva, is the Hindu god who personifies both the destructive and the procreative forces of the universe.湿婆（梵语为"吉祥" ） ，也称为湿婆是印度教神人personifies无论是破坏性和生育力的宇宙。 As the destroyer, he is represented wearing a necklace of skulls and surrounded by demons.作为驱逐舰，他是代表戴项链的头骨，并被妖魔。 His reproductive aspect is symbolized by the lingam, a phallic emblem.他的生殖方面的象征，由lingam ，阳徽。 Shiva is also the god of asceticism and of art, especially dancing.湿婆，也是上帝的禁欲主义和艺术，尤其是舞蹈。 He rides on the bull Nandi, and his consort is the mother goddess Uma, or Kali.他乘坐的牛市的南，和他的CONSORT是母亲女神UMA技术或作者Kali 。 Some Hindus worship Shiva as the supreme deity and consider him a benevolent god of salvation as well as a god of destruction.一些印度教徒崇拜湿婆作为最高神，并认为他是善神的救恩，以及作为一个上帝的毁灭。
translated by G Buhler翻译由G布勒
6. 6
。 Then the divine
Self existent (Svayambhu, himself) indiscernible, (but) making (all) this, the
great elements and the rest, discernible, appeared with irresistible (creative)
power, dispelling the darkness.那么神圣的自我存在（ svayambhu ，其本人在内） indiscernible
， （但是） ，使（所有） ，大要素和休息，可辨，似乎势不可挡（创作）的权力，驱散黑暗。
7. 7 。 He who can be perceived by the internal
organ (alone), who is subtile, indiscernible, and eternal, who contains all
created beings and is inconceivable, shone forth of his own
(will).他的人可以察觉到内部器官（单） ，谁是subtile ， indiscernible
，和永恒的，他们包含了所有创造的人，是不可想象的，所焕发出来的，他自己（会） 。
8. 8 。 He, desiring to produce beings of many
kinds from his own body, first with a thought created the waters, and placed his
seed in them.他盼望与制作人的许多种，由他自己的身体，首先是一个思想造成的水域，并置于他的种子在他们。
9. 9
。 That (seed)
became a golden egg, in brilliancy equal to the sun; in that (egg) he himself
was born as Brahman, the progenitor of the whole world. （种子）
，成为金蛋，在光芒等于太阳在（蛋） ，他本人出生作为婆罗门， progenitor也符合整个世界的。
10. 10 。 The waters are called narah, (for) the
waters are, indeed, the offspring of Nara; as they were his first residence
(ayana), he thence is named Narayana.该水域是所谓narah ，
（供）水，的确都是后代的奈良;因为它们是他的第一个居住地（ ayana ）时，他从那里命名narayana 。
11. 11
。 From that (first)
cause, which is indiscernible, eternal, and both real and unreal, was produced
that male (Purusha), who is famed in this world (under the appellation of)
Brahman.从这个（第一）的原因，这是indiscernible ，永恒的，并从实质和虚幻的，是产生男性（ purusha ）
，他是著名的在这个世界上（下称谓）婆罗门。
12. 12 。 The divine one resided in that egg
during a whole year, then he himself by his thought (alone) divided it into two
halves;神圣的一个居住在这期间，鸡蛋整整一年了，然后他自己由他的思想（单）除以它分成了两个部分;
13. 13 。 And out of those two halves he formed
heaven and earth, between them the middle sphere, the eight points of the
horizon, and the eternal abode of the waters.出于这些两半，他形成了天地之间，他们中球，
8分的地平线上，永恒居留权的水域。
14. 14 。 From himself (atmanah) he also drew
forth the mind, which is both real and unreal, likewise from the mind egoism,
which possesses the function of self consciousness (and is) lordly;由本人（
atmanah ）他还提请了头脑，这既是现实和虚幻的，同样地，从心享乐主义，极端个人主义，具有功能的自我意识（是） lordly ;
15. 15
。 Moreover, the
great one, the soul, and all (products) affected by the three qualities, and, in
their order, the five organs which perceive the objects of
sensation.此外，伟大的，一个是灵魂，而所有（产品） ，受上述三个素质，并在他们的一声令下，五个器官，感知物体的轰动。
16. 16
。 But, joining
minute particles even of those six, which possess measureless power, with
particles of himself, he created all
beings.但是，加入分钟粒子，甚至那些6个，其中拥有measureless权力，与粒子的自己，他创造了一切。
17. 17 。 Because those six (kinds of) minute
particles, which form the (creator's) frame, enter (a - sri) these (creatures),
therefore the wise call his frame sarira, (the body.)因为这6个（种）
，一分钟粒子，形成了（原创）框，输入（一-斯里兰卡）这些（动物） ，所以聪明的，他呼吁帧s arira， （身体） 。
18. 18 。 That the great elements enter, together
with their functions and the mind, through its minute parts the framer of all
beings, the imperishable one.这是伟大的要素进入，连同其职能和头脑，透过其分钟部件framer的众生，
imperishable之一。
19. 19 。 But from minute body ( - framing)
particles of these seven very powerful Purushas springs this (world), the
perishable from the imperishable.但是，从分体（ -帧）粒子的这7个非常强大的p urushas温泉（世界）
，易腐烂，从i mperishable。
20. 20 。 Among them each succeeding (element)
acquires the quality of the preceding one, and whatever place (in the sequence)
each of them occupies, even so many qualities it is declared to
possess.它们之间相互接替（元）的收购质量的前一，什么地方（在组诗）他们每个人占有，但即使如此，许多素质是声称要具备什么条件。
21. 21
。 But in the
beginning he assigned their several names, actions, and conditions to all
(created beings), even according to the words of the
Veda.但在开始时，他指派自己的几个名字，行动，并为条件向所有（创建人） ，即使按照字的吠陀。
22. 22 。 He, the Lord, also created the class of
the gods, who are endowed with life, and whose nature is action; and the subtile
class of the Sadhyas, and the eternal
sacrifice.他时，主，也创造了一流的神灵，他们赋有生命的，其本质是行动和subtile一流的sadhyas ，永恒的牺牲。
23. 23
。 But from fire,
wind, and the sun he drew forth the threefold eternal Veda, called Rik, Yagus,
and Saman, for the due performance of the
sacrifice.但是，从火，风，阳光，他提出了三个方面的永恒吠陀，所谓rik ，亚乌什，萨满，以充分表现的牺牲。
24. 24
。 Time and the
divisions of time, the lunar mansions and the planets, the rivers, the oceans,
the mountains, plains, and uneven
ground.时间和各庭的时候，春节都大厦和行星，河流，海洋，高山，平原，并在不平地面。
25. 25 。 Austerity, speech, pleasure, desire,
and anger, this whole creation he likewise produced, as he desired to call these
beings into
existence.紧缩政策，言论，快乐，欲望与愤怒，这对整个创作，他同样产生了，因为他想要的，请这些人存在。
26. 26
。 Moreover, in
order to distinguish actions, he separated merit from demerit, and he caused the
creatures to be affected by the pairs (of opposites), such as pain and
pleasure.此外，为了区分行动，他失散的优点，从记过处分，而他所造成的生物都会受到影响对子（对立统一） ，如疼痛和快乐。
27. 27
。 But with the
minute perishable particles of the five (elements) which have been mentioned,
this whole (world) is framed in due order但随着分钟易腐粒子的5个（片）
，其中已提过，这个整体（世界）的框架，在适当的秩序
28. 28 。 But to whatever course of action the
Lord at first appointed each (kind of beings), that alone it has spontaneously
adopted in each succeeding creation.但什么行动过程，上帝在首次获委任为每一个（种人）
，仅仅这一点，它已经自发地通过在每一个成功的创造。
29. 29 。 Whatever he assigned to each at the
(first) creation, noxiousness or harmlessness, gentleness or ferocity, virtue or
sin, truth or falsehood, that clung (afterwards) spontaneously to
it.无论他分配给每个在（第一）创作， noxiousness或无害化，温柔或凶猛，或凭借单，真理或谬误，即醉心（事后）自发地给它。
30. 30
。 As at the change
of the seasons each season of its own accord assumes its distinctive marks, even
so corporeal beings (resume in new births) their (appointed) course of
action.截至去改变的季节，每个季节的，它自己承担，其鲜明的标志，但即使如此体为本（恢复，在新产） ，他们（委任）的行动方针。
31. 31
。 But for the sake
of the prosperity of the worlds he caused the Brahmana, the Kshatriya, the
Vaisya, and the Sudra to proceed from his mouth, his arms, his thighs, and his
feet.但为了繁荣的世界中，他造成brahmana ，刹帝利，
vaisya和sudra着手，从他的口中，他的手臂，他的大腿，他的双脚。
32. 32 。 Dividing his own body, the Lord became
half male and half female; with that (female) he produced
Virag.除以他自己的身体，主成了雌雄各半;与（女） ，他制作了virag 。
33. 33 。 But know me, O most holy among the
twice born, to be the creator of this whole (world), whom that male, Virag,
himself produced, having performed
austerities.但熟悉我的，噢，最神圣其中两次诞生的时候，要创造这整（世界） ，其中男， virag
，自己制作的，执行过austerities 。
34. 34 。 Then I, desiring to produce created
beings, performed very difficult austerities, and (thereby) called into
existence ten great sages, lords of created
beings,那么，我盼望与生产创造了人，演出非常困难austerities ， （从而）所谓存在十大伟大先哲，上议院的创造人，
35. 35
。 Mariki, Atri,
Angiras, Pulastya, Pulaha, Kratu, Praketas, Vasishtha, Bhrigu, and
Narada. mariki ， atri ， angiras ， pulastya ， pulaha ， kratu ， praketas ，
vasishtha ，布里古， narada 。
36. 36
。 They created
seven other Manus possessing great brilliancy, gods and classes of gods and
great sages of measureless
power,他们创造了其他7马努斯具有伟大的光辉，神和班级的神和伟大先哲的measureless电力，
37. 37 。 Yakshas (the servants of Kubera, the
demons called) Rakshasas and Pisakas, Gandharvas (or musicians of the gods),
Apsarases (the dancers of the gods), Asuras, (the snake deities called) Nagas
and Sarpas, (the bird deities called) Suparnas and the several classes of the
manes, yakshas （公仆和勤务员， kubera ，魔所谓） rakshasas和pisakas ，甘达尔瓦（或音乐家神） ，
apsarases （舞者的神灵） ， asuras ， （蛇神的称呼） nagas和sarpas ， （鸟神称为）
suparnas和几个班级的毛，
38. 38 。 Lightnings, thunderbolts and clouds,
imperfect (rohita) and perfect rainbows, falling meteors, supernatural noises,
comets, and heavenly lights of many kinds,雷电，雷电和云层，不完善（ rohita
）和完善彩虹，落入流星，超自然的噪音，彗星，天理灯，品种多，
39. 39 。 (Horse faced) Kinnaras, monkeys,
fishes, birds of many kinds, cattle, deer, men, and carnivorous beasts with two
rows of teeth, （马面对） kinnaras ，猴子，鱼，鸟等多种，牛，鹿，男人和食肉兽，两排牙齿，
40. 40
。 Small and large
worms and beetles, moths, lice, flies, bugs, all stinging and biting insects and
the several kinds of immovable
things.小型和大型蠕虫以及甲虫，蛾类，虱子，苍蝇，臭虫，一切刺痛和咬昆虫和几种不动产的东西。
41. 41
。 Thus was this
whole (creation), both the immovable and the movable, produced by those high
minded ones by means of austerities and at my command, (each being) according to
(the results of) its actions.因此，这是全体（创作）
，无论是不动产和动产，所产生的那些高志同道合者的手段austerities ，并在我的指挥， （每个）根据（结果） ，它的行动。
42. 42
。 But whatever act
is stated (to belong) to (each of) those creatures here below, that I will truly
declare to you, as well as their order in respect to
birth.但是，无论用什么法，是说明（属于） （每一个） ，这些动物在这里下面，我将真正宣布向你，以及他们对秩序尊重的诞生。
43. 43
。 Cattle, deer,
carnivorous beasts with two rows of teeth, Rakshasas, Pisakas, and men are born
from the womb.牛，鹿，肉食兽，两排牙齿， rakshasas ， pisakas ，人人生而从子宫里。
44. 44
。 From eggs are
born birds, snakes, crocodiles, fishes, tortoises, as well as similar
terrestrial and aquatic (animals).从卵出生的鸟，蛇，鳄鱼，鱼，龟，以及类似的陆地和水生（动物） 。
45. 45
。 From hot moisture
spring stinging and biting insects, lice, flies, bugs, and all other (creatures)
of that kind which are produced by
heat.从热点水分春季刺痛和咬虫，虱子，苍蝇，臭虫，和所有其他（动物）的那种，这是产生热量。
46. 46
。 All plants,
propagated by seed or by slips, grow from shoots; annual plants (are those)
which, bearing many flowers and fruits, perish after the ripening of their
fruit;所有植物，繁殖，由种子或由单，成长，从芽;一年生植物（那些） ，其中轴承很多鲜花和水果，亡后，催熟的果子;
47. 47
。 (Those trees)
which bear fruit without flowers are called vanaspati (lords of the forest); but
those which bear both flowers and fruit are called vriksha. （那些树木）
，其中开花结果，没有花是所谓vanaspati （上议院的森林） ，但那些都承受鲜花和水果都是所谓vriksha 。
48. 48 。 But the various plants with many
stalks, growing from one or several roots, the different kinds of grasses, the
climbing plants and the creepers spring all from seed or from
slips.但各种植物与许多秸秆，由一个或几个根，不同种类的草类，攀援植物和creepers春都从种子或从缆。
49. 49 。 These (plants) which are surrounded by
multiform Darkness, the result of their acts (in former existences), possess
internal consciousness and experience pleasure and pain.这些（厂）
，而四周都是多种形式的黑暗，结果他们的行为（前者存在） ，具有内在的自觉和经验的快乐与痛苦。
50. 50 。 The (various) conditions in this always
terrible and constantly changing circle of births and deaths to which created
beings are subject, are stated to begin with (that of) Brahman, and to end with
(that of) these (just mentioned immovable creatures).
（各种）条件，在这方面总是可怕的，不断变化的循环，出生和死亡而造成的正主题，是向开始（即）婆罗门，并结束与（即）这些（刚才提到的不动产，生物） 。
51. 51
。 When he whose
power is incomprehensible, had thus produced the universe and men, he
disappeared in himself, repeatedly suppressing one period by means of the
other.当他的权力是难以理解的，因而产生了宇宙和男人，他消失在自己，一再打压一期的方式为另一方。
52. 52 。 When that divine one wakes, then this
world stirs; when he slumbers tranquilly, then the universe sinks to
sleep.当神一醒来，那么这个世界挑拨;当他slumbers tranquilly ，那么宇宙汇睡觉。
53. 53 。 But when he reposes in calm sleep, the
corporeal beings whose nature is action, desist from their actions and mind
becomes inert.但是当他reposes在平静的睡眠，有体为本，其本质就是行动，停止他们的行动和头脑变得惰性。
54. 54
。 When they are
absorbed all at once in that great soul, then he who is the soul of all beings
sweetly slumbers, free from all care and
occupation.当他们被吸收的全部售磬，在这个伟大的灵魂，那么，他是谁的灵魂，所有的人惬意地自吟slumbers
，不受所有关心和占领。
55. 55
。 When this (soul)
has entered darkness, it remains for a long time united with the organs (of
sensation), but performs not its functions; it then leaves the corporeal
frame.当这个（灵魂）进入了黑暗的，它仍然是在相当长的时间，美国与机关（感觉） ，但并没有履行其职能;便离开体骨架。
56. 56
。 When, being
clothed with minute particles (only), it enters into vegetable or animal seed,
it then assumes, united (with the fine body), a (new) corporeal
frame.时，正与衣食分钟粒子（只） ，它进入植物或动物种子，然后是假设，美国（与罚款体） ， （新）有体骨架。
57. 57
。 Thus he, the
imperishable one, by (alternately) waking and slumbering, incessantly revivifies
and destroys this whole movable and immovable (creation).就这样，他，
imperishable之一，由（轮流）觉醒和步履艰难，并不断revivifies ，并摧毁了这个整体的动产和不动产（创作） 。
58. 58
。 But he having
composed these Institutes (of the sacred law), himself taught them, according to
the rule, to me alone in the beginning; next I (taught them) to Mariki and the
other sages.但他组成后，这些研究所（神圣法） ，亲自教他们，根据这项规则，我只在开始;接下来，我（给他们）
mariki和其他先哲。
59. 59 。 Bhrigu, here, will fully recite to you
these Institutes; for that sage learned the whole in its entirety from
me.布里古，在这里，将充分朗诵给你的这些学院;为贤者据悉，整个其全部由我。
60. 60 。 Then that great sage Bhrigu, being thus
addressed by Manu, spoke, pleased in his heart, to all the sages,
'Listen!'那么这个伟大贤者布里古，因此，处理的马努，发言过程中，很高兴在他的心，一切圣贤， '听听！
61. 61
。 Six other high
minded, very powerful Manus, who belong to the race of this Manu, the descendant
of the Self existent (Svayambhu), and who have severally produced created
beings,其他六个高，气魄非常强大马努斯，他们只属于该种族的，这马努，子孙的自我存在（ svayambhu ）
，并有各别生产创造了人，
62. 62 。 (Are) Svarokisha, Auttami, Tamasa,
Raivata, Kakshusha, possessing great lustre, and the son of Vivasvat. （正）
svarokisha ， auttami ， tamasa ， raivata ， kakshusha ，拥有伟大的光泽，而儿子的vivasvat
。
63. 63
。 These seven very
glorious Manus, the first among whom is Svayambhuva, produced and protected this
whole movable and immovable (creation), each during the period (allotted to
him).这7个非常光荣马努斯，第一，其中，是svayambhuva ，制作和保护，这对整个动产和不动产（创作） ，每个期间（分配给他）
。
64. 64
。 Eighteen nimeshas
(twinklings of the eye, are one kashtha), thirty kashthas one kala, thirty kalas
one muhurta, and as many (muhurtas) one day and night. 18 nimeshas （
twinklings的眼睛，是一个kashtha ） ， 30 kashthas一克拉，第三十二kalas一muhurta ，以及多达（ muhurtas
）一个白天和黑夜。
65. 65
。 The sun divides
days and nights, both human and divine, the night (being intended) for the
repose of created beings and the day for
exertion.太阳鸿沟日日夜夜，无论是人类与神灵，夜间（正打算）为repose的创造与白天为消耗。
66. 66
。 A month is a day
and a night of the manes, but the division is according to
fortnights.一个月就是一天一夜的毛，但这种分化据fortnights 。 The dark (fortnight) is their day for
active exertion, the bright (fortnight) their night for sleep.黑暗（双周）
，是他们每天活跃的消耗，鲜艳（双周） ，其夜间睡眠。
67. 67 。 A year is a day and a night of the
gods; their division is (as follows): the half year during which the sun
progresses to the north will be the day, that during which it goes southwards
night.一年就是一天一夜神，他们的分工是（如下） ：一年半期间，太阳进展到北将成为一天，即此期间，它有云向南夜晚。
68. 68
。 But hear now the
brief (description of) the duration of a night and a day of Brahman and of the
several ages (of the world, yuga) according to their
order.但现在要听取有关简报（说明）的时间一晚和日间的婆罗门和几个年龄（的世界，瑜珈）根据自己的秩序。
69. 69 。 They declare that the Krita age
(consists of) four thousand years (of the gods); the twilight preceding it
consists of as many hundreds, and the twilight following it of the same
number.他们宣布这克里达纪年龄（选区）四千年（神） ;黄昏前，它的许多数百人，以及晚年后，它的数目相同。
70. 70 。 In the other three ages with their
twilights preceding and following, the thousands and hundreds are diminished by
one.在其他三个年龄与他们twilights之前和之后，数千，数百人正在被削弱。
71. 71
。 These twelve
thousand (years) which thus have been just mentioned as the total of four
(human) ages, are called one age of the gods.这些12000 （年）
，因而被刚才提到的，因为共有4个（人）的年龄，正所谓一个时代的神灵。
72. 72 。 But know that the sum of one thousand
ages of the gods (makes) one day of Brahman, and that his night has the same
length.但知道的总和， 1000年龄的神（使）一天的婆罗门，并认为他晚上也有同样的长度。
73. 73 。 Those (only, who) know that the holy
day of Brahman, indeed, ends after (the completion of) one thousand ages (of the
gods) and that his night lasts as long, (are really) men acquainted with (the
length of) days and nights.那些（只，卫生组织）知道，这神圣的日子的婆罗门，而事实上，结束后（已完成） ，
1000年龄（神） ，并认为他昨晚为止，只要， （是真的）男子结识（长度）几天几夜。
74. 74 。 At the end of that day and night he who
was asleep, awakes and, after awaking, creates mind, which is both real and
unreal.在去年底的那一天晚上和他的人是睡了， awakes ，后苏醒，造成心，这既是现实和虚幻。
75. 75 。 Mind, impelled by (Brahman's) desire to
create, performs the work of creation by modifying itself, thence ether is
produced; they declare that sound is the quality of the
latter.有鉴于此，迫于（婆罗门）的愿望，以创建，执行工作，创作，修改了自己，进而甲醚生产，他们宣布这是健全的质量后者。
76. 76
。 But from ether,
modifying itself, springs the pure, powerful wind, the vehicle of all perfumes;
that is held to possess the quality of
touch.但是，从乙醚，修改本身，泉水纯净，强大的风力，车辆的所有香水，那就是举行具备的素质触摸。
77. 77 。 Next from wind modifying itself,
proceeds the brilliant light, which illuminates and dispels darkness; that is
declared to possess the quality of
colour;从明年风力修改本身，收益灿烂轻，照亮和驱除了黑暗，那就是宣布以具备优质的肤色;
78. 78 。 And from light, modifying itself, (is
produced) water, possessing the quality of taste, from water earth which has the
quality of smell; such is the creation in the beginning.并从轻型，修改本身，
（生产）水，就必须具备的素质品味，从水地球，它有优质的气味，这种是建立在最初阶段。
79. 79 。 The before mentioned age of the gods,
(or) twelve thousand (of their years), being multiplied by seventy one,
(constitutes what) is here named the period of a Manu
(Manvantara).在之前提到年龄的神（或） 12000 （其年） ，乘以71 ， （构成什么） ，是这里命名为期一马努（曼梵达拉期）
。
80. 80
。 The Manvantaras,
the creations and destructions (of the world, are) numberless; sporting, as it
were, Brahman repeats this again and again.该manvantaras
，创造与破坏（世界各地，他们）无数;体育活动，因为它被婆罗门不断重复这一重提。
81. 81
。 In the Krita age
Dharma is four footed and entire, and (so is) Truth; nor does any gain accrue to
men by unrighteousness.在克里达纪年龄大法是四足类和整， （是）事实，也没有任何增益泽男性不正的。
82. 82
。 In the other
(three ages), by reason of (unjust) gains (agama), Dharma is deprived
successively of one foot, and through (the prevalence of) theft, falsehood, and
fraud the merit (gained by men) is diminished by one fourth (in
each).在其他（ 3岁） ，因她（不公正）的收益（ agama ）
，大法是剥夺先后的一只脚，并通过（盛行率）盗窃，虚假，欺诈和优点（获得男子） ，是被削弱四分之一（每架） 。
83. 83 。 (Men are) free from disease, accomplish
all their aims, and live four hundred years in the Krita age, but in the Treta
and (in each of) the succeeding (ages) their life is lessened by one
quarter （男性）免于疾病，完成其所有目标，并活四百年在克里达纪年龄，但在特雷塔（每年）接替（年龄） ，他们的生活少受四分之一
84. 84
。 The life of
mortals, mentioned in the Veda, the desired results of sacrificial rites and the
(supernatural) power of embodied (spirits) are fruits proportioned among men
according to (the character of) the
age.生命的凡人，在吠陀，达到预期的效果的祭祀和（超自然）的权力，体现了（烈酒） ，是水果比例在男性根据（性格）的年龄。
85. 85
。 One set of duties
(is prescribed) for men in the Krita age, different ones in the Treta and in the
Dvapara, and (again) another (set) in the Kali, in a proportion as those ages
decrease in length.一组代表职务的办法（是明）男子在克里达纪的年龄，不同的，在特雷塔，并在dvapara ，
（再次）另一种（套） ，在作者Kali ，在一个比例，因为这些年龄下降的长度。
86. 86
。 In the Krita age
the chief (virtue) is declared to be (the performance of) austerities, in the
Treta (divine) knowledge, in the Dvapara (performance of) sacrifices, in the
Kali liberality alone.在克里达纪年龄科长（美德） ，是被宣布为（绩效） austerities
，在特雷塔（神）的知识，以便在dvapara （业绩的）牺牲，在作者Kali和自由精神。
87. 87 。 But in order to protect this universe
He, the most resplendent one, assigned separate (duties and) occupations to
those who sprang from his mouth, arms, thighs, and
feet.但为了保护这个宇宙中，他最灿烂的一个，另指派（职务和）职业者兴起，从他的嘴，手臂，大腿，和脚。
88. 88 。 To Brahmanas he assigned teaching and
studying (the Veda), sacrificing for their own benefit and for others, giving
and accepting (of alms).以brahmanas他指派的教学与研究（吠陀） ，为牺牲自己的利益和他人的，给予和收受（施舍）
。
89. 89
。 The Kshatriya he
commanded to protect the people, to bestow gifts, to offer sacrifices, to study
(the Veda), and to abstain from attaching himself to sensual
pleasures;该刹帝利他指挥，以保护人民，为赐给的礼物，是为了祭祀，以研究（吠陀） ，并投弃权附上自己的感官享乐;
90. 90
。 The Vaisya to
tend cattle, to bestow gifts, to offer sacrifices, to study (the Veda), to
trade, to lend money, and to cultivate
land.该vaisya趋向牛，赐给的礼物，是为了祭祀，以研究（吠陀） ，以贸易中，为了借钱，并以种地。
91. 91
。 One occupation
only the lord prescribed to the Sudra, to serve meekly even these (other) three
castes.一个职业只有主明向sudra ，服务meekly即使这些（其他）的三个种姓。
92. 92 。 Man is stated to be purer above the
navel (than below); hence the Self existent (Svayambhu) has declared the purest
(part) of him (to be) his mouth.男子向被纯洁以上肚脐（比下文） ，因此，自我存在（ svayambhu
）已宣布精纯（部分）的他（待）表示，他的嘴中。
93. 93 。 As the Brahmana sprang from (Brahman's)
mouth, as he was the first born, and as he possesses the Veda, he is by right
the lord of this whole
creation.作为brahmana源于（婆罗门）的嘴，因为他是第一个诞生了，因为他拥有吠陀，他是由右主的，这对整个创作风格。
94. 94
。 For the Self
existent (Svayambhu), having performed austerities, produced him first from his
own mouth, in order that the offerings might be conveyed to the gods and manes
and that this universe might be preserved.为自我存在（ svayambhu ）
，具有履行austerities ，制作他的第一，从他自己的嘴巴，以使该产品可能会转达给神，毛和说，这个宇宙中可能被保存下来。
95. 95 。 What created being can surpass him,
through whose mouth the是什么创造了正能够超越他，通过其唱
(contimues . . . ) （ contimues … … 。 ）
All mounted on
their shining chariots!全部装在他们的光辉战车！
On our side, too, - thou best of
Brahmans!就我方而言，也-你最好的b rahmans！ see见
Excellent chiefs, commanders of my
line,优秀的酋长，指挥员，我的路线，
Whose names I joy to count: thyself the
first,其名字i欢乐计数：用你自己的第一次，
Then Bhishma, Karna, Kripa fierce in
fight,然后bhishma ， karna ， kripa激烈战斗，
Vikarna, Aswatthaman; next to
these vikarna ， aswatthaman ;明年这些
Strong Saumadatti, with full many
more强烈saumadatti ，充分多
Valiant and tried, ready this day to
die英勇的尝试，准备在这一天死
For me their king, each with his weapon
grasped,我自己的国王，每一个与他的武器，就抓住了，
Each skilful in the
field.每个娴熟在外地。 Weakest - meseems -最弱-m
eseems-
Our battle shows
where Bhishma holds command,我们的战斗表明，那里bhishma持有指挥，
And Bhima, fronting him, something too
strong!和bhima ，面向他，都过于坚强！
Have care our captains nigh to
Bhishma's ranks有照顾我们的舰长要来临，以bhishma的队伍
Prepare what help they
may!准备什么帮助，他们可能！ Now, blow my shell!"现在，打击我的壳"
！
Then, at the
signal of the aged king,然后，在这些信号的老人国王
With blare to wake the blood, rolling
around与blare梦醒血，滚动靠近
Like to a lion's roar, the
trumpeter喜欢狮子的轰鸣声，吹鼓手
Blew the great Conch; and, at the noise
of it,引爆大海螺，以及在噪声，
Trumpets and drums, cymbals and gongs
and horns小号和鼓，钹和锣和牛角
Burst into sudden clamour; as the
blasts顿时，突然叫嚣;爆炸
Of loosened tempest, such the tumult
seemed!对有禁不止，暴风雨，如该风暴似乎！
Then might be seen, upon their car of
gold然后可能会看到，当他们的汽车黄金
Yoked with white steeds, blowing their
battle shells, yoked白色骏，吹自己的战斗弹，
Krishna the God, Arjuna at his
side:克利须那神，阿周在他的身边：
Krishna, with knotted locks, blew his
great conch克里希纳，扭结锁，不打大海螺
Carved of the "Giant's bone;" Arjuna
blew刻的"巨人的骨; "阿周引爆
Indra's loud gift; Bhima the terrible
-因陀罗的响亮礼品; bhima可怕-
Wolf - bellied Bhima - blew a long reed
- conch;狼来了-腹b hima-引爆一个长期芦苇-海螺;
And Yudhisthira, Kunti's blameless
son,并育滴提拉， kunti的清白儿子
Winded a mighty shell, "Victory's
Voice;"气浩浩荡荡的弹壳， "胜利之声" ;
And Nakula blew shrill upon his
conch和nakula引爆尖叫后，他的海螺
Named the "Sweet
sounding," Sahadev on his命名为"甜冠冕堂皇， " sahadev对他的
Called "Gem bedecked," and Kasi's
Prince on his.所谓的"创业板车身饰" ，卡西的王子，对他的。
Sikhandi on his car,
Dhrishtadyumn,刊迪对他的车， dhrishtadyumn ，
Virata, Satyaki the Unsubdued,
virata ，提亚奎该unsubdued ，
Drupada, with his sons, (O Lord of
Earth!) drupada ，与他的儿子， （噢，上帝的地球！ ）
Long armed Subhadra's children, all
blew loud,长期武装subhadra的儿童，全部炸毁响亮，
So that the clangour shook their
foemen's hearts,所以说， clangour摇头foemen的心，
With quaking earth and thundering
heav'n.与震动地球与如雷heav'n 。
Then 'twas -那么'第三世界科学院-
Beholding
Dhritirashtra's battle set,看见了dhritirashtra的战役设定，
Weapons unsheathing, bows drawn forth,
the war武器unsheathing ，鞠躬制定出来，战争
Instant to break - Arjun, whose ensign
badge瞬间打破-三轮，其旗徽章
Was Hanuman the monkey, spake this
thing被hanuman猴， spake这件事
To Krishna the Divine, his
charioteer:以克利须那神的，