Religious Confession宗教自白

Confession is the popular name for the Christian Sacrament of Penance or Reconciliation recognized by the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches. The rite consists in the acknowledgment of sins to a priest, who grants absolution in the name of God. 自白是常用的名字基督教圣餐的忏悔或和解承认罗马天主教会与东正教会。成年礼的组成，在承认罪过，以一名神父，他们赠款赦免，在上帝的名义。 Its biblical basis is found in the action of Jesus forgiving sins (Mark 2) and his commissioning of the Apostles to forgive sins (John 20:22-23).其圣经基础上被发现在该行动的耶稣宽恕罪孽（注2 ） ，并委托他的门徒宽恕罪孽（约翰20:22-23 ） 。

Essential to every confession is an inner conversion of the heart, with sorrow for sin and intent to lead a new life. In the Orthodox Church, confession is usually required before the reception of Communion. Since 1215, Roman Catholics have been required to confess their sins annually if they are in serious sin.对于每一位供认是内线转换的核心，与悲哀单和意图，领导一个新的生命， 在东正教教堂，供认是通常需要之前接收共融自1215天主教徒被要求交代自己捷联惯导系统，每年如果他们是在严重的罪过。 A new Roman Catholic rite was introduced in 1973, which places greater emphasis on the community and its place in reconciliation.一个新的罗马天主教的仪式是在1973年，其中更加重视对社会的，以及它在和解。

Some other Christian churches, such as the Lutheran and the Anglican, provide for individual confession on request, but general confession during public worship, and individual confession directly to God in private, is more characteristic of Protestantism.其他一些基督教教会，如路德和英国国教，提供个别招供就要求，但一般供认，在公众崇拜，并供认个人直接向上帝私下更特征的新教。

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Bibliography 参考书目
Favazza, Joseph, The Order of Penitents (1988); Martos, Joseph, Doors to the Sacred (1982).法瓦扎，约瑟夫，秩序penitents （ 1988年） ; martos ，约瑟夫，门神圣（ 1982 ） 。

Religious Confession宗教自白

The Hebrew yada and Greek homologeo (plus derivatives and related concepts) convey the idea of confession, acknowledgement, and praise of God's character and glorious works, often with expression of man's confession of faith in God and in his Son, Jesus Christ; also man's confession to God of his sins and wicked works.希伯来亚达和希腊语homologeo （另加衍生物和相关概念） ，传达理念的供述，确认，并赞美上帝的性质和光荣工程，而且往往表达的人的自白的对上帝的信仰和他的儿子，耶稣基督;也是人的不打自招上帝他的罪孽和邪恶的工程。

In the OT one acknowledges and praises God's name: "We give you thanks and praise your glorious name" (I Chr. 29:13; cf. Ps. 145:1).在酒店一个承认并赞美上帝的名字： "我们给你的感谢和赞美，你的光辉名字" （我人权委员会。你只要...噢！ ;比照聚苯乙烯。 145:1 ） 。 Also the very person of God is praised: thanks is given to God who is good (Ps. 106:1), whose name (and therefore person) is holy (Pss. 97:12; 99:3), great, and awesome (Ps. 99:3).也是非常人的神是称赞：感谢的是给神的人是好的（诗篇106:1 ） ，他的名字（因此人） ，是圣（ pss. 97:12 ; 99:3 ） ，大，令人敬畏（诗篇99:3 ） 。 Exalted above all, God is praised as God of gods and Lord of lords (Ps. 136:2-3) and the God of heaven (Ps. 136:26).开天辟地的最重要的是，神誉为是上帝的神和上帝的上议院（诗篇136:2-3 ）和上帝的天堂（诗篇136:26 ） 。 He is praised for his works of creation (Pss. 89:5; 136:4-9) and providential acts to his people (Ps. 136:10-24) and creatures (Ps. 136:25).他称赞他的作品的创作（ pss. 89:5 ; 136:4-9 ）和天赐行为，以他的人（诗篇136:10-24 ）和动物（诗篇136:25 ） 。 A believer's true commitment to God is implied in such praise.信奉的真正致力于上帝是隐含在这样的赞誉。

In the NT emphasis is placed on the personal acknowledgment of Christ: "Whoever acknowledges me before men" (Matt. 10:32) and particular acknowledgment of him as Savior and Lord (Rom. 10:9; cf. Phil. 2:11).在新台币重点放在个人承认基督说： "无论谁承认我之前男人" 。 （ 10:32 ） ，尤其是承认他为救世主，主（罗马书10时09分;比照菲尔。 2时11分） 。 This confession of Christ includes acknowledging him in his deity as the Son of God (Matt. 16:16; I John 4:15) and in his humanity as incarnate in the flesh (I John 4:2; II John 7).此供述的基督包括承认他在他的神，因为神的儿子。 （ 16:16 ;约翰4:15 ） ，并在他的人性作为肉身的，在肉体（约翰4时02分;第二约翰7 ） 。

The Bible also teaches that one is to confess his sins to this sovereign God.圣经也教导我们，一个是交代自己的罪孽，以这一主权上帝。 In the OT levitical sacrifices this is portrayed when the worshiper confesses his sins over the head of the sacrificial animal (cf. Lev. 1:4; 16:21), a picture or type of Christ, the Lamb of God (John 1:29), bearing the sins of his people (Isa. 53:6; I Cor. 5:7).在城市旅游局levitical牺牲，这是描绘时worshiper confesses他的罪孽超过头部的殉葬动物（参见列弗。 1:4 ; 16时21分） ，图片或某一类型的基督，是上帝的羔羊（约翰福音1 ： 29 ） ，轴承的罪孽，他的人（以赛亚53:6 ，我肺心病。 5:7 ） 。 The OT also emphasizes the great confessions of Israel's sins (Ezra 10:1; Neh. 1:6; 9:2-3; Dan. 9:4, 20).该城市旅游局也强调，伟大的供词以色列的罪孽（以斯拉10:1 ; neh 。 1时06分; 9:2-3 ;丹。 9点04 ， 20 ） 。 Personal confession is seen in David's acknowledgment (Ps. 32:5).个人供认是从大卫的承认（诗篇32:5 ） 。

Confession of sin is also emphasized in the NT (Matt. 3:6; Mark 1:5), and with it is connected the promise of forgiveness of sins (I John 1:9; cf. Matt. 6:12), a forgiveness which is based solely on the death of Christ (Eph. 1:7).供认不义必也强调，在新台币。 （ 3时06分;马克1:5 ） ，并与它相连的承诺罪的赦免（约翰1时09分;比照马特。 6:12 ） ，宽恕这是完全基于对死亡的基督（以弗所书1时07分） 。 That confession of sin, an acknowledgment that forgiveness is possible only through Christ the risen Lord, God uses as an instrument in bringing the sinner to salvation (Rom. 10:9-10).这自白罪，不承认宽恕是有可能的，只有通过基督复活的主，上帝利用作为一种工具，使罪人得救（罗马书10:9-10 ） 。 This is to be a sacrifice of praise to God (Heb. 13:15).这是一个牺牲的赞美神（希伯来书13:15 ） 。 Although confession of sin is to be made to God alone (Luke 18:13), on occasion believers are encouraged to share their confession with one another (James 5:16).虽然供认不义必须分别向上帝（路加福音18:12 ） ，有时信徒们感到鼓舞，分享他们供认与另一之一（詹姆斯5:16 ） 。

WH Mare马起
(Elwell Evangelical Dictionary) （ Elwell宣布了福音字典）

Bibliography 参考书目
WA Quanbeck, IDB,I,667-68; RH Alexander, TWOT,I, 364-66; O. Michel, TDNT,V, 199-219; VC Grounds, ZPEB,I, 937-39.佤族quanbeck ，美洲开发银行，我,667 - 68 ;铑亚历山大， 2吨，我， 364-66 ;澳米歇尔tdnt ，五， 199-219 ; VC的理由， zpeb ，我， 937-39 。

Confessions of Faith招供的信仰

The official Protestant statements of belief issued as standards of doctrine during the 16th and 17th centuries are called confessions of faith. The result of dogmatic controversy, they are generally polemical and reflect the historical situations from which they arose. 官方新教报表的信仰作为标准的学说，在16和17世纪是所谓的自白的信念。结果的教条式的争议，但他们一般都论辩和反映历史的情况，从他们出来了。 A list of the major confessions of faith issued by the Lutheran, Calvinist, or Reformed churches includes the Augsburg Confession (1530), Helvetic Confessions (1536 and 1566), Gallican Confession (1559), Belgic Confession (1561), Scottish Confessions (1560 and 1581), Heidelberg Catechism (1562), and Westminster Confession (1647).名单主要招供的信仰所发出路德教， calvinist ，或改革的教会包括奥格斯堡自白 （ 1530 ） ， helvetic自白书 （ 1536和1566 ） ， gallican自白（ 1559 ） ， belgic自白 （ 1561 ） ，苏格兰的自白书（ 1560和1581 ） ， 海德堡问答 （ 1562 ） ，和西敏寺自白 （ 1647 ） 。 Since the 17th century, other confessions have been issued by the Congregationalists, Baptists, Presbyterians, and Quakers. Many Reformation statements were called Articles of Religion. 17世纪以来，其他的自白书已发出，由称为"公理派" ，浸信会， presbyterians ，公谊会， 许多改革的报表，被称为文章的宗教。 The ancient professions of faith are usually called Creeds. 古代专业的信念是通常所谓的信条。

(Editor's Note: BELIEVE contains individual web-page presentations of each of the above confessions, as well as the full text of several of them. See the links at the end of this presentation.) （编者的话：相信载有个人网页，介绍上述每个自白书，以及作为全文的几人，见链接在本月底提交） 。

Confessions of Faith招供的信仰

Variations on the term "confession" are found in the NT (eg, I Tim. 3:16; 6:13).变型而言， "自白"被发现在新界（例如，我添。 3:16 ; 6时13分） 。 In the early church the word was used to describe the testimony of martyrs as they were about to meet their deaths.在早期教会这个词是用来形容证词先烈的，因为他们被约，以满足他们的死亡。 Its most common usage, however, designates the formal statements of Christian faith written by Protestants since the earliest days of the Reformation.其最常见的用法，但是，指定的正式声明的基督教信仰写的新教徒自早期的天改造。 As such, "confessions" are closely related to several other kinds of brief, authoritative summations of belief.因此， "招供"是密切相关的其他若干种简单，有权威的求和信念。 The term "creed" most frequently refers to statements from the early church which Christians in all times and places have recognized, the Apostles' Creed, the Nicene Creed, the Definition of Chalcedon, and (less frequently) the Athanasian Creed.术语"教义"最常见的是指报表，从早期教会的基督信徒在所有时间和地点都承认，使徒们的信条，尼西亚，如何界定chalcedon ，以及（较少）阿他那修信经信条。

While Orthodox Churches hold to the authority of seven ancient ecumenical creeds, and while the Roman Catholic Church continues to use the term for later doctrinal formulations (as "the Creed of the Council of Trent," 1564), it is not uncommon to speak of just the Apostles' or just the Nicene affirmations as the creed.而东正教教堂举行向房委会辖下的七个古老的基督教教义，而在罗马天主教会继续使用该词后用理论配方（ "信条安理会的遄达" ，第1564 ） ，它并不鲜见可言只是传道者'或只是nicene誓词作为信条。 "Catechisms" are structured statements of faith written in the form of questions and answers which often fulfill the same functions as confessions. " catechisms "结构化报表的信仰写在表格的问题和答案，这往往履行相同的职能招供。 Finally, the technical term "symbol" is a general designation for any formal statement, whether creed, confession, or catechism, which sets apart the community which professes it from those who do not.最后，从专业的角度说， "符号"是一个普遍的指定任何正式声明，无论是信仰，供述，或讲授，其中规定除了社会自称从那些不。

(Elwell Evangelical Dictionary) （ Elwell宣布了福音字典）

Confessions of Faith招供的信仰

• The Augsburg Confession 该奥格斯堡自白
  Written on behalf of the Protestant territories of Northern Germany for presentation to emperor Charles V at the Diet of Augsburg. 书面代表新教领土上的德国北部，以便提交给皇帝查尔斯五世在国会的奥格斯堡。 Melanchthon's twenty one original articles were composed as a response to John Eck's attack on the Protestants as guilty of being ancient heresies. 梅兰希顿的21原文章组成，作为回应约翰eck的攻击，对新教徒作为犯被古老的异端邪说。 Thus the articles attempt to show that the Protestant faith is in line with the ancient Church. 因此，文章试图表明新教徒信念，是符合古教堂。 Many, but not all, of the articles were acceptable to Rome. 很多，但不是全部，而这些文章所接受罗马。 In 1540 Melancthon revised the confession to be acceptable to Calvin. 在1540号决议蔑兰赫东订正供认能够接受，卡尔文。 The Lutherans rejected this revision and Melancthon himself. 该lutherans拒绝了这一要求修改和蔑兰赫东本人。

• The Episcopal Confession 主教自白
  As established by the Bishops, the Clergy, and the Laity of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America, in Convention, on September 12, 1801. 由于建立了由主教，教士和俗人的新教圣公会在美利坚合众国，在公约，对1801年9月12日。

• The Second Helvetic Confession 第二helvetic自白
  Written by Heinrich Bullinger in Switzerland after surviving the Black Plague as a codicil to his will. 写海因里希布凌格在瑞士后，幸存的黑死病作为一个补充，以他的意志。 It is in response to the Anabaptists and makes an attempt to reconcile with the Lutherans. 这是为了响应anabaptists并试图调和与lutherans 。 It is influenced by Ulrich Zwingli. 它是受乌尔里希zwingli 。 Its central doctrines are those of Covenant and Baptism. 其中心教义是那些盟约和洗礼。

• The Scots Confession 苏格兰人自白
  Written by John Knox and five other "Johns" (Willock, Winram, Spottiswood, Row and Douglas), in 1560, at the conclusion of the Scottish civil war in response to medieval catholicism and at the behest of the Scottish Parliament in five days. 书面约翰诺克斯和其他5名"约翰" （ willock ， winram ，斯波蒂斯伍德，连续和Douglas ） ，在1560年，在总结该次苏格兰内战回应中世纪天主教和遗志，苏格兰议会在5天之久。 Its central doctrines are those of election and the Church. 其中心教义是那些对选举和教会。 It was approved by the Reformation Parliament and Church of Scotland, attaining full legal status with the departure of Mary, Queen of Scots in 1567. 它是通过改造议会和教会的苏格兰，实现充分的法律地位与离境的苏格兰玛丽王后在1567年。

• The Geneva Confession 日内瓦自白
  The Genevan Confession was credited to John Calvin in 1536 by Beza who said Calvin wrote it as a formula of Christian doctrine suited to the church at Geneva. 该genevan供认贷记约翰卡尔文1536年由beza人士表示，卡尔文写的，作为一个公式的基督教教义适合教会在日内瓦举行。

• The Westminster Confession 西敏寺自白
  Written by the Westminster Assembly at the call of Parliament together with the following two catechisms and heavily influenced by Reynolds. 写西敏寺大会上的号召，国会连同下列两个catechisms ，并在很大程度上受雷诺兹。 It is written in the context of the English Civil War and as a response to high church Anglicanism. 这是写在本英语内战，并作为回应高教会anglicanism 。 The central doctrines of this and the two catechisms are the sovereignty of God and the authority and proper interpretation of Scripture. 中央教条的，这与两个catechisms是主权的神性和权威性，并适当解释经文。

• A Puritan Confession 清教徒自白
  The A Puritan Confession , along with the A Puritan Catechism were both compiled and published around 1855 by Charles Spurgeon. 该清教徒供述 ，随清教徒讲授均汇编出版， 1855年左右，由查尔斯司布真。

• The London Baptist Confession 伦敦浸信自白
  The London Baptist Confession of Faith, with scripture proofs, was adopted by the Ministers and Messengers of the General Assembly which met in 1689. 伦敦浸信会招供的信念，与经文的证据时，当时通过的部长们和送信的大会举行的1689 。

Articles of Religion文章宗教

Short theological statements, articles of religion were official Protestant declarations of doctrine issued during the 16th and 17th centuries. The best known are the Thirty-Nine Articles of the Church of England (1563), revised by the US Episcopal Church in 1801. 短期神学声明，文章对宗教的官方声明新教教义的期间发行第16和17世纪最出名的是39条的英国教会（ 1563 ） ，修订后，由美国圣公会在1801年。 Other Reformation articles include the Schwabach Articles (1529), Ten Articles (1536), Schmalkaldic Articles (1537), Six Articles (1539), Forty-two Articles (1553), Lambeth Articles (1595), and Irish Articles (1615).其他改革的文章，包括schwabach文章（ 1529 ） ， 10条（ 1536 ） ， schmalkaldic文章（ 1537 ） ， 6篇文章（ 1539 ） ， 42条（ 1553 ） ，琳宝的文章（ 1595 ） ，和爱尔兰的文章（ 1615 ） 。 Many Reformation statements were called Confessions of Faith.许多改革的报表，被称为自白信念。

Bibliography 参考书目
George, Timothy, Theology of the Reformers (1988); Leith, John H., ed., Creeds of the Churches (1982).乔治，提摩太，神学的改革者（ 1988年） ; leith ，约翰H ，版，教义的教会（ 1982年） 。

Confession自白

(Latin confessio). （拉丁语confessio ） 。

Originally used to designate the burial-place of a confessor or martyr (known also as a memoria or martyrion), this term gradually came to have a variety of applications: the altar erected over the grave; the underground cubiculum which contained the tomb; the high altar of the basilica erected over the confession; later on in the Middle Ages the basilica itself (Joan. Bar., De invent. s. Sabini); and finally the new resting-place to which the remains of a martyr had been transferred (Ruinart, II, 35).原本用来指定安葬地点间一个忏悔或烈士（称为还作为备忘录或martyrion ） ，这个名词逐渐地，有各种各样的应用：走下神坛竖立在严重;地下cubiculum其中载有墓;高坛的Basilica竖立在供述;后来在中世纪大教堂本身（ joan.酒吧，德发明。第sabini ） ;终于在新的休息位，这仍然是一个烈士已被转移（ ruinart ，二， 35 ） 。 In case of translation the relics of a martyr were deposited in a crypt below the high altar, or in a hollow space beneath the altar, behind a transenna or pierced marble screen such as were used in the catacombs.在案件翻译的遗物烈士分别存放在一个地窖下面高的祭坛，或在一个中空的空间下方的祭坛上，后面transenna或戳破大理石屏，如用在地窟。 Thus the tomb was left accessible to the faithful who wished to touch the shrine with cloths brandea) to be venerated in their turn as "relics".因此，李郑屋汉墓已离开容易向忠于谁愿意去碰神社抹布brandea ）被崇敬，在轮到自己为"文物" 。 In the Roman church of St. Clemente the urn containing the remains of St. Clement and St. Ignatius of Antioch is visible behind such a transenna.在罗马教会的圣克莱门特的骨灰盒载有遗体的圣克莱门特和圣伊格安提是有形的背后这样一个transenna 。 Later still the term confession was adopted for the hollow reliquary in an altar (Ordo Rom. de dedic. altaris).后来还是任期供认是采用空心reliquary在祭坛（类光盘。德dedic 。 altaris ） 。 The oil from the numerous lamps kept lighted in a confession was considered as a relic.石油从众多灯一直亮在招供被视为舍利子。 Among the most famous subterranean confessions of Rome are those in the churches of S. Martino al Monti; S. Lorenzo fuori le Mure, containing the bodies of St. Laurence and St. Stephen; S. Prassede containing the bodies of the two sisters Sts.其中最有名的地下供述中的罗马，是那些在教会的第马蒂诺基地蒙蒂;第洛伦索fuori乐mure ，载尸体的圣劳伦斯及圣士提反;第普拉塞德载尸体两姐妹的STS 。 Praxedes and Pudentiana.普拉克塞德斯和pudentiana 。 The most celebrated confession is that of St. Peter.最有名的自白，是圣彼得。 Over the tomb of the Apostle Pope St. Anacletus built a memoria, which Constantine when building his basilica replaced with the Confession of St. Peter.在墓室的使徒保罗教宗圣anacletus建起了备忘录，其中君士坦丁建设时，他的大教堂改为供认的圣彼得。 Behind the brass statues of Sts.背后的黄铜雕像的STS 。 Peter and Paul is the niche over the grated floor which covers the tomb.彼得和保罗是利基超过梯度楼，其中涉及陵墓。 In this niche is the gold coffer, the work of Benvenuto Cellini which contains the palliums to be sent to archbishops de corpore b.在这个利基是黄金库房，工作benvenuto切利尼其中载有palliums将被送到大主教德corpore乙 Petri according to the Constitution "Rerum ecclesiasticarum" of Benedict XIV (12 Aug., 1748).的Petri根据宪法" rerum ecclesiasticarum "的本笃十四（ 1748年8月12日） 。 All through the Middle Ages the palliums after being blessed were let down through the grating on to the tomb of the Apostle, where they remained for a whole night (Phillips, Kirchenrecht, V, 624, n. 61).所有通过中世纪的palliums后有福被辜负透过光栅到墓穴的使徒，在那里停留了整个夜晚（菲利普斯， kirchenrecht ，五， 624 ， 12月31日61 ） 。 During the restoration of the present basilica in 1594 the floor gave way, revealing the tomb of St. Peter and on it the golden cross weighing 150 pounds placed there by Constantine, and inscribed with his own and his mother's names.在恢复两岸目前的大教堂在1594份发言作了方式，揭示了墓室的圣彼得大教堂和它的黄金交叉称重150磅放在那里，由君士坦丁，并刻有他自己和他母亲的名字。

Publication information Written by FM Rudge.出版信息书面调频rudge 。 Transcribed by Donald J. Boon.转录由现任j.好事。 The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume IV.天主教百科全书，第四卷。 Published 1908. 1908年出版。 New York: Robert Appleton Company.纽约：罗伯特Appleton还公司。 Nihil Obstat. nihil obstat 。 Remy Lafort, Censor.人头马lafort ，检查员。 Imprimatur. imprimatur 。 +John M. Farley, Archbishop of New York +约翰米farley ，大主教纽约

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