The Coptic church is the major Christian community in Egypt, numbering between 6 and 7 million.科普特教会是主要的基督教社区，在埃及，号码之间的第6和第7亿美元。 The name Coptic is derived from the Greek word for Egyptian and reflects the national character of this ancient church, which goes back to the origins of Christianity.名称科普特是来自希腊字，为埃及和反映了民族性格的这个古老的教堂，可以追溯到起源基督教。 When the Christian church was torn apart by the 5th century controversies on the identity of Christ, most Egyptian Christians sided with the Monophysite party, which held that Christ has one nature, a doctrine condemned at the Council of Chalcedon (451).当基督教教堂被拆除，除了由第五世纪的争论的身份，基督，大多数埃及基督徒的片面与monophysite党，举行基督有一个性质，学说谴责在安理会的迦克墩（ 451 ） 。
Monophysitism is still formally affirmed by the Coptic church. monophysitism仍是正式确认由科普特教堂。 Coptic is sometimes used improperly to refer to the Ethiopian church because of its unity in faith and close affinity with Christian Egypt.科普特是，有时使用不当是指埃塞俄比亚教会，因为它团结在信仰和密切的亲和与基督教埃及。 The Ethiopian church, however, declared itself independent of the Coptic patriarch in 1959.埃塞俄比亚教会，不过，宣布自己独立的科普特宗主教于1959年。 The Coptic church is headed by the "patriarch and pope of Alexandria, Pentapolis and Ethiopia," who is elected by the entire community of clergy and laity.科普特教会是为首的“元老和教皇亚历山大， pentapolis和埃塞俄比亚， ”谁当选，由整个国际社会的神职人员和俗人。 His permanent residence is in Cairo.他的永久居住地是在开罗举行。
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Bibliography
参考书目
BL Carter, The
Copts in Egyptian Politics 1918 - 1952 (1985); OFA Meindarus, Christian Egypt,
Faith and Life (1970); K Murad, Coptic Egypt (1968); CH Roberts, Manuscript,
Society and Belief in Early Christian Egypt (1979).基本法卡特，埃及科普特人在政治1918 -1
952年（ 1 985年） ; o fam eindarus，基督教埃及，信仰和生活（ 1 970年） ; k穆拉德，埃及的科普特（ 1 968年） ;的C
H罗伯茨，手稿，社会和信仰在早期基督教埃及（ 1979年） 。
The Coptic Church (Arabic qubt; from Greek aiguptios, "Egyptian"), is the major Christian church in Egypt.科普特教会（阿拉伯语qubt ;从希腊aiguptios ， “埃及” ） ，主要是基督教在埃及。 Its name points to its national origins.它的名字点，至其国家的起源。 Unsubstantiated tradition attributes to the apostle Mark the initial preaching of Christianity in Egypt.没有证据证明的传统属性，以使徒马克初步宣扬基督教在埃及。 Recent scholarship suggests that the origins of Egyptian Christianity are to be found among the Jews living in Alexandria in the 1st century AD.最近的奖学金表明，起源埃及基督教是要找到之间的犹太人生活在亚历山德里亚，在第一世纪的广告。 By the end of the 2nd century in Alexandria, the major city of Hellenistic Egypt, the Christian catechetical school headed by Clement of Alexandria had already acquired great fame.到去年底的第二个世纪在亚历山德里亚，主要城市的希腊，埃及，基督教catechetical学校为首的克莱门特在亚历山大已经有了很大的知名度。 Origen, the founder of Greek Christian theology and biblical science, followed Clement as head of the school.俄，创始人希腊基督教神学和圣经的科学，其次是克莱门特担任学校。 In the 4th and 5th centuries, two great bishops of Alexandria defended Christian orthodoxy - Saint Athanasius, against Arianism, and Saint Cyril, against Nestorianism.在第四和第五世纪，两个伟大的主教亚历山德里亚捍卫基督教的正统-圣亚他那修，对a rianism，和圣西里尔，对景教。
Some Egyptian Christians, however, refused to follow the decrees of the Council of Chalcedon (451), which defined the person of Jesus Christ as being "one in two natures."一些埃及基督徒，不过，拒绝按照法令，理事会迦克墩（ 451 ） ，确定了该人耶稣基督作为“一个在两个性质” 。 The doctrine of "two natures" appeared to them to imply the existence of two Christs, divine and human, and was therefore tainted with Nestorianism.学说“两个性质” ，似乎他们暗示存在着两个基督，神和人类，因此，带有景教。 They upheld the terminology of Cyril, who had spoken of "one incarnate nature of God the Word."他们坚持的术语西里尔，谁曾谈到“一个肉身的性质，上帝的词” 。 Those Egyptian Christians who rejected the Council of Chalcedon - a council accepted both in Constantinople (present-day Ýstanbul) and in Rome - faced charges of Monophysitism, the belief that Christ has only one nature rather than two.这些埃及基督徒谁拒绝接受安理会的迦克墩-理事会接受了双方在君士坦丁堡（现在的天ý stanbul）和在罗马-面对收费mo nophysitism，相信基督只有一个性质，而非两个。
Only a few Alexandrians remained faithful to Chalcedonian orthodoxy.只有少数alexandrians仍然忠实于chalcedonian的正统。 Because this minority was supported by Byzantine imperial authorities, the Copts developed national and cultural animosity against the Byzantine Empire.因为这少数人的支持，拜占庭帝国当局，科普特发达的国家和文化的敌意对拜占庭帝国。 This hostility facilitated the conquest of Egypt by the Arab Muslims in the 7th century.这敌意，促进了征服埃及由阿拉伯穆斯林在公元7世纪。 Today the Coptic Christian population of Egypt constitutes a substantial minority of about 7 million, although official government statistics lower this figure.今天的科普特基督教埃及人口的构成了实质性的少数民族约700万，虽然政府的官方统计数字，降低这个数字。 Traditionally the Coptic church is headed by the pope and patriarch of Alexandria, who is nominated by an electoral college of clergy and laity, with the final selection among three leading nominees decided by lot.传统的科普特教堂是为首的教皇和主教亚历山德里亚，谁是提名的一大选举团的神职人员和俗人，最终选择其中的三代领导提名，决定通过抽签确定。 After the Egyptian government banished the pope to a desert monastery in September 1981, church-state relations were handled by a commission of five Coptic clergymen; the pope was restored to his powers early in 1985.之后，埃及政府流放教宗沙漠修道院于1981年9月，教会和国家关系的处理由一个委员会的5科普特的神职人员;教宗恢复他的权力早在1985年。
With a flourishing monastic tradition dating from the early Christian era (1st century to 8th century), the church has, in recent times, encouraged the development of a modern school system.一个蓬勃发展的寺院的传统可以追溯到早期基督教时代（第一到第八世纪的世纪） ，教会，在最近的时代，鼓励发展现代学校制度。 The Coptic church has also been in fruitful communication with the Ethiopian, Armenian, Jacobite, and Malabâr communities.科普特教会也一直在卓有成效的沟通与埃塞俄比亚，亚美尼亚语，詹姆斯党，并malabâr社区。 Recent discussion between Coptic and Eastern Orthodox theologians has indicated that the controversies of the past, provoked mainly by verbal differences, could be overcome and communion restored between the two.最近的讨论之间的科普特和东欧的东正教神学家表示，争议的过去，挑衅，主要是由口头分歧，是可以克服的共融和恢复两国之间。
Rev. John Meyendorff牧师约翰meyendorff
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