Comparative Religion比较宗教

Although it is possible to trace the origin of comparative religion to the sixth century Greek thinker Xenophanes, who noted that different peoples tend to depict God in their own image, it was not until the nineteenth century that the study of comparative religion began in earnest.虽然这是可能的追查来源，比较宗教六世纪的希腊思想家xenophanes ，谁指出，不同的人民，往往描绘上帝在自己的形象，但直到十九世纪，该项研究的比较宗教开始在认真。 Under the influence of evolutionary theory a number of scholars found what they believed to be evolutionary links between various religious traditions.的影响下，进化理论，一些学者发现什么，他们相信是进化之间的联系，各种宗教传统。 Chief among these were F Max Muller, EB Tylor, and JG Fraser.行政之间的这些f最高穆勒，电子束tylor ， jg弗雷泽。 The discipline gained rapid academic recognition, and chairs were established in various institutions, particularly the new universities of North America.纪律取得快速的学术承认，和椅子分别设于各机构，特别是新的大学北美。 In Britain the subject tended to serve the needs of the empire and was closely linked to the study of Asian languages.在英国的主题往往需要服务的帝国，并紧密联系在一起的研究亚洲语言。 In Germany it took the form of the history of religions, which was seen as an adjunct to Christian theology.在德国，它采取的形式是历史的宗教，这被看作是一种辅助，以基督教神学。

In the United States, under the influence of institutions like the University of Chicago, it became an important element in the expression of the American liberal consensus.在美国的影响下，机构一样，芝加哥大学，它成为一个重要组成部分，在表达美国自由的共识。 As an undergraduate subject comparative religion became highly popular in the late 1960s and early 1970s, with the result that new religious studies departments were opened in many universities in Britain and North America.作为一名大学生受到比较宗教，成为极受欢迎，在六十年代后期和七十年代初期，其结果是，新的宗教研究部门开放，在许多大学在英国和北美。

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In its crudest form comparative religion makes the assumption that all religions are essentially one. Thus the ten commandments of Judaism, the teachings of Jesus, the four noble truths of Buddhism, and various Hindu moral codes are compared to show that they all contain a common denominator such as the command to love one's neighbor. In a similar way it is often argued that despite apparent differences, all men worship a supreme being. 在其crudest形式，比较宗教，使假设所有的宗教基本上是一，因此，十诫命，犹太教，耶稣的教导，四君子的真理，佛教，印度教和各种道德准则的比较表明， 它们都包含一个共同的分母，如命令，以爱一的近邻，在类似的方式，这是常常认为，尽管明显的分歧，所有男性崇拜的最高福祉。 However, serious study of various religions has revealed more disagreements than agreements.但是，认真研究各种宗教的揭示了更多的分歧比协议。 Thus, while it may be true that English housewives and African women in Uganda carry umbrellas, this information tells us very little about the actual life style of the women involved.因此，虽然它可能是事实，英语家庭主妇和非洲妇女在乌干达进行的雨伞，这方面的资料告诉我们，很少了解现实生活中的作风，妇女参与。 Using an umbrella to protect oneself from the rain is not the same as using it to avoid the glare of the sun.用雨伞保护自己从雨是不一样的使用它，以避免眩光的太阳。

Similarly, prayer to God in Christianity and meditation in Buddhism may look similar, but the object of each exercise is very different.同样地，祈祷上帝在基督教和佛教的冥想可能看起来类似，但对象的每个演习是非常不同的。 Such a religion as Theravada Buddhism, in fact, presents a strong argument against crude forms of comparative religion because of its rejection of the importance of belief in God and denial of the existence of an individual self.这样一个宗教作为上座部佛教佛教，在事实上，提出了一种有力的论据对原油形式的比较宗教，因为它排斥反应的重要性，违背对真主信仰和拒绝的存在，个人的自我。 As a result of considerations like these, the study of religion as a universal phenomenon with a variety of different expressions has become increasingly complex.由于考虑这些，研究宗教作为一种普遍现象，与各种不同的表现形式已变得日益复杂。 Some scholars still retain a desire to find an underlying unity, while many others have abandoned this quest in favor of the study of a particular religious tradition which they recognize to be unique.一些学者仍然保留的欲望，寻找一个潜在的团结，而其他许多人放弃了这种追求有利于该项研究的某一特定宗教传统，他们承认是独一无二的。

I Hexham i赫克瑟姆
(Elwell Evangelical Dictionary) （ elwell福音事工促进会，字典）

Bibliography 参考书目
EJ Sharp, Comparative Religion; M Eliade and JM Kitagawa, eds., The History of Religions; N Smart, Reasons and Faiths. ej夏普，比较宗教;米伊利亚德和jm北川编，历史，宗教; n聪明的，原因和信仰。

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