Crypto - Calvinism加密-加尔文

In the sixteenth century questions arose about how much the influence of Calvin should be allowed to penetrate into Lutheranism.在十六世纪出现的问题，多少影响卡尔文应允许渗透到路德教。 Philip Melanchthon and some of his followers (Philippists) were accused of being too accommodating to Calvin's doctrines and of thus practicing Crypto - Calvinism, or "secret" Calvinism, whereby Calvin's views were covertly being held by members of the Lutheran church.弘梅兰希顿和他的一些追随者（ philippists ）被指控过于迁就，以卡尔文的理论和实践的，因此加密-加尔文，或“秘密” ，加尔文，而卡尔文的意见，暗地里被关押成员的路德教会。 In particular, controversies raged over the Lord's Supper, with debates taking place in Heidelberg, Bremen, and Saxony.尤其是，争议的肆虐超过上帝的晚餐，与辩论正在发生的海德堡，不来梅和萨克森。

In 1552 Joachim Westphal, an ardent Lutheran, published a book which pointed out divergences between Luther and Calvin, including their differences on the Lord's Supper.在1552年约阿希姆韦斯特，一殷切希望，路德会，出版了一本书，其中指出，之间的分歧路德和卡尔文，包括他们的分歧，对上帝的晚餐。 Strict Lutherans held views of the ubiquity (omnipresence) of Christ's glorified body, its physical presence in the supper, and the partaking of Christ's body by unbelievers.严格lutherans举行的意见，无处不在（无处不在）基督的荣耀机构，其实际存在的，在晚饭，和partaking基督的身体由unbelievers 。 Melanchthon, however, inclined toward Calvin's view on these issues that Christ was genuinely present at the supper but in a spiritual way, but he did not wish to commit himself publicly.梅兰希顿，不过，倾向卡尔文的观点，关于这些问题的基督是真正出席了晚餐，但在精神的方式，但他不希望自己的公开承诺。 His spirit of conciliation toward the Reformed had earlier led him to change his Augsburg Confession by omitting from its article on the supper the phrase "truly present" and the condemnation of opposite views (1542).他的精神，调解对改革较早前曾使他改变他的奥格斯堡供认省略从一篇关于晚饭“目前的真正”的谴责，相反的意见（ 1542年） 。 But after Melanchthon's death, his views were declared to have been the same as Luther's.但经过梅兰希顿的死亡，他的意见被宣布已同路德的。

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The Elector Augustus of Wittenberg declared the Philippists to be enemies of the state, expelling or imprisoning all of their leaders.选民奥古斯都的维滕贝格宣布philippists要国家的敌人，驱逐或监禁的所有他们的领导人。 In 1574 a commemorative medal was struck celebrating true Lutheranism's victory.在1574年的纪念勋章，被庆祝的真正路德教的胜利。 The Formula of Concord (1577) formalized theologically the rejection of the view of Calvin and his followers that the "true, essential, and living body and blood of Christ" become truly present in the Holy Supper only "spiritually by faith."公式康科德（ 1577 ）正式theologically排斥的看法，卡尔文和他的追随者说： “诚然，必要的，活体及血液基督” ，真正成为目前在神圣的晚餐只有“精神信仰” 。

DK McKim不知道麦克金姆
(Elwell Evangelical Dictionary) （ elwell福音事工促进会，字典）

Bibliography 参考书目
JL Gonzalez, A History of Christian Thought, III; K R Hagenbach, A Text Book of the History of Doctrines, II; Mst, II, 597; R Seeberg, Text book of the History of Doctrines; DC Steinmetz, Reformers in the Wings.冈萨雷斯的JL ，历史的基督教思想，三; k r哈根巴赫，文字书的历史，教义，二;的MST ，二， 597 ; r seeberg ，文字书的历史，理论;直流的Steinmetz ，在改革者的翅膀。

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