The Disciples of Christ, or Christian Church, is part of the largest religious movement to have originated in the United States.门徒基督，或基督教教堂，是部分的最大的宗教运动起源在美国。 The church numbers approximately 1.1 million members in the United States and Canada, and does overseas work in many other countries.教会的人数大约有110万成员在美国和加拿大，以及是否在海外的工作在许多其他国家。 The church had its beginnings in Kentucky and western Pennsylvania in 1804 - 09.教会有其开端在肯塔基州和宾夕法尼亚州西部于1804年-0 9。
Kentucky Presbyterian minister Barton W Stone and others who shared his liberal views on pulpit freedom and on associations across denominational lines withdrew from the Presbyterians to become "Christian only."肯塔基州长老部长巴顿瓦特石和其他谁赞同他的意见，自由讲坛的自由和对协会的全国教会线退出presbyterians成为“基督教只” 。 Pennsylvanian Thomas Campbell split with the Presbyterians over his right to serve the Lord's Supper to Christians of different persuasions. pennsylvanian托马斯坎贝尔分裂与presbyterians超过他的权利，服务上帝的晚餐，以基督徒不同的人。 The two groups united in 1832 as Campbell's son Alexander Campbell became the prominent figure in the movement.两组联合国在1832年作为坎贝尔的儿子亚历山大坎贝尔成为著名人物在运动。
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Due to their origin as a protest against denominational exclusiveness, the Disciples are characterized by a commitment to interdenominational activity, autonomy in its levels of polity, and general liberality.由于他们的原产地作为抗议教派的排他性，弟子的特点是由一个致力于教派间的活动，在其自治程度的政体，和一般liberality 。 They claim to have no official doctrine; membership ordinarily requires only a confession of belief in Jesus Christ and subsequent baptism by immersion of its adult believers.他们声称没有正式学说;成员通常只需要一个认罪的信仰在耶稣基督和随后的洗礼，由沉浸其成年信徒。 The custom is to have the Lord's Supper central to every worship service and to have lay people regularly preside.自定义的是有上帝的晚餐，中央的每一个礼拜服务，并已奠定人定期主持会议。 Its General Assembly argues social, political, and moral positions with the understanding that no one can be bound by its decisions.其大会辩称，社会，政治和道德立场的理解，没有人可以约束其决定。 The church has ordained women almost since its inception.教会祝圣的妇女，几乎自其成立以来。
Robert L Friedly罗伯特升friedly
Bibliography
参考书目
Garrison, WE,
Christian Unity and the Disciples of Christ (1965).驻军，我们基督教的团结和基督的门徒（
1965年） 。
The Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) is an American Protestant denomination that emerged during frontier revivals in early 19th-century Pennsylvania and Kentucky.基督教教会（基督的门徒）是美国的新教教派出现在边境复苏，在早期十九世纪的宾夕法尼亚州和肯塔基州。 Its founders hoped to serve as a unifying force among Protestants.其创始者希望充当一个统一的力量之间的新教徒。 The Bible, particularly the New Testament, is the sole ecclesiastical authority for the Disciples of Christ.圣经，尤其是新约圣经，是唯一的教会权威，为基督的门徒。 Church polity is congregational.教会的政体是公理。
The founders of the Disciples were Thomas Campbell and his son Alexander Campbell, former Irish Presbyterian ministers.创始人门徒被托马斯坎贝尔和他的儿子亚历山大坎贝尔，前爱尔兰长老会的部长。 Their followers became known popularly as Campbellites, although they preferred to be known as Disciples of Christ.他们的追随者，成为众所周知的普选作为campbellites ，虽然他们宁愿被称为基督的门徒。 In 1809 Thomas Campbell founded the Christian Association of Washington County, Pennsylvania, which he based on a return to early Christian ideals.在1809年托马斯坎贝尔成立了基督教协会华盛顿县，宾夕法尼亚州，他的基础上，返回到早期基督教的理想。 In 1811 Alexander joined his father in forming a congregation at Brush Run, Pennsylvania, and from there the movement spread westward.亚历山大在1811年加入他的父亲在形成了聚集在刷子来说，宾夕法尼亚州，并从那里运动向西蔓延。 In 1832 the Kentucky revivalist Barton Stone and most of his followers, called Christians, united with the Campbell group.在1832年肯塔基州复兴巴顿石头和他的大部分追随者，所谓的基督教徒，美国与坎贝尔组。
Conflict arose among the Disciples during the second half of the 19th century.冲突发生之间的弟子在二19世纪下半叶。 Churches of conservative-minded Disciples withdrew in protest against the development of mission societies and the use in worship of instrumental music, which they felt to be unscriptural.教会的保守态度，弟子退席抗议，反对发展使命的社会和使用的崇拜器乐，他们认为这将unscriptural 。 By 1906 the seceding groups had formed a separate denomination known as the Churches of Christ .由1906年的分裂集团已经成立了一个单独的面额被称为教会的基督 。
The movement remained a loosely connected brotherhood until 1968.运动仍然是一个松散的连接兄弟直到1968年。 The International Convention of Christian Churches was the coordinating organization under which state conventions and independent boards and agencies operated.该国际公约的基督教是协调组织下，哪个国家公约和独立的议会和机构的运作。 In 1968, however, a restructure plan was adopted that strengthened the national framework.在1968年，但是，重组计划获得通过加强国家的框架内。 As a result, mission, education, and other agencies became coordinated through a general assembly; a biennial delegated assembly replaced the annual international convention, and an executive unit, called a general board, was established.因此，任务，教育，和其他机构，成为协调，通过大会;每两年授予大会取代一年一度的国际公约，和一个执行单位，所谓的总务委员会，成立了。 The names Christian Church and Disciples of Christ , which had been used alternatively, were combined to give the church its present name.姓名基督教教会和基督的门徒 ，已交替使用，合并给教会目前的名称。 Local congregations retained property rights, the right to call clergymen and determine worship and programs, and the liberty to determine how much they should contribute to national operations of the church.当地教友保留产权，有权要求神职人员和确定的崇拜和程序，以及自由，以确定有多少，他们应有助于国家的运作教会。 Nevertheless, 2768 congregations of the 8046 listed withdrew from the national organization.然而， 2768年毕业典礼的8046上市退出国家组织。
Disciples recognize no formal creed.弟子承认没有正式的信条。 Baptism is usually by immersion, although, in accepting members, the rite of other churches often is recognized.洗礼通常是由浸没，虽然，在接受议员，成年礼的其他教会往往是公认的。 Each congregation celebrates the Eucharist every Sunday as a memorial feast.每个聚集，庆祝圣体圣事的每星期日，作为纪念盛宴。
The Christian Church is one of the most ecumenically minded denominations.基督教教会是其中一个最ecumenically志同道合的面额。 It participates in the World Council of Churches and the National Council of Churches of Christ in the United States of America.它参与了世界基督教协进会和全国基督教协进会的基督在美利坚合众国。 Often in the forefront in social action and mission work, the Disciples have a global network of missions coordinated by the United Christian Missionary Society.往往在最前列，在社会行动和特派团的工作，弟子有一个全球网络的任务由联合国协调的基督教传教士的社会。 The church has pioneered in ecumenical theological education; in addition to its sponsorship of divinity houses at major nondenominational universities, it also maintains such institutions as Transylvania College (1780), in Lexington, Kentucky, and Bethany College (1840), in Bethany, West Virginia.教会已率先在普世神学教育;除了它的赞助神房子在主要nondenominational大学，它也保持了这类机构作为特兰西瓦尼亚学院（ 1780 ） ，在列克星敦，肯塔基州，和贝萨尼学院（ 1840 ） ，在贝萨尼，西维吉尼亚州。 One of the best-known publications of the Disciples of Christ is Christian Century (established in 1894), which has been a significant force in the American ecumenical movement.其中最有名的刊物门徒的基督是基督教世纪（成立于1894年） ，已成为重要的力量在美国的基督信仰合一运动。
A sect founded in the United States of America by Alexander Campbell.一节创立于美国，由亚历山大坎贝尔。 Although the largest portion of his life and prodigious activity was spent in the United States Alexander Campbell was born, 12 September, 1788, in the County Antrim, Ireland.虽然最大的部分，他的生活和prodigious活动是用于在美国的亚历山大坎贝尔出生， 1788年9月12日，在安特里姆郡，爱尔兰。 On his father's side he was of Scottish extraction; his mother, Jane Corneigle, was of Huguenot descent.对他父亲的一面，他是苏格兰的提取;他的母亲，简corneigle ，是胡格诺后裔。 Both parents are reported to have been persons of deep piety and high literary culture.父母双方据报已被人深的虔诚和高文学的文化。 His father, after serving as minister to the Anti-Burgher Church in Ahorey and director of a prosperous academy at Richhill, emigrated to the United States and engaged in the oft-attempted and ever futile effort "to unite All Christians as one communion on a purely scriptural basis", the hallucination of so many noble minds, the only outcome of which must always be against the will of the Founder, to increase the discord of Christendom by the creation of a new sect.他的父亲，后担任部长，以反burgher教会在ahorey和一间公司的董事繁荣学院在richhill ，移居美国，从事，在多次试图和以往任何时候都徒劳的“团结所有基督徒，作为一个共融于一纯粹是圣经的基础上“ ，产生幻觉这么多的崇高思想，唯一的结果，其中必须始终反对的意志的创始人，增加的不和谐基督教所建立一个新的教派。 In 1808 Alexander embarked with the family to join his father, but was shipwrecked on the Scottish coast and took the opportunity to prepare himself for the ministry at the University of Glasgow.亚历山大在1808年开始与家人参加他的父亲，但船在苏格兰海岸，并借此机会作好准备，自己该部在格拉斯哥大学。 In 1809 he migrated to the United States, and found in Washington County, Pennsylvania, the nucleus of the new movement in the "Christian Association of Washington", under the auspices of which was issued a "Declaration and Address", setting forth the objects of the association.在1809年他移民到美国，发现在华盛顿县，宾夕法尼亚州，核心的新运动中的“基督教协会华盛顿”的主持下，这是发出了“宣言及地址” ，提出了对象该协会。 It was proposed "to establish no new sect, but to persuade Christian to abandon party names and creeds, sectarian usages and denominational strifes, and associate in Christian fellowship, in the common faith in a divine Lord, with no other terms of religious communion than faith in and obedience to the Lord Jesus Christ".有人提议“建立没有新的教派，但要说服基督教放弃党的姓名和信仰，宗派和教会的惯例， strifes ，和准在基督徒团契，在共同的信念，在神的主，没有其他条款的宗教共融的比在信仰和服从主耶稣基督“ 。 An independent church was formed at Brush Run on the principles of the association, and, 1 January, 1812, Alexander was "ordained".一个独立的教会形成于刷上运行的原则，协会，并在1812年1月1日，亚历山大是“祝圣” 。 His earnestness is attested by the record of one hundred and six sermons preached in one year; but he wrecked every prospect of success by finding in his reading of the Scriptures the invalidity of infant baptism, and the necessity of baptism by immersion, thus excluding from the Christian discipleship the vast majority of believing Christians.他语重心长地是核签的纪录， 106说教鼓吹在一年;但他破坏了每一个成功的前景，找到了在他读的经文病残婴儿的洗礼，和必要性的洗礼，由浸没，从而排除由基督教门徒的绝大多数相信基督徒。 On 12 June, 1812, with his wife, father, mother, and three others, Alexander was rebaptized by immersion.对1812年6月12日，与他的妻子，父亲，母亲，和其他三人，亚历山大是rebaptized浸没。 Nothing was left him now but to seek association with one or other of the numerous Baptist sects.没有留给他，但现在寻求协会与一个或其他的众多的浸会教派。 This he did, but with the proviso that he should be allowed to preach and teach whatever he learned from the Holy Scripture.这他那样，但有附带条件，即应该允许他公开传教和教导，无论他得知从圣经。 The Baptists never took him cordially; and in 1817, after five years of herculean labours, his followers, whom he wished to be known by the appellation of "Disciples of Christ", but who were generally styled "Campbellites", numbered only one hundred and fifty persons.该浸信会从来没有带他亲切;而在1817年，经过5年的艰巨的劳动，他的追随者，其中，他希望被称为由称谓的“弟子基督” ，但谁普遍式“ campbellites ” ，编号只有100和50人。 Campbell's mission as a messenger of peace was a failure; as time went on he developed a polemical nature, and became a sharp critic in speech and in writing of the weaknesses and vagaries of the Protestant sects.坎贝尔的使命，作为一个和平使者是一个失败的;随着时间的推移，他制定了一个polemical性质，并成为一个尖锐的评论家在讲话和在写作的弱点和变幻莫测的新教教派。 Only once did he come in direct contact with the Catholics, on the occasion of his five days' debate, in 1837, with Archbishop Purcell of Cincinnati, which excited great interest at the time but is now forgotten.只有一次，他来了直接接触与天主教徒，对之际，他5天的辩论，在1837年，裴熙亮与大主教辛辛那提，兴奋极大的兴趣，在时间，但现在已经忘记了。 His sixty volumes are of no interest.他的60卷是没有兴趣。 Campbell was twice married and was the father of twelve children.坎贝尔曾两次结婚，并且是父亲12儿童。 He died at Bethany, West Virginia, where he had established a seminary, 4 March, 1866.他死在贝萨尼，西弗吉尼亚州，他在那里建立了一个修道院， 1866年3月4日。
According to their census prepared in 1906 the sect then had 6475 ministers, 11,633 churches, and a membership of 1,235,294.根据他们的普查准备在1906年该教派当时6475部长， 11633教堂，和会员1235294 。 It is strongest in the West and Southwest, Missouri, Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, and Ohio having the largest bodies.这是最强的，在西部和西南部，密苏里州，印第安纳，伊利诺伊州，肯塔基州，俄亥俄州和拥有最大的机构。 JH Garrison, editor of their organ "The Christian Evangelist", outlined (1906) the belief of his sect.家驻军，编辑他们的器官“基督教传道者” ，概述了（ 1906年）的信念，他的教派。
According to their investigations of the New Testament the confession of faith made by Simon Peter, on which Jesus declared he would build His Church, namely "Thou art the Christ the Son of the living God", was the creed of Christianity and the essential faith, and that all those who would make this confession from the heart, being penitent of their past sins, were to be admitted by baptism into the membership of the early Church;根据他们的调查，新约圣经供认的信仰所作的西门彼得，在耶稣宣布他将建立祂的教会，即“你的艺术基督的儿子活着的上帝” ，是信仰基督教的和必要的信仰，以及所有那些谁将使这供认，从心，被忏悔自己的过去的罪孽，被承认的洗礼，进入的成员早期教会的;
that baptism in the early Church consisted of a burial of a penitent believer in the water in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, and that only such were fit subjects for baptism;这洗礼，在早期教会的组成，埋葬一个忏悔的信徒在水中的在名称的父亲，和儿子，以及圣灵，只有等适合科目的洗礼;
that the form of church government was congregational;该形式的教会，政府是公理;
that each congregation had its deacons and elders or bishops, the former to look after the temporal and the latter the spiritual interests of the church.每一个聚集有其执事和长老或主教，前看后的时间和后者的精神教会的利益。
They practise weekly communion and consider it not as a sacrament but as a memorial feast.他们实行每周共融，并认为它不是一个圣但作为一个纪念盛宴。
While they hold both New and Old Testaments to be equally inspired, both are not equally binding upon Christians.虽然他们举行新老testaments ，以同样的灵感，都是不具有同等约束力后，基督信徒。
Accepting the Bible as an all-sufficient revelation of the Divine will, they repudiate all authoritative creeds and human grounds of fellowship.接受圣经作为一个全足够的启示的神将，他们推翻所有权威的信仰和人权的理由金。
Publication information Written by James F. Loughlin.出版的资料，书面，由James楼loughlin 。 Transcribed by Christine J. Murray.转录作者： Christine j.美利。 The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume V. Published 1909.天主教百科全书，货量五出版的1909年。 New York: Robert Appleton Company.纽约：罗伯特阿普尔顿公司。 Nihil Obstat, May 1, 1909. nihil obstat ， 1909年5月1日。 Remy Lafort, Censor.的Remy lafort ，检查员。 Imprimatur. imprimatur 。 +John M. Farley, Archbishop of New York +约翰米farley ，大主教of New York所
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