Augustinians are members of various Roman Catholic religious communities of men and women who follow the Rule of St. Augustine, a code of rules for the monastic life originally drawn up by St. Augustine of Hippo (354-430).奥古斯丁会士的成员，各种罗马天主教宗教社区的男人和女人谁遵循法治的圣奥古斯丁，代码的规则为寺院的生活原本制定了由圣奥古斯丁的河马（ 354-430 ） 。 The two main groups of Augustinians are the Augustinian (Austin) Canons--or Canons Regular of Saint Augustine--dating from the 11th century, and the Augustinian Hermits or Friars, established by Pope Alexander IV in 1256.主要有两个群体的奥古斯丁会士是奥古斯丁（奥斯汀）大炮-大炮或定期的圣奥古斯丁-约会从1 1世纪，和奥古斯丁隐士或f r iars，成立了由罗马教皇亚历山大四世在1 2 56年。 The traditional garb of Augustinians is a black tunic, a short cape, and a cowl.传统的披着奥古斯丁会士是一个黑色外衣，短角，和cowl 。 Famous Augustinians include Martin Luther, in his early career, and the geneticist Gregor Mendel.著名的奥古斯丁会士，包括马丁路德，在他的早期生涯中，和遗传学家孟德尔格雷戈尔• 。
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(Generally called Augustinians and not to be confounded with the Augustinian Canons). （一般称为奥古斯丁会士和不被混淆与奥古斯丁炮） 。
A religious order which in the thirteenth century combined several monastic societies into one, under this name.一个宗教令，在13世纪相结合的几个寺院的社团之一，根据这一名称。 The order has done much to extend the influence of the Church, to propagate the Faith, and to advance learning.该命令已做了大量延长的影响，教会，宣扬信念，推动学习。
FOUNDATION基金会
As is well known, St. Augustine of Hippo, first with some friends and afterwards, as bishop, with his clergy, led a monastic community life.如所周知，圣奥古斯丁的河马，首先与一些朋友和之后，作为主教，与他的神职人员，率领一个寺院的社区生活。 Vows were not obligatory, but the possession of private property was prohibited.誓言不是强制性的，但拥有的私人财产被禁止。 Their manner of life led others to imitate them.他们的方式生活，导致他人模仿他们。 Instructions for their guidance were found in several writings of St. Augustine, especially in "De opere monachorum" (PL, XL, 527), mentioned in the ancient codices regularum of the eighth or ninth century as "The Rule of St. Augustine".指示为指导，被发现在一些著作的圣奥古斯丁，特别是在“时点opere monachorum ” （特等， xl ， 527 ） ，提到，在古代codices regularum的第八或第九世纪作为“法治圣奥古斯丁” 。 Epistola ccxi, otherwise cix (PL, XXXIII, 958), contains the early "Augustinian Rule for Nuns"; epistolae ccclv and ccclvi (PL, XXXIX, 1570) "De moribus clericorum". epistola ccxi ，否则cix （特等，三十三， 958 ） ，它包含早期“奥古斯丁规则修女” ; epistolae ccclv和ccclvi （特等，第39届， 1570年） “时点moribus clericorum ” 。 The instructions herein contained formed the basis of the rule which, in accordance with the decree of the Lateran Synod, in 1059, was adopted by canons desiring to practise a common apostolic life (Holstenius, "Codex regularum", II, Rome, 1661, 120).指示此处所载形成的基础上的规则，根据该法令的拉特朗主教会议，在1059年，通过大炮渴望执业一个共同的使徒生活（ holstenius ， “食品法典委员会regularum ” ，第二章，罗马， 1661年， 120 ） 。 Thence the title "Canons Regular of St. Augustine".再，题目是“大炮定期的圣奥古斯丁” 。 Later, many monastic societies and brotherhoods, especially in Italy, adopted the Augustinian Rule, either voluntarily or by command of the pope, without, however, giving up certain peculiarities of life and dress introduced by the founder, or handed down by custom.后来，许多寺院的社会和brotherhoods ，尤其是在意大利，通过奥古斯丁的规则，无论是出于自愿或命令的教宗，没有，然而，放弃某些特殊性的生活方式和着装所提出的创始人，或传世习惯。 These differences led to their being confounded with other orders (eg, the Friars Minor) and gave rise to quarrels.这些分歧导致他们被混淆与其他命令（例如， friars未成年人）和引起了争吵。 To remedy these evils and to ensure harmony and unity amongst the various religious congregations, Pope Alexander IV sought to unite them into one order.为了补救这些邪恶，以确保和谐与团结之间的各种宗教教友，教宗亚历山大四世要求，团结他们到一阶。 For this purpose he commanded that two delegates be sent to Rome from each of the hermit monasteries, to discuss, under the presidency of Cardinal Richard of Santi Angeli, the question of union.为此，他指挥的这两位代表在发送给罗马从每个隐逸寺庙，讨论，主持下，枢机主教理查德的santi当归，问题的联盟。 The first meeting of the delegates took place on the first of March, 1256, and resulted in a union.第一次会议的代表发生了第一次3月， 1256年，并导致一名工会。 Lanfranc Septala of Milan, Prior of the Bonites, was appointed the first prior-general of the new order.朗弗朗septala的米兰，之前的bonites ，被任命为第一前干事的新秩序。 A uniform black habit was adopted, and the staves formerly carried by the Bonites to distinguish them from Friars Minor were dispensed with.一个统一的黑色的习惯，获得通过，并壁前进行，由bonites加以区分，从friars轻微被免除。 The Bull "Licet ecclesiae catholicae", issued on 4 May, 1256 (Bullarium Taurinense, 3rd ed., 635 sq.), ratified these proceedings and may be regaraded as the foundation-charter of the "Ordo Eremitarum S. Augustini"; and furthermore, the pope commanded that all hermit monasteries which had sent no delegates, should conform to the newly drawn up Constitutions.牛市“ licet ecclesiae catholicae ” ，发出了关于1256年5月4日（ bullarium taurinense ，第三教育署， 635平方米） ，批准了这些程序，并可能regaraded为基础-宪章“诉讼eremitarum第奥古斯蒂尼” ;此外，教宗指挥所有隐士寺庙已发出，没有代表，应符合新制订的宪法。
EXTENSION OF THE ORDER扩展秩序
The Bull "Licet ecclesiae catholicae" mentions the hermit convents which had been invited to take part in the proceedings at Rome, in 1256, which led to the union.牛市“ licet ecclesiae catholicae ”提到隐士修道院已被邀请参加在诉讼程序中在罗马，在1256年，这导致该联盟。 "Quaedam [domus] S. Guillelmi, quaedam S. Augustini ordinum, nonnullae autem fratris Joannis Boni, aliquae vero de Fabali, aliae vero de Britinis." “ quaedam [家]第guillelmi ， quaedam第奥古斯蒂尼ordinum ， nonnullae autem fratris joannis渤泥， aliquae的Vero德fabali ， aliae的Vero德britinis ” 。 - According to this statement, the original branches of the hermits were: (1) The Williamites, founded by St. William of Maleval shortly before his death in 1157. -根据这项声明，原党支部的隐士分别为： （ 1 ） w illiamites，所创立的圣威廉马勒瓦尔不久，在他死之前，在1 157年。 From this congregation sprang two others, the principal houses being at Stabulum Rodis, in the valley of Maleval, and at Fabali on Monte Fabali.从这个聚集兴起其他两个主要的房屋被在stabulum rodis ，在山谷马勒瓦尔，并在fabali上的Monte fabali 。 The mode of life, originally very severe, was mitigated by Pope Gregory IX, under whom the majority of the Williamite monasteries adopted the Rule of St. Benedict.该模式的生活，原本十分严重的，是缓解由罗马教皇格雷戈里九下，其中大部分的寺庙williamite通过法治的圣本笃。 When these were required by the Bull "Licet ecclesiae catholicae" to join the new order, they raised objections and obtained a prohibition to exchange the Benedictine Rule for the milder one of the Augustinians.当这些人所需要的牛市“ licet ecclesiae catholicae ”加入新秩序，他们提出的反对意见，并取得禁止交换笃规则为较温和的一对奥古斯丁会士。 (See Guil. De Waha, "Explanatio vitae S. Guillelmi Magni" etc., 1693; "Acta Sanct. Boll.", Feb., II, 450 sqq.; "Kirchenlex.", 2nd ed., XII, 1609 sqq.) (2) Several unspecified houses of the Order of St. Augustine, established chiefly in Italy, and forming separate congregations. （见guil 。 waha德， “ explanatio简历第guillelmi magni ”等， 1693 “ ;学报给桑特。铃” ， 2月，二， 450 sqq 。 ; “ kirchenlex ” ，第二版，第十二， 1609 sqq ） （ 2 ）数不详的房子秩序的圣奥古斯丁，建立了主要是在意大利，形成单独的毕业典礼。 To these belong the Hermits of the Holy Trinity in Tuscany, who had already been united into an Augustinian congregation by Pope Innocent IV, in 1243, with Cardinal Richard for a protector, and with indulgences granted to those who visited their churches (in 1244).这些属于该隐士的圣三一在托斯卡纳，谁已经成为美国的奥古斯丁聚集由诺森四，在1243年，与枢机主教理查德为保护者，并与indulgences给予那些谁访问了他们的教会（在1244 ） 。 (3) The Bonites, so called from their founder, Blessed John Buoni, a member of the Buonuomini family, born about 1168 in Mantua. （ 3 ） bonites ，所谓从他们的创始人，有福约翰buoni ，成员之一buonuomini家庭，出生约1168年在曼图亚。 He lived a hermit's life at Cesena, and died in his native city in 1249 (Lodi, "Vita e miracoli del b. Giov. Buoni", Mantua, 1591; "Acta SS. Boll.", Oct., IX, 693 sq.).他过着隐士的生活在塞泽纳，死亡在他的城市在1249年（洛迪， “简历e miracoli删除乙giov 。 buoni ” ，曼图亚， 1591年“ ;学报的SS 。铃” ， 10月，第九章， 693平方） 。 In the year 1256 the Bonites possessed eleven monasteries and gave the first general to the Augustinian Order (see above).在1256年该bonites拥有11寺庙和了第一秘书长向奥古斯丁秩序（见上文） 。 (4) The Brittinians (Brictinians), so called from their oldest foundation, that of St. Blasius de Brittinis, near Fano, in the district of Ancona. （ 4 ） brittinians （ brictinians ） ，所谓从他们的最古老的基础，即圣blasius德brittinis ，附近的法诺，在区安科纳。 Many congregations, such as the Brothers of Penance of Christ (Saccati, or "Sack-bearers"), the foundations of Durandus of Huesca (Osca), and those of the "Catholic Poor", united with the Bonites.许多教友，如兄弟penance基督（萨卡蒂，或“炒鱿鱼主事” ） ，基础durandus的韦斯卡（ osca ） ，和那些“天主教欠佳” ，美国与bonites 。
The Hermits of St. Augustine spread rapidly, partly because they did not radiate from a single parent monastery, and partly because, after violent conflicts in the previously existing congregations, the active life was finally adopted by the greater number of communities, following the example of the Friars Minor and the Dominicans.该隐士的圣奥古斯丁迅速蔓延，这部分是因为他们没有辐射，从一个单亲修道院，部分是因为后，暴力冲突，在先前存在的教友，积极的生活，终于通过了由越来越多的社区，以下的例子该friars轻微和多米尼加。 To the Brittinians alone, in 1260, was granted permission to continue following the contemplative life.向brittinians ，仅在1260年，被获准继续随沉思的生活。 A few years after the reorganization of the Augustinian Order, Hermit monasteries sprang up in Germany, France, and Spain.几年重组后的奥古斯丁秩序，隐士寺庙兴起在德国，法国，和西班牙。 Germany soon possessed forty, many of them large and important, such as those at Mainz, Würzburg, Worms, Nuremberg, Speyer, Strasburg, Ratisbon, all built between 1260 and 1270.德国尽快拥有40 ，他们中的许多大型和重要的，例如那些在美茵茨，维尔茨堡，蠕虫，纽伦堡，施派尔， strasburg ，拉蒂斯邦，所有间建成的1260年和1270年。 As early as the year 1299, the German province was divided into four sub-provinces: the Rhenish-Swabian, the Cologne, the Bavarian, and the Saxon.早在1299年，德国省分为四个小组的省份：礼贤-施瓦本，科隆，巴伐利亚和萨克森。 At the period of its greates prosperity the order possessed 42 provinces and 2 vicariates numbering 2000 monasteries and about 30,000 members.在该期间它的greates繁荣的秩序，拥有42个省和2 vicariates号码寺庙和2000年约3.0万成员。 (Cf. Aug. Lubin, "Orbis Augustinianus sive conventuum O. Erem. SA chorographica et topographica descriptio", Paris, 1659, 1671, 1672.) （参见8月卢宾， “奥比斯augustinianus sive conventuum澳erem 。 SA服务chorographica等topographica descriptio ” ，巴黎， 1659年， 1671年， 1672年） 。
PRESENT CONDITION OF THE ORDER目前的情况，该命令
Since the sixteenth century the order, owing to many causes, particularly to the Reformation, lost numbers of monasteries.自十六世纪的一声令下，由于多方面的原因，特别是改革，失去了多少寺庙。 During the French Revolution the greater part of the 157 monasteries were destroyed, as well as all the monasteries of the Discalced Augustinian Hermits.在法国大革命，大部份的157个寺庙被摧毁，以及所有寺庙的discalced奥古斯丁隐士。 The secularization of the religious houses in Germany, Austria, and Italy brought about great losses.世俗化的宗教房子在德国，奥地利，意大利等带来了巨大的损失。 In 1835, out of a total of 153 in Spain, 105 were suppressed.在1835年，总共有153个在西班牙， 105中遭到压制。 The Augustinian monasteries in Mexico were suppressed in 1860; in Russia, in 1864; in the Kingdom of Hanover, in 1875.该奥古斯丁修道院在墨西哥被压制在1860年，在俄罗斯，在1864年，在王国的汉诺威，于1875年。 The Philippine Islands, however, suffered the heaviest losses, during the disturbances of 1896.菲律宾群岛，但是，遭受了沉重的损失，在动乱期间的1896年。 Hence the Augustinian Order of today has only a tenth of the monasteries which it possessed at the time of its greatest prosperity.因此，奥古斯丁秩序的今天，只有十分之一的寺庙，它拥有的时候，其最大的繁荣。
Without counting the Discalced Augustinians, the order comprises 19 provinces, 2 commissariates, 2 congregations, and 60 large monasteries (with 6 or more fathers), in all, including residences and mission stations, 275 foundations, with 2050 members (priests, clerical novices, and lay brothers).无计数discalced奥古斯丁会士，为了组成的19个省， 2 commissariates ， 2毕业典礼，和60大修道院（ 6或以上的父亲） ，在所有的人，包括住宅和使命感站， 275基础上，与2050成员（祭司，文书新手，奠定兄弟） 。 These provinces, according to the "Catalogus Fratrum O. Erem. S. Augustini" (Rome, 1908) are:--这些省份，要按照“ catalogus fratrum澳erem 。第奥古斯蒂尼” （罗马， 1908年）是： -
Provincia Romana (Rome), with 13 convents.省罗马（罗马） ，与13个修道院。
Provincia Picena (north-eastern Italy), with 16 convents.省picena （东北部意大利） ， 16修道院。
Provincia Castellae (Spain), with 5 colleges and 2 residences (S. German and Cabo Rojo) in Porto Rico.省castellae （西班牙） ， 5高校和2个住宅（第德国和角rojo ）在Porto波多黎各。
Provincia Hollandica, with 6 convents.省hollandica ， 6修道院。
Provincia Belgica, with 3 convents.省belgica ， 3修道院。
Provincia Umbriae, with 9 convents.省umbriae ， 9修道院。
Provincia Bavarico-Germanica et Polonica, with 7 convents in Bavaria, 1 in Prussia, and 1 in Austrian Galicia.省bavarico -德国等polonica ， 7修道院，在德国巴伐利亚州， 1个在普鲁士，和1名在奥地利加利西亚。
Provincia Bohemiae, with 7 convents in Bohemia.省bohemiae ， 7修道院在波西米亚。
Commissariatus Neapolitanus, with 2 convents. commissariatus neapolitanus ， 2修道院。
Commissariatus Siculus, with 8 convents in Sicily. commissariatus塞库鲁斯， 8修道院在西西里岛。
Provincia Etruriae, with 5 convents.省etruriae ， 5修道院。
Provincia Hiberniae, with 12 convents in Ireland (Dublin, Galway, Cork, Limerick, Drogheda, Callan, Dungarvan, New Ross, Fethard, Ballyhaunis, Clonmines, and Orlagh), 3 in England (Hoxton, West Kensington, and Hythe), 3 in Australia (Echuca, Rochester, and Kyabram), and 1 in Italy (St. Patrick's, Rome).省hiberniae ， 12修道院在爱尔兰（都柏林，戈尔韦，科克，利默里克，道各， callan ，邓加文，新罗斯， fethard ， ballyhaunis ， clonmines ， orlagh ） ，第3条在英格兰（ hoxton ，西肯辛顿， hythe ） ， 3在澳大利亚（伊丘卡，罗彻斯特，凯阿布勒姆） ，和1名在意大利（圣帕特里克，罗马） 。
Provincia Liguriae, with 5 convents.省liguriae ， 5修道院。
Provincia Michoacanensis (Mexico), with 10 convents, 16 vicariates or parishes, and 1 chaplaincy.省michoacanensis （墨西哥） ，与10个修道院， 16 vicariates或教区，和1 chaplaincy 。
Provincia SS.省的SS 。 Nominis Jesu Insularum Philippinarum. nominis jesu insularum菲律宾。 This comprises 2 residences at Madrid; the Real Colegio at Valladolid; 4 other residences and 7 convents in other parts of Spain; a procurator's house (domus procurationis) at Rome; 3 convents and 10 parish residences in the Philippines; a procurator's house and 6 mission stations in China; one college and five houses in the Republic of Colombia; 1 convent, 3 colleges, and 3 mission stations in Peru; a procurator's house and 16 other houses (including 1 diocesan seminary) in Brazil; 5 colleges, 1 school, and 4 other houses in Argentina.这包括2月在马德里的住所;真正岁Colegio在巴利亚多利德;四月其他住宅和7修道院的其他部分，西班牙，一名检察官的家（莫斯procurationis ）在罗马;三月修道院和10个教区的住所，在菲律宾;检察官的房子和6使命监测站在中国;一所高校和5家在哥伦比亚共和国;一修道院，三学院，和三团监测站在秘鲁;检察官的家和其他16家（包括1教区修院）在巴西; 5高校， 1学校，和其他四家在阿根廷。
Provincia S. Michaelis Quitensis (Ecuador), with 3 convents.省第米氏quitensis （厄瓜多尔） ， 3修道院。
Provincia Mexicana SS.省墨西哥的SS 。 Nominis Jesu (Mexico), with 6 convents and 7 vicariates. nominis jesu （墨西哥） ， 6修道院和7 vicariates 。
Provincia Chilensis (Chile), with 6 convents and 1 house.省chilensis （智利） ， 6修道院和1家。
Provincia Melitensis (Malta), with 3 convents.省羊（马耳他） ， 3修道院。
Provincia S. Thomae a Villanova in Statibus Faederatis Americae Septentrionalis (United States of America) comprises, besides the college of Villanova, in Pennsylvania, and that of St. Augustine, at Havana, Cuba, 9 convents and 11 houses.省第thomae一维拉诺瓦在statibus faederatis americae septentrionalis （美利坚合众国）组成，除了该学院的维拉诺瓦，在宾夕法尼亚州，并指出，圣奥古斯丁，在哈瓦那，古巴， 9修道院和11家。
Provincia Matritensis SS.省matritensis的SS 。 Cordis Jesu (Spain), with 2 chapels in Madrid, a convent and 2 colleges in the Escorial, 1 college each at Palma (Majorca), Guernica, and Ronda, and a school at Portugalete. cordis jesu （西班牙） ， 2小礼拜堂在马德里，一个修道院和2高校，在escorial ， 1学院，每个帕尔马（马约尔） ，格尔尼卡，和隆达，和一所学校， portugalete 。
Congregatio S. Joannis ad Carbonariam (Naples), with 4 convents. congregatio第joannis广告carbonariam （那不勒斯） ， 4修道院。
Congregatio S. Mariae de Nemore Siciliae (Sicily), with 2 convents. congregatio第mariae德尼莫尔siciliae （西西里岛） ， 2修道院。
The convents of St. Thomas, at Alt Brünn, Moravia, and of Our Lady of Good Counsel, Philadelphia, USA are immediately subject to the general of the Augustinian Order.该修道院的圣托马斯，在按Alt brünn ，摩拉维亚，和我们的夫人好律师， Philadelphia ，美国立即受到一般的奥古斯丁秩序。
The chief house of the order is the International College of St. Monica at Rome, Via S. Uffizio No. 1.行政众议院秩序是国际学院的圣莫尼卡在罗马，途经美国uffizio 1号。 It is also the residence of the general of the order (prior generalis) and of the curia generalis.这亦是居住的一般该命令（前generalis ）和该教廷generalis 。 Another monastery of the Augustinian Hermits in Rome is that of S. Augustinus de Urbe, established in 1483, near the church of St. Augustine, in which the remains of St. Monica, the mother if St. Augustine, were deposited when they were brought from Ostia in the year 1430.另一个修道院的奥古斯丁隐士在罗马的是，脊髓肌肉萎缩奥古斯丁德urbe ，成立于1483年，附近的教堂圣奥古斯丁，在其中的遗骸，圣莫尼卡，母亲如果圣奥古斯丁，存入时，他们所带来的从奥斯提亚，在1430年。 This, formerly the chief monastery of the order, is now occupied by the Italian Ministry of Marine, and the Augustinian Fathers who serve the church retain only a small portion of their former property.这一点，前行政修道院的一声令下，现正被占领的由意大利外交部，海事处和奥古斯丁的父亲谁服务教会，只保留一小部分，其前财产。 Another Augustinian convent in Rome is S. Maria de Populo de Urbe.另一奥古斯丁修道院，在罗马是第玛丽亚德populo德urbe 。
In 1331 Pope John XXII had appointed the Augustinian Hermits guardians of the tomb of St. Augustine in the Church of S. Pietro in Ciel d'Oro at Pavia.在1331年教皇约翰二十二已任命奥古斯丁隐士监护人的墓在圣奥古斯丁教堂的第皮耶特在国际环境法中心-破产管理署在帕维亚。 They were driven thence in 1700, and fled to Milan.他们被逐出再在1700年，逃亡到米兰。 Their monastery being destroyed in 1799, and the church desecrated, the remains of St. Augustine were taken back to Pavia and placed in its cathedral.他们的寺院被摧毁，在1799年，和教会的亵渎，仍然是圣奥古斯丁采取了回帕维亚并放置在其大教堂。 In recent times the church of S. Pietro was restored, and on 7 October, 1900, the body of the saint was removed from the cathedral and replaced in San Pietro--an event commemorated in a poem by Pope Leo XIII.在最近的时代教会的第皮耶特恢复，并于1900年10月7日，该机构的圣被拆掉，从大教堂和取代，在新皮耶特-一事件纪念在一首诗，由罗马教皇利奥十三。 The Augustinians are again in possession of their old church of S. Pietro.该奥古斯丁会士，又藏有他们的老教堂，美国彼得。
REFORM MOVEMENTS改革运动
In the fourteenth century, owing to various causes, such as the mitigation of the rule, either by permission of the pope, or through a lessening of fervour, but chiefly in consequence of the Plague and the Great Western Schism, discipline became relaxed in the Augustinian monasteries; hence reformers appeared who were anxious to restore it.在14世纪，由于种种原因，如缓解该规则，无论是由许可的教宗，或通过减少侃侃而谈，但主要是在后果鼠疫和西部大分裂，纪律成为放宽，在奥古斯丁寺庙，因此，改革者似乎谁被急于将它还原。 These reformers were themselves Augustinians and instituted several reformed congregations, each having its own vicar-general (vicarius-generalis), but all under the control of the general of the order.这些改革者自己奥古斯丁会士和制度改革的几个教会，每个拥有自己的副主教秘书长（ vicarius - generalis ） ，但所有的控制之下，一般该命令。 The most important of these congregations of the "Regular Observants" were those of Illiceto, in the district of Siena, established in 1385, having 12, and subsequently 8, convents; of St. John ad Carbonariam (founded c. 1390), having 14 convents, of which 4 still exist; of Perugia (1491), having 11; the Lombardic Congregation (1430), 56; the Congregation of the Spanish Observance (1430), which since 1505 has comprised all the Castilian monasteries; of Monte Ortono near Padua (1436), having 6 convents; of the Blessed Virgin at Genoa, also called Our Lady of Consolation (c. 1470), 25; of Apulia (c. 1490), 11; the German, or Saxon, Congregation (1493) (see next paragraph); the Congregation of Zampani in Calabria (1507), 40; the Dalmatian Congregation (1510), 6; the Congregation of the Colorites, or of Monte Colorito, Calabria (1600), 11; of Centorbio in Sicily (1590), 18 (at present 2, which form the Congregation of S. Maria de Nemore Siciliae); of the "Little Augustinians" of Bourges, France (c. 1593), 20; of the Spanish, Italian, and French congregations of Discalced, or Barefooted, Augustinians (see below), and the Congregation del Bosco in Sicily established in the year 1818 and having 3 convents.其中最重要的教会的“定期observants ”那些illiceto ，在区锡耶纳，成立于1385年，有12个，随后八，修道院;圣约翰广告carbonariam （建长1390 ） ， 14修道院，其中4个依然存在;的佩鲁贾（ 1491 ） ，有11个;隆巴尔迪奇聚集（ 1430 ） ，第56 ;聚集在西班牙纪念（ 1430 ） ，其中1505年以来，已组成的所有寺庙，卡斯蒂利亚;的Monte ortono附近的帕多瓦（ 1436 ） ，有6修道院;的有福了美属维尔京在热那亚，也呼吁我们的夫人安慰（长1470 ） ， 25 ;普利亚（长1490 ） ，第11条;德语，或撒克逊人，聚集（ 1493 ） （见下段） ;聚集zampani在卡拉布里亚（ 1507 ） ， 40个;达尔马提亚聚集（ 1510 ） ，第6条;聚集的colorites ，或蒙科洛里托，卡拉布里亚（ 1600 ） ，第11条; centorbio在西西里岛（ 1590年） ， 18 （目前二，形成聚集美国玛丽亚德尼莫尔siciliae ） ;的“小奥古斯丁会士”的布，法国（长1593 ） ，第20条;的西班牙语，意大利语，法语和毕业典礼对discalced ，或赤脚，奥古斯丁会士（见下文） ，并聚集删除博斯科在西西里岛成立，在1818年有3修道院。
Among these reformed congregations, besides those of the Barefooted Augustinians, the most important was the German (Saxon) Congregation.在这些改革的毕业典礼，除了那些对赤脚奥古斯丁会士，最重要的是德语（撒克逊人）聚集。 As in Italy, Spain, and France, reforms were begun as early as the fifteenth century in the four German provinces existing since 1299.作为在意大利，西班牙，法国，改革的开始，早在十五世纪，在德国4个省的现有自1299年。 Johannes Zachariae, an Augustinian monk of Eschwege, Provincial of the Order from 1419-1427, and professor of theology at the University of Erfurt, began a reform in 1492.约翰内斯zachariae ，一奥古斯丁和尚的eschwege ，省，该命令从1419年至1427年，教授神学大学的爱尔福特，开始了改革在1492年。 Andreas Proles, prior of the Himmelpforten monastery, near Wernigerode, strove to introduce the reforms of Father Heinrich Zolter in as many Augustinian monasteries as possible.安德烈亚斯proles ，事先的himmelpforten修道院，近wernigerode ，竭力推行的改革，父亲海因里希zolter在许多奥古斯丁修道院尽可能。 Proles, aided by Father Simon Lindner of Nuremberg and other zealous Augustinians, worked indefatigably till his death, in 1503, to reform the Saxon monasteries, even calling in the assistance of the secular ruler of the country. proles ，资助由父亲西蒙Lindner公司的纽伦堡和其他热心的奥古斯丁会士，工作indefatigably到他死后，于1503年，改革撒克逊寺庙，甚至要求在协助世俗统治者的国家。 As the result of his efforts, the German, or Saxon, Reformed Congregation, recognized in 1493, comprised nearly all the important convents of the Augustinian Hermits in Germany.作为结果，他的努力下，德国，或撒克逊人，改革的聚集，承认在1493年组成，几乎所有重要的修道院的奥古斯丁隐士在德国。 Johann von Staupitz his successor, as vicar of the congregation, followed in his footsteps.约翰冯staupitz他的继任者，作为副主教的聚集，其次是在他的后尘。 Staupitz had been prior at Tübingen, then at Munich, and had taken a prominent part in founding the University of Wittenberg in 1502, where he became a professor of theology and the first dean of that faculty. staupitz已事先在蒂宾根大学，然后在慕尼黑，并已采取的一个突出的一部分，在建国大学的维滕贝格在1502年，他在那里成为一个教授神学和第一届院长表示，学院。 He continued to reform the order with the zeal of Proles, as well as in his spirit and with his methods.他继续以改革的顺序与热情proles ，以及在他的精神和与他的方法。 He collected the "Constitutiones fratrum eremitarum S. Aug. ad apostolicorum privilegiorum formam pro Reformatione Alemanniae", which were approved in a chapter held at Nuremberg in 1504.他收集的“ constitutiones fratrum eremitarum第8月。广告apostolicorum privilegiorum formam亲reformatione alemanniae ” ，其中获得批准的一章中举行的纽伦堡在1504年。 A printed copy of these is still to be seen in the university library of Jena.印刷复制这些仍是有待观察，在大学图书馆的耶拿。 Supported by the general of the order, Aegidius of Viterbo, he obtained a papal brief (15 March, 1506), granting independence under their own vicar-general to the reformed German congregations and furthermore, 15 December, 1507, a papal Bull commanding the union of the Saxon province with the German Congregation of the Regular Observants.支持由一般的一声令下，埃吉迪乌斯的维泰博，他获得了教皇简介（ 1506年3月15日） ，给予独立根据自己的副主教干事改革的教友和德国此外， 1507年12月15日，教皇牛市指挥联盟的撒克逊省与德国聚集经常observants 。 All the Augustinian convents of Northern Germany were, in accordance with this decree, to become parts of the regular observance.所有奥古斯丁修道院的德国北部人，在按照这项法令，成为部分经常遵守。 But when, in 1510, Staupitz commanded all the hermits of the Saxon province to accept the regular observance on pain of being punished as rebels, and to obey him as well as the general of the order, and, on 30 September, published the papal Bull at Wittenberg, seven convents refused to obey, among them that of Erfurt, of which Martin Luther was a member.但是，当，在1510年， staupitz指挥所有隐士的撒克逊省接受定期遵守对疼痛被处罚叛军，并听从他以及一般的秩序，并在9月30日，公布了教皇公牛在维滕贝格， 7修道院拒绝服从，其中包括他们的爱尔福特，其中马丁路德的一员。 In fact, Luther seems to have gone to Rome on this occasion as a representative of the rebellious monks.事实上，在路德似乎已经去了罗马这一次作为一个代表反叛的和尚。
In consequence of this appeal to Rome, the consolidation did not take place.在后果，这个上诉到罗马，巩固并没有发生。 Staupitz also continued to favour Luther even after this. staupitz还继续赞成路德，甚至后这一点。 They had become acquainted at Erfurt, during a visitation, and Staupitz was responsible for Luther's summons to Wittenberg in 1508; nay, even after 1517 he entertained friendly sentiments for Luther, looking upon his proceedings as being directed only against abuses.它们已成为认识在爱尔福特，在探视，并staupitz负责路德的传票维滕贝格在1508年;的NaY ，即使1517年后，他受理的友好情谊，为路德，看后，他的诉讼被指示不仅是对滥用的情况。 From 1519 on he gradually turned away from Luther.从1519年对他逐渐远离路德。 Staupitz resigned his office of vicar-general of the German congregations in 1520. staupitz辞去办公室的副主教秘书长的德国教会在1520年。 Father Wenzel Link, preacher at Nuremberg, former professor and dean of the theological faculty at Wittenberg, who was elected his successor, cast his lot with Luther, whose views were endorsed at a chapter of the Saxon province held in January, 1522, at Wittenberg.文策尔的父亲联系，布道者在纽伦堡，前教授和院长的神学系在维滕贝格，谁当选他的继任者，投了很多与路德，他们的意见，通过一章的撒克逊省在明年1月举行， 1522年，在维滕贝格。 In 1523 Link resigned his office, became a Lutheran preacher at Altenberg, where he introduced the Reformation and married, and went in 1528 as preacher to Nuremberg, where he died in 1547.在1523年辞职，链接他的办公室，成为信义传道者在altenberg ，在那里他介绍了改革与结婚，到在1528年作为布道者，以纽伦堡，在那里他在1547年去世。 The example of Luther and Link was followed by many Augustinians of the Saxon province, so that their convents were more and more deserted, and that of Erfurt ceased to exist in 1525.例如路德和纽带其次是许多奥古斯丁会士的撒克逊省，使他们的修道院被越来越多的被遗弃的，而且对爱尔福特不复存在，在1525年。 The German houses that remained faithful united with the Lombardic Congregation.德国的房子仍然是美国的忠实与隆巴尔迪奇聚集。 There were, however, many Augustinians in Germany who by their writings and their sermons opposed the Reformation.有，然而，许多奥古斯丁会士在德国谁，他们的著作和他们的说教反对改革。 Among them Bartholomäus Arnoldi of Usingen (d. 1532 at Würzburg), for thirty years professor at Erfurt and one of Luther's teachers, Johannes Hoffmeister (d. 1547), Wolfgang Cappelmair (d. 1531), and Konrad Treger (d. 1542).其中bartholomäus arnoldi的usingen （四1532年在维尔茨堡） ，为三十年教授在爱尔福特之一，路德的教师，约翰内斯hoffmeister （四1547 ） ，沃尔夫冈cappelmair （四1531 ） ，和康拉德treger （四1542 ） 。
THE DISCALCED AUGUSTINIANS该discalced奥古斯丁会士
(Sometimes called the Barefooted Augustinians, or Augustinian Recollects) More fortunate than that of the German (Saxon) province was the reform of the order begun in Spain in the sixteenth century, which extended thense to Italy and France. （有时被称为赤脚奥古斯丁会士，或奥古斯丁recollects ）比较幸运的，比的德国（撒克逊人）省是改革的顺序开始在西班牙在十六世纪，延长thense ，以意大利和法国。 The originator of this reform was Father Thomas of Andrada, afterwards called Thomas of Jesus.发端这项改革是父亲托马斯安德拉达，事后所谓的托马斯耶稣。 Born at Lisbon, in 1529, he entered the Augustinian Order in his fifteenth year.出生于里斯本，在1529年，他进入奥古斯丁，以便在他的第十五年。 Although aided in his efforts at reform by the Cardinal Infante Henry of Portugal, and his teacher, Louis of Montoya, his plans were impeded at first by the hesitation of his brethren, then by his captivity among the Moors (1578), on the occasion of the crusade of the youthful King Sebastian of Portugal, and lastly by his death in prison which took place on 17 April, 1582.虽然计算机辅助在他的改革努力，由枢机主教infante亨利葡萄牙，和他的老师，路易的蒙托亚，他的计划，阻碍了在第一所犹豫，他的兄弟，然后由他的囚禁，其中摩尔人（ 1578年） ，借该十字军东征的年轻国王塞巴斯蒂安的葡萄牙，最后由他在监狱中死亡，其中发生在1582年4月17日。 The celebrated poet and scholar Fray Luis Ponce de León (d. 1591), of the Augustinian monastery at Salamanca, took up the work of Thomas of Andrada.著名的诗人和学者fray路易斯庞塞德莱昂（四1591 ） ，该奥古斯丁修道院在萨拉曼卡，接手的工作，托马斯安德拉达。 Appointed professor of theology at the University of Salamanca in 1561, he undertook the revision of the constitutions of his order and in 1588 Father Díaz, with the support of Philip II, established at Talavera the first monastery of the Spanish Regular Observance.任命教授神学在萨拉曼卡大学在1561年，他答应修改宪法，以便他和父亲在1588年迪亚斯，支持下，与菲利浦二世，成立于塔拉维雅第一修道院，西班牙的经常遵守。 In a short time many new monasteries of Discalced Augustinians sprang up in Spain and were followed by others in the Spanish colonies.在很短的时间了许多新的寺庙的discalced奥古斯丁会士兴起在西班牙和随后由他人在西班牙的殖民地。 In 1606 Philip III sent some Discalced Augustinians to the Philippine Islands where, as early as 1565, Fray Andrés de Urdaneta, the well-known navigator and cosmographer (cf. "La Ciudad de Dios", 1902; "Die katholischen Missionen", 1880, pp. 4 sqq.), had founded the first mission station on the island of Cebú.在1606弘三，发送一些discalced奥古斯丁会士到菲律宾群岛的地方，早在1565年， fray安德烈斯德urdaneta ，著名航海家和cosmographer （参见“香格里拉城迪奥斯港” ， 1902 “ ;模具katholischen missionen ” ， 1880 ，第4 sqq ） ，成立了第一站的使命就在岛内的cebú 。 In a few years, many mission stations of the Discalced Augustinians sprang up in the principal places on the islands and developed a very successful missionary activity.在未来几年，许多使命监测站的discalced奥古斯丁会士兴起，在主要的地方，离岛和发展的一个非常成功的传教活动。 In 1622 Pope Gregory XV permitted the erection of a separate congregation for the Discalced, with its own vicar-general.在1622年罗马教皇格雷戈里十五准许竖立一个单独的聚集，为discalced ，与自己的副主教秘书长。 This congregation comprised four provinces: three in Spain and the Philippine province, to which was later added that of Peru.这个聚集组成的四个省份的：三，在西班牙和菲律宾省，而后来补充说，秘鲁的。 When the Discalced Augustinians in Spain were either put to death or obliged to flee, during the revolution of 1835, they continued to flourish in the Philippines and in South America.当discalced奥古斯丁会士在西班牙要么向死亡或被迫逃离，在革命的1835年，他们继续蓬勃发展，在菲律宾和在南美洲。
In Italy, Father Andrés Díaz introduced the reformed congregations in 1592, the first house being that of Our Lady of the Olives, at Naples, which was soon followed by others at Rome and elsewhere.在意大利，父亲安德烈斯迪亚斯介绍了改革教会在1592年，第一家就是我们的夫人的橄榄，在那不勒斯，这是随后由他人在罗马和其他地方。 As early as 1624 Pope Urban VIII permitted the division of the Italian congregations of Barefooted Augustinians into four provinces (later, nine).早在1624乌尔巴诺八允许的分工，意大利教会的赤脚奥古斯丁会士分为四个省（稍后， 9 ） 。 In 1626 a house of this congregation was founded at Prague and another at Vienna, in 1631, of which the celebrated Abraham a Sancta Clara was a member in the eighteenth century.在1626年一所房子的聚集，这是创建于布拉格和另一个在维也纳，在1631年，其中著名的石礼谦一sancta克拉拉是一个会员在十八世纪。 In France, Fathers François Amet and Matthew of St. Frances, of Villar-Benoit, completed the reform of the order in 1596.在法国，父亲弗朗索瓦amet和Matthew圣弗朗西斯，比利亚尔-贝努瓦，完成改革的顺序，在1596年。 The French Congregation of Discalced Augustinians comprised three provinces, of which all the houses were destroyed during the French Revolution.法国人聚集discalced奥古斯丁会士组成的三个省份，其中所有的房屋被摧毁，在法国大革命。 As the only convent of Calced Augustinian Hermits, St. Monica, at Nantes, is at present untenanted, there is now not a single Augustinian convent in France.作为唯一的修道院calced奥古斯丁隐士，圣莫尼卡，在南特，是目前untenanted ，现在不是一个单一的奥古斯丁修道院在法国。 The Italian Congregation of Discalced Augustinians in Italy possess seven houses, six in Italy and one in Austria (Schlusselburg, with a parish in the Diocese of Budweiss).意大利的聚集discalced奥古斯丁会士在意大利拥有7家，六在意大利，一个在奥地利（施吕瑟尔堡，与一堂，在教区budweiss ） 。 The chief house of this congregation is that of St. Nicholas of Tolentino in Rome (Via del Corso 45).行政众议院聚集，这是圣尼古拉的托伦蒂诺在罗马（通过删除corso 45 ） 。 Including the scattered members of the Spanish congregation in the Philippine Islands and South America, the Discalced Augustinians still number about 600 members.包括分散的成员对西班牙语聚集在菲律宾群岛和南美洲， discalced奥古斯丁会士的人数仍约有600名成员。 They are independent of the Augustinian general and are divided into two congregations, under two vicars-general.他们是独立的奥古斯丁和一般分为两个教区，根据二vicars秘书长。
Organization of the Order组织秩序
The Augustinian Hermits, while following the rule known as that of St. Augustine, are also subject to the Constitutions drawn up by Bl.该奥古斯丁隐士，而以下的规则被称为是圣奥古斯丁，也受到宪法制定了由基本法。 Augustinus Novellus (d. 1309), prior general of the order from 1298 to 1300, and by Bl.奥古斯丁诺（四1309年）之前，一般该命令从1298年至1300年，由基本法。 Clement of Osimo.克莱门特的osimo 。 The Rule and Constitutions were approved at the general chapter held at Florence in 1287 and at Ratisbon in 1290.法治和宪法获得批准，在一般章举行的佛罗伦斯，在1287年和拉蒂斯邦在1290年。 A revision was made at Rome in 1895.一修订是在罗马签署的在1895年。 The Constitutions have frequently been printed: at Rome, in 1581, and, with the commentary of Girolamo Seripando, at Venice, in 1549, and at Rome, in 1553.宪法经常被印刷：在罗马，在1581年，并与评吉罗拉莫seripando ，在威尼斯，在1549年，在罗马，在1553年。 The newly revised Constitutions were published at Rome in 1895, with additions in 1901 and 1907.新修订的宪法在罗马公布的1895年，并增加在1901年和1907年。
The government of the order is as follows: At the head is the prior general (at present, Tomás Rodríguez, a Spaniards), elected every six years by the general chapter.政府该命令如下：在头部是事先一般（目前，托马斯，罗德里格斯，西班牙人） ，当选为每六年由一般的篇章。 The prior general is aided by four assistants and a secretary, also elected by the general chapter.事先一般是由计算机辅助4助理和一名秘书，还选出了由一般的篇章。 These form the Curia Generalitia.这些形式教廷generalitia 。 Each province is governed by a provincial, each commissariate by a commissary general, each of the two congregations by a vicar-general, and every monastery by a prior (though the monastery of Alt-Brunn, in Moravia, is under an abbot) and every college by a rector.每个省，是由一个省，每commissariate由一个小卖部一般，每两个教区副主教由一名副秘书长，和每一个修道院的事先（虽然修道院的Alt + brunn ，在摩拉维亚，是根据一住持）和每个学院由校长。 The members of the order are divided into priests and lay brothers.成员的顺序分为牧师和奠定兄弟。 The Augustinians, like most religious orders, have a cardinal protector (at present, Mariano Rampolla del Tindaro).该奥古斯丁会士，最喜欢的宗教命令，有枢机主教保护者（目前，马里亚诺兰波拉删除tindaro ） 。 The choir and outdoor dress of the monks is of black woollen material, with long, wide sleeves, a black leather girdle, and a long pointed cowl reaching to the girdle.合唱团及户外着装的僧人是黑色羊毛素材，与长期，广泛的袖子，一个黑色皮革腰带，和一个长期指出， cowl深远的向腰带。 The indoor dress consists of a black habit with scapular.室内着装构成一个黑色的习惯，与肩胛骨。 In many monasteries white was formerly the colour of the house garment, also worn in public, in places where there were no Dominicans.在许多寺庙的前身是白颜色的内务服装，还佩戴在公众，在地方有没有多米尼加。 Shoes and (out of doors) a black hat complete the costume.鞋和（走出门）一个黑色的帽子，完成服装。
The Discalced Augustinians have their own constitutions, differing from those of the other Augustinians.该discalced奥古斯丁会士有自己的宪法，从这些不同的其他奥古斯丁会士。 Their fasts are more rigid, and their other ascetic exercises stricter.他们fasts较为僵化，他们的其他演习，严格的苦行。 They wear sandals, not shoes (and are therefore not strictly discalced).他们穿的凉鞋，而不是鞋（和，因此不能严格discalced ） 。 They never sing a high Mass. As an apparent survival of the hermit life, the Discalced Augustinians practise strict silence and have in every province a house of recollection situated in some retired place, to which monks striving after greater perfection can retire in order to practise severe penance, living only on water, bread, fruits, olive oil, and wine.他们从不唱高马萨诸塞州作为一个明显的生存的隐士的生活， discalced奥古斯丁会士执业，严格的沉默，并已在每省一所房子的回忆，坐落在一些退役的地方，而僧侣，争取更大的完善后可以退休，以便执业严重penance ，生活只对水，面包，水果，橄榄油，葡萄酒。
PRIVILEGES OF THE ORDER特权秩序
Privileges were granted to the order almost from its beginning.特权获得该命令的，几乎从一开始。 Alexander IV freed the order from the jurisdiction of the bishops; Innocent VIII, in 1490, granted to the churches of the order indulgences such as can only be gained by making the Stations at Rome; Pius V placed the Augustinians among the mendicant orders and ranked them next to the Carmelites.亚历山大四世释放，以便从管辖的主教;诺森八世，在1490年，批给教会的命令indulgences如只能得到使监测站在罗马;碧岳v放在奥古斯丁会士之间的mendicant命令和排名他们在明年向carmelites 。 Since the end of the thirteenth century the sacristan of the papal palace has always been an Augustinian.去年底以来的第十三个世纪教堂的教皇宫殿一直是奥古斯丁。 This privilege was ratified by Pope Alexander VI and granted to the order forever by a Bull issued in 1497.这项特权，批准了由罗马教皇亚历山大六世和批给，以便永远由牛市发出的在1497年。 The present holder of the office is Guglielmo Pifferi, titular Bishop of Porphyra, rector of the Vatican parish (of which the chapel of St. Paul is the parish church).目前持有该办公室是guglielmo pifferi ，名义上的主教，紫菜，校长，梵蒂冈堂（其中教堂是圣保禄教堂） 。 To his office also belongs the duty of preserving in his oratory a consecrated Host which must be renewed weekly and kept in readiness in case of the pope's illness, when it is the privilege of the papal sacristan to administer the last sacraments to His Holiness.到他的办公室也属于责任维护在他的小礼拜堂一consecrated东道国必须重新每周和存放在作好充分准备的情况下，教宗的病情，当它的特权，教皇教堂管理的最后圣礼他成圣。 The sacristan must always accompany the pope when he travels, and during a conclave it is he who celebrates Mass and administers the sacraments.该教堂必须始终陪伴教宗时，他旅行，并在秘密会议，这是他庆祝谁的质量和管理圣礼。 He lives in the Vatican with a sub-sacristan and three lay brothers of the order (cf. Rocca, "Chronhistoria de Apostolico Sacrario", Rome, 1605).他生活在同梵蒂冈的一个小组教堂和3名非法律界的兄弟，该命令（参见罗卡， “ chronhistoria德apostolico sacrario ” ，罗马， 1605年） 。 The Augustinian Hermits always fill one of the chairs of the Sapienza University, and one of the consultorships in the Congregation of Rites.该奥古斯丁隐士始终填补之一的椅子的Sapienza大学，和其中的consultorships在聚集仪式。
The work of the Augustinians includes teaching, scientific study, the cure of souls, and missions.工作的奥古斯丁会士，包括教学，科研研究，治愈心灵，和任务。 The history of education makes frequent mention of Augustinians who distinguished themselves particularly as professors of philosophy and theology at the great universities of Salamanca, Coimbra, Alcalá, Padua, Pisa, Naples, Oxford, Paris, Vienna, Prague, Würzburg, Erfurt, Heidelberg, Wittenberg, etc. Others taught successfully in the schools of the order.历史的教育，使经常提及奥古斯丁会士谁尊敬自己，尤其是作为教授，哲学和神学在伟大的萨拉曼卡大学，科英布拉， alcalá ，帕多瓦，比萨，那不勒斯，牛津，巴黎，维也纳，布拉格，维尔茨堡，爱尔福特，海德堡，维滕贝格等其他教授成功地在学校的秩序。 The order also controlled a number of secondary schools, colleges, etc. In 1685 the Bishop of Würzburg, Johann Gottfried II, of Guttenberg, confided to the care of the Augustinians the parish and the gymnasium of Munnerstadt in Lower Franconia (Bavaria), a charge which they still retain.该命令还控制了一些中学，高校等在1685年总主教的维尔茨堡，约翰戈特弗里德第二组， guttenberg ， confided ，以照顾的奥古斯丁会士堂和体育馆明纳施塔特在较低的法兰哥尼亚（巴伐利亚） ，负责他们仍然保留。 Connected with the monastery of St. Michael in that place is a monastic school, while the seminary directed by the Augustinians forms another convent, that of St. Joseph.与修道院圣米迦勒在那个地方是一个寺院的学校，而神指示由奥古斯丁会士形式的另一个修道院，也就是圣若瑟。 From 1698 to 1805 there existed an Augustinian gymnasium at Bedburg in the district of Cologne.从1698年至1805年存在着奥古斯丁体育馆bedburg在区科隆。 The order also possesses altogether fifteen colleges, academies, and seminaries in Italy, Spain, and America.该命令还拥有总共15学院，院校，和神学院在意大利，西班牙和美国。 The chief institutions of this kind in Spain are that at Valladolid and that in the Escorial.行政机构，这种在西班牙是在巴利亚多利德，并在该escorial 。 As a pedagogical writer, we may mention the general of the order Aegidius of Colonna, also called Aegidius Romanus, who died Archbishop of Bourges in 1316.作为一个教学作家，我们可能会提到的一般该命令的埃吉迪乌斯的科隆纳，也称为埃吉迪乌斯罗麦纳斯，谁死亡大主教布在1316年。 Aegidius was the preceptor of the French king, Philip IV, the Fair, at whose request he wrote the work "De regimine Principum".埃吉迪乌斯是preceptor的法国国王，弘四，公平，在其要求，他写道工作“时点regimine principum ” 。 (An extract from this book "on the care of parents for the education of their children" will be found in the "Bibliothek der katholischen Padagogik", Freiburg, 1904.) Jacques Barthélemy de Buillon, a French Augustinian exiled by the Revolution, fled to Munich and began the education of deaf and dumb children. （摘录自这本书“对照顾父母为子女的教育”会被发现，在“图书馆明镜katholischen教育学” ，弗赖堡， 1904 ） 。雅克barthélemy德buillon ，一名法国奥古斯丁由流亡海外的革命，逃离到慕尼黑，并开始教育的聋哑儿童。 Aegidius of Colonna was a disciple of St. Thomas Aquinas, and founded the school of theology known as the Augustinian, which was divided into an earlier and a later.埃吉迪乌斯的科隆纳是一个门徒圣托马斯阿奎那，并创办了学校的神学称之为奥古斯丁，这是分为早稍后。 Among the representatives of the earlier Augustinian school (or Aegidians), we may mention besides Aegidius himself (Doctor fundatissimus) Thomas of Strasburg (d. 1357), and Gregory of Rimini (d. 1358), both generals of the order, and Augustine Gibbon, professor at Würzburg (d. 1676).代表中较早的奥古斯丁学校（或aegidians ） ，我们可能会提到，除了埃吉迪乌斯自己（医生fundatissimus ）托马斯strasburg （四1357 ） ，格雷戈里的里米尼（四1358 ） ，都将领一声令下，和奥古斯丁长臂猿，教授在维尔茨堡（四1676 ） 。 The later Augustinian school of theology is represented by Cardinal Henry Noris (d. 1704), Fred.后来学校奥古斯丁神学是代表枢机主教亨利noris （四1704 ） ，李华明。 Nicholas Gavardi (d. 1715), Fulgentius Bellelli (d. 1742), Petrus Manso (d. after 1729), Joannes Laurentius Berti (d. 1766), and Michelangelo Marcelli (d. 1804).尼古拉斯gavardi （四1715 ） ，傅箴修bellelli （四1742 ） ，彼manso （四后， 1729年） ， joannes劳伦丘斯•贝迪（四1766 ） ，和米开朗基罗marcelli （四1804 ） 。 The following were notable theologians: James of Viterbo (Giacomo di Capoccio), Archbishop of Benevento and Naples (d. 1308), called Doctor speculativus; Alexander a S. Elpideo (also called Fassitelli or A. de Marchina) (d. 1326), Bioshop of Melfi; Augustinus Triumphus (d. 1328); Bartholomew of Urbino (also called de Carusis) (d. 1350), Bishop of Urbino; Henry of Friemar (d. 1354); Blessed Herman of Schildesche (Schildis, near Bielefeld) (d. 1357), called Doctor Germanus and Magnus legista; Giacomo Caraccioli (d. 1357); Simon Baringuedus (d. after 1373); Johann Klenkok (Klenke) (d. 1374), author of the "Decadicon", an attack upon the "Sachsenspiegel"; Johannes Zachariae (d. 1428), known for his controversy with John Hus at the Council of Constance and for his "Oratio de necessitate reformationis"; Paulus (Nicolettus) de Venetiis (d. 1429); Giovanni Dati (d. 1471); Ambrose of Cora (Corianus, Coriolanus) (d. 1485), general of the order after 1476; Thomas Pencket (d. 1487); Aegidius of Viterbo (d. 1532); Cosmas Damian Hortulanus (Hortola) (d. 1568); Caspar Casal (d. 1587), Bishop of Coimbra; Pedro Aragon (d. 1595); Giovanni Battista Arrighi (d. 1607); Gregorio Nuñez Coronel (d. 1620); Aegidius a Praesentatione Fonseca (d. 1626); Luigi Alberti (d. 1628); Basilius Pontius (d. 1629); Ludovicus Angelicus Aprosius (d. 1681); Nikolaus Gircken (d. 1717).有以下几个显着的神学家：詹姆斯维泰博（ “ Giacomo邸capoccio ） ，大主教贝和那不勒斯（四1308 ） ，所谓的医生speculativus ;亚历山大一第elpideo （也称为法西泰利或答：德marchina ） （四1326 ） ， bioshop的melfi ;奥古斯丁triumphus （四1328年） ;巴尔多禄茂的乌尔比诺（也称为德carusis ） （四1350 ） ，主教乌尔比诺;亨利friemar （四1354年） ;有福了赫尔曼的schildesche （ schildis ，近比勒费尔德） （四1357 ） ，所谓的医生germanus和思legista ; “ Giacomo caraccioli （四1357年） ;西蒙baringuedus （四后，第1373号决议） ;约翰klenkok （ klenke ） （四1374年） ，作者” decadicon “ ，一攻击后， “ sachsenspiegel ” ;约翰内斯zachariae （四1428 ） ，知道他的争议与约翰溶血尿毒综合症在安理会的康斯坦茨湖和他的“ address -德需要r eformationis” ;保禄（ n icolettus）由v enetiis（四1 429年） ;乔瓦尼dati （四1471年） ;刘汉铨的激进（ corianus ， coriolanus ） （四1485年） ，一般该命令后， 1476年;托马斯pencket （四1487年） ;埃吉迪乌斯的维泰博（四1532年） ;科斯马斯达米安hortulanus （奥尔托拉） （四1568年） ;卡斯帕casal （四1587 ） ，主教科英布拉;佩德罗阿拉贡（四1595年） ;艺术家乔万尼阿瑞吉（四1607年） ;格雷戈里奥nuñez coronel （四1620年） ;埃吉迪乌斯一praesentatione丰塞卡（四1626年） ;路易吉阿尔贝蒂（四1628年） ;乌斯pontius （四1629年） ;卢多维克斯安杰利卡斯aprosius （四1681年） ;尼古劳斯gircken （四1717 ） 。 Giovanni Michele Cavalieri (d. 1757) was a rubricist of note.乔瓦尼的Michele卡瓦列里（四1757年）是一个rubricist的注意。 Father Angelo Rocca, papal sacristan and titular Bishop of Tagaste (d. 1620), known for his luturgical and archaeological researches, was the founder of the Angelica Library (Bibliotheca Angelica), which was called after him and is now the public library of the Augustinians in Rome.父亲安杰洛罗卡，教皇的教堂和名誉主教塔加斯特（四1620 ） ，知道他luturgical和考古研究，是创始人之一，当归图书馆（图书馆当归） ，这是所谓的后，他和现在是公共图书馆的奥古斯丁会士在罗马。 Many Augustinians have written ascetic works and sermons.许多奥古斯丁会士有书面苦行工程和说教。 In the department of historical research the following are worthy of mention: Onofrio Panvini (d. 1568); Joachim Brulius (d. after 1652), who wrote a history of the colonization and Christianizing of Peru (Antwerp, 1615), also a history of China; Enrique Florez (d. 1773), called "the first historian of Spain", author of "Espana Sagrada"; and, lastly, Manuel Risco (d. 1801), author of a history of printing in Spain.在该部历史研究以下是值得一提： onofrio潘维尼（四1568年） ;约阿希姆brulius （四后， 1652年） ，谁写的历史，殖民化和christianizing秘鲁（安特卫普， 1615年） ，也是一个历史中国的;恩里克florez （四1773 ） ，所谓的“第一历史学家西班牙的” ，作者“西班牙sagrada ” ;最后，曼努埃尔risco （四1801年） ，作者的历史，印在西班牙。
To the missionaries of the order we owe many valuable contributions in linguistics.以传教士的命令，我们有责任许多有价值的贡献，在语言学。 Father Melchor de Vargas composed, in 1576, a cathechism in the Mexican Otomi language; Father Diego Basalenque (d. 1651) and Miguel de Guevara compiled works in the languages of the savage Matlaltzinkas of Mexico; Father Manuel Perez translated the Roman Cathechism into Aztec in 1723.父亲melchor德巴尔加斯组成，在1576年， cathechism在墨西哥otomi语言;父亲迭戈basalenque （四1651年）和Miguel德格瓦拉编纂工程，在语文的野蛮matlaltzinkas ，墨西哥;父亲曼努埃尔佩雷斯翻译罗马cathechism到阿兹台克在1723年。 Others have made researches in the languages of the Philippine Islands, such as Father Diego Bergano and, in more recent times, José Sequi (d. 1844), a prominent missionary of the order, who baptized 30,000 persons.其他的研究取得了在语文，菲律宾群岛，如父亲迭戈贝尔加诺，并在最近的时代，何塞塞奎（四1844年） ，一个突出的传教的一声令下，谁的洗礼， 3.0万人。 Many wrote grammars and compiled dictionaries.很多写的文法，并汇编成字典。 Father Herrera wrote a poetical life of Jesus in the Tagalog language in 1639.父亲埃雷拉写了诗的生命耶稣，在他加禄语的语言在1639年。 Fathers Martin de Hereda and Hieronymus penetrated into the interior of China in 1577, to study Chinese literature with the intention of bringing it into Europe.父亲马丁德hereda和海欧纳莫斯渗透到内部，中国在1577年，研究中国文学与意图，使其融入欧洲。 Father Antonius Aug. Georgius (d. 1797) composed the "Alphabetum Tibetanum" for the use of missionaries.父亲安当8月乔治乌斯（四1797 ）组成的“ alphabetum tibetanum ”为使用的传教士。 Father Agostino Ciasca (d. 1902), titular Archbishop of Larissa and cardinal, a prominent member of the order in recent times, established a special faculty for Oriental languages at the Roman Seminary, published an Arabic translation of Tatian's "Diatessaron" and wrote "Bibliorum Fragmenta Copto-Sahidica". Agostino神父恰斯卡（四1902年） ，名誉大主教拉里萨和枢机主教，一个突出的成员之一，为了在最近的时代，成立了一个特别学院东方语言在罗马神学院，出版的阿拉伯文翻译提安的“ diatessaron ” ，并写道： “ bibliorum fragmenta copto - sahidica “ 。 Father Dionysius of Borgo San Sepolcro (d. 1342), Bishop of Monopoli in Lower Italy, is the author of a commentary on the "Factorum et dictorum memorabilium libri IX" of Valerius Maximus, and was also much esteemed for his talents as poet, philosopher, and orator.父亲狄奥尼修斯的borgo新sepolcro （四1342 ） ，主教monopoli在较低的意大利，是作者的一篇评论就“ factorum等dictorum memorabilium图书九大” valerius鲆，并也有很多尊敬他的人才，作为诗人，哲学家和演说家。 The missionaries of the order have also given us valuable descriptive works on foreign countries and peoples.传教士的秩序也给了我们宝贵的描述性工程，对外国的国家和人民。 In this class of writing Cipriano Navarro's important work on "The Inhabitants of the Philippines" and a monumental work in six volumes entitled "La Flora de Filipinas" (Madrid, 1877--), are valuable contributions to literature and learning.在这一类的写作cipriano纳瓦罗的重要工作，关于“居民的菲律宾”和一个巨大的工作，在6卷，题为“香格里拉植物区系由菲籍” （马德里， 1877年-） ，是宝贵的贡献，文学和学习。 Manuel Blanco, Ignacio Mercado, Antonio Llanos, Andrés Naves, and Celestino Fernandez are also worthy of mention.曼纽尔布兰科，伊格纳西奥梅尔卡多，安东尼奥利亚诺斯，安德烈斯naves ， celestino费尔南德斯也值得一提的。 Fathers Angelo Perez and Cecilio Guemes published in 1905 a work in four volumes entitled "La Imprenta de Manila".父亲安杰洛佩雷斯和塞西略格梅斯发表于1905年的工作， 4卷，题为“香格里拉imprenta德马尼拉” 。
A number of mathematicians, astronomers, and musicians are also found among the members of the order, but it was the great scientist Johann Gregor Mendel, abbot of the monastery of St. Thomas at Alt-Brunn in Moravia (d. 1884) who shed glory on the Augustinian Order in recent times.一些数学家，天文学家，音乐家也发现，成员之间的秩序，但它是伟大的科学家约翰格雷戈尔•孟德尔，住持的修道院圣托马斯在按Alt - brunn在摩拉维亚（四1884 ）谁大棚荣耀，对奥古斯丁为了在最近的时代。 He was the discoverer of the Mendelian laws of heredity and hybridization (see under EVOLUTION; and GREGOR MENDEL).他是发现者的孟德尔遗传规律，遗传及杂交（见下的演变;格雷戈尔•孟德尔） 。 The value set upon learning and science by the Augustinian monks is proved by the care given to their libraries and by the establishment of their own printing-press in their convent at Nuremberg, in 1479, as well as by the numerous learned men produced by the order and still contributing valuable additions to knowledge.设定值后，学习和科学由奥古斯丁和尚是证明了照顾给他们的图书馆和建立自己的印刷媒体在他们的修道院，在纽伦堡，在1479年，以及由众多据悉，男子所产生的秩序和仍然贡献了宝贵的补充知识。 Father Tomás Cámaro y Castro (d. 1904), Bishop of Salamanca, founded a scientific periodical, "La Ciudad de Dios", formerly entitled "Revista Agustiniana", and published by the Augustinians at Madrid since 1881.父亲托马斯cámaro y卡斯特罗（四1904 ） ，主教萨拉曼卡，创立了科学期刊， “香格里拉城迪奥斯港” ，前题为“修订本agustiniana ” ，并出版了由奥古斯丁会士在马德里自1881年。 In Spain the order possesses besides several meteorological stations, the observatory of the Escorial.在西班牙的命令，除了拥有几个气象观测站，天文台的escorial 。 Among the Augustinian writers of the present time should be mentioned: Zacarías Martínez Nuñez, a celebrated Spanish orator and master of natural science; Honorato del Val, author of a great work on dogma; Aurelio Palmieri, one of the best authorities on the Russian language, literature, and church history.其中奥古斯丁作家目前的时间，值得一提的： zacarías马丁内斯nuñez ，著名的西班牙演说家和掌握自然科学的;奥诺拉托删除val ，作者是一个伟大的工作教条;奥雷利奥帕尔米耶里，其中一个最好的当局对俄语语言，文学，和教会的历史。
The Augustinian Order has devoted itself from its beginning, with great zeal to the cure of souls.该奥古斯丁秩序，致力于从一开始，以极大的热情，到治愈的灵魂。 Only those engaged in teaching and inmates of the houses of recollection, among the Discalced, are exempt from the obligation to this duty, to follow which the order, though retaining its name Hermits, exchanged the contemplative life for the active.只有那些从事教学和囚犯的房子回忆，其中discalced ，获豁免的义务，这项义务，按照该命令，但保留其名称隐士，交换了沉思的生活，为活跃。 Seeing the good done by the Friars Minor and the Dominicans, they wished to share in the harvest, undertaking to preach and instruct the people.看到良好的工作由friars轻微和多米尼加人，他们希望分享在收获，承诺公开传教和指示的人。 Augustinians became the confessors and advisers of popes, princes, and rulers.奥古斯丁会士，成为confessors和顾问的教皇，王子，和统治者。 Many became bishops, several cardinals, exercising these offices for the good of the Church and the honour of their order.许多成为主教，枢机主教的几个，行使这些办事处的良好的教会和荣幸，他们秩序。 At present the order has a cardinal, Sebastiano Martinelli (formerly Apostolic delegate for the United States), several bishops--Guglielmo Pifferi (see above); Stephen Reville, Bishop of Sandhurst in Australia; Arsenio Campo y Monasterio, Bishop of Nueva Cáceres in the Philippine Islands; Giovanni Camilleri, Bishop of Gozzo; José López de Mendoza y Garcia, Bishop of Pampeluna, Spain; Giuseppe Capecci, Bishop of Alessandria in Italy; Francisco Xavier Valdés y Noriega, Bishop of Salamanca; William A. Jones, Bishop of Porto Rico; the Vicars Luis Perez of Northern Hu-nan (China) and Dominic Murray, Cooktown, Australia; the Prefect Apostolic (Paulino Díaz Alonso) of San León de Amazonas--and, finally, two mitred abbots.目前，为了有一个枢机主教，塞巴斯马蒂内（原使徒代表美国） ，几个主教-g uglielmop ifferi（见上文） ;斯蒂芬R eville） ，主教桑赫斯特在澳大利亚; a rsenio坎普y m onasterio，主教的新国家在卡塞雷斯（ C áceres）菲律宾群岛;乔瓦尼瑞利，主教gozzo ;何塞洛佩斯德门多萨y加西亚，主教pampeluna ，西班牙;朱塞佩卡佩奇，主教亚历山德里亚，在意大利;弗朗西斯科哈维尔巴尔德斯y诺列加，主教萨拉曼卡;威廉答：琼斯，主教波尔图波多黎各; vicars路易斯佩雷斯北部的胡楠（中国）和星美利， cooktown ，澳大利亚;长官使徒（保迪亚斯阿隆索）的新莱昂州德亚马孙-和，最后，两个m itreda bbots。
The order has produced many saints, for example, Sts.该命令产生了许多圣人，举例来说， STS的。 Nicholas of Tolentino (d. 1305), John of Sahagún (a Sancto Facundo) (d. 1479), and Thomas of Villanova (d. 1555).尼古拉斯的托伦蒂诺（四1305 ） ，约翰sahagún （一sancto facundo ） （四1479 ） ，和托马斯的维拉诺瓦（四1555 ） 。 Stefano Bellesini (d. 1840), the Augustinian parish priest of Genazzano, in the Roman province, was beatified by Pius X, 27 December, 1904.史蒂法诺贝莱西尼（四1840 ） ，奥古斯丁本堂司铎的杰纳扎诺，在罗马省，是由真福庇护X的1904年12月27日。 The process for the beatification of seven Augustinians, among them the papal sacristan Bartolommeo Menochio (d. 1827), is under consideration.过程中为封7奥古斯丁会士，其中包括教皇教堂bartolommeo menochio （四1827年） ，正在审议之中。
As to the devotional practices specially connected with the Augustinian Order, and which it has striven to propagate, we may mention the veneration of the Blessed Virgin under the title of "Mother of Good Counsel", whose miraculous picture is to be seen in the Augustinian church at Genazzano in the Roman province.作为向devotional做法，特别是与奥古斯丁秩序，它一直努力宣传，我们可能会提到的崇拜之美属维尔京的标题下的“妈妈好律师” ，其神奇的图片是要看到，在奥古斯丁教会在杰纳扎诺在罗马省。 This devotion has spread to other churches and countries, and confraternities have been formed to cultivate it.这奉献精神已蔓延到其他教会和国家，和confraternities已形成培养。 Several periodicals dedicated to the honour of Our Lady of Good Counsel are published in Italy, Spain, and Germany by the Augustinians (cf. Meschler on the history of the miraculous picture of Genazzano in "Stimmen aus Maria-Laach", LXVII, 482 sqq.).几个期刊，专责的荣誉，我们夫人好律师，现刊载于意大利，西班牙，和德国由奥古斯丁会士（参见meschler就的历史，神奇的图片杰纳扎诺在“ stimmen澳元玛丽亚- laach ” ， lxvii ， 482 sqq ） 。 Besides this devotion the order fosters the Archconfraternity of Our Lady of Consolation, a so-called girdle confraternity, the members of which wear a blessed girdle of black leather in honour of Sts.此外，这奉献的秩序促进archconfraternity我们的夫人安慰，即所谓的腰带confraternity ，成员，其中穿的祝福带黑色皮革在荣幸的STS 。 Augustine, Monica, and Nicholas of Tolentino, recite daily thirteen Our Fathers and Hail Marys and the Salve Regina, fast strictly on the eve of the feast of St. Augustine, and receive Holy Communion on the feasts of the three above-named saints.奥古斯丁，莫尼卡，和尼古拉斯的托伦蒂诺，背诵，每天13我们的父辈和冰雹marys和salve里贾纳，快速，严格对前夕的节日圣奥古斯丁，并获得神圣的共融上节的上述三个命名为圣人。 This confraternity was founded by Pope Eugene IV at S. Giacomo, Bologna, in 1439, made an archconfraternity by Gregory XIII, in 1575, aggregated to the Augustinian Order, and favoured with indulgences.这confraternity成立由罗马教皇尤金四，在美国“ Giacomo ，博洛尼亚，在1439年，作出了archconfraternity由格雷戈里十三，在1575年，汇集到奥古斯丁秩序，并赞成与indulgences 。 The Augustinians, with the approbation of Pope Leo XIII, also encourage the devotion of the Scapular of Our Lady of Good Counsel and the propagation of the Third Order of St. Augustine for the laity, as well as the veneration of St. Augustine and his mother St. Monica, in order to instil the Augustinian spirit of prayer and self-sacrifice into their parishioners.该奥古斯丁会士，与认同教宗利奥十三，还鼓励奉献的肩胛我们的夫人好律师和繁殖的第三秩序的圣奥古斯丁为俗人，以及作为崇拜的圣奥古斯丁和他的母亲圣莫尼卡，在以灌输奥古斯丁的精神，祈祷和自我牺牲精神纳入其教区。
The Augustinians hold an honourable place in the history of foreign missions.该奥古斯丁会士举行各位的地方，在历史上外国使团。 Before the middle of the fourteenth century, Father Nikolaus Teschel (d. 1371), auxiliary Bishop of Ratisbon, where he died, with some brethren preached the Gospel in Africa.中之前14世纪，父亲尼古劳斯teschel （四1371 ） ，辅理主教拉蒂斯邦，他在那里死亡，与一些兄弟宣扬福音是在非洲。 In 1533, after the subjugation of Mexico by Cortez, some Augustinians, sent by St. Thomas of Villanova, accomplished great missionary work in that country.在1533年后，征服墨西哥由科特斯，一些奥古斯丁会士，发出的圣托马斯的维拉诺瓦，完成了伟大的传教工作在该国。 Monasteries sprang up in the principal places and became the centers of Christianity, art, and civilization.寺庙兴起，在主要的地方，成为中心的基督教，艺术和文明。 The Patio (Cloister) of the former monastery of St. Augustine, now the post office, at Querétaro, is one of the most beautiful examples of stone-carving in America.该天井（回廊）前修道院的圣奥古斯丁，现在邮政局，在克雷塔罗，是其中一个最美丽的例子，石雕刻在美国。 The Augustinian monasteries in Mexico are today either deserted or occupied by a few fathers only; some even only by one.该奥古斯丁修道院在墨西哥今天要么被遗弃的或占领的几个父亲只;有的甚至只有1 。 The Provincia Michoacanensis (see above, Present Condition) at present has about 55 members, while the Provincia Mexicana has 31, most of whom are priests.有关省michoacanensis （见上文，目前的情况）目前有大约55位议员，而省墨西哥有31 ，其中大多数是神父。 Augustinian missionaries extended their labours to South America (Colombia, Venezuela, Peru) with great success.奥古斯丁传教士延长他们的劳动南美洲（哥伦比亚，委内瑞拉，秘鲁）与巨大的成功。 Political events in these countries prevented the order from prospering and hindered the success of its undertakings, so that in course of time the monasteries became deserted.政治事件，在这些国家阻止该命令从繁荣和阻碍成功的事业，以便在过程中，当时的寺庙，成为被遗弃的。 Late events in the Philippine Islands, however, have permitted the Augustinians to return to their former churches and monasteries and even to found new ones.已故的事件在菲律宾群岛，不过，已批准该奥古斯丁会士返回其前的教堂和修道院，甚至发现新的。 In the Republic of Colombia, 26 members of the Philippine province are employed, including 6 at the residence of Santa Fe de Bogota, 8 in the college at Facatativa, and 12 at other stations.在哥伦比亚共和国， 26名委员菲省是受雇于，其中包括6日在官邸圣菲波哥大， 8月在该学院在facatativa ，并在其他12个监测站。 In Peru 49 members of the same province are employed: 14 priests and 2 lay brothers belonging to the convent at Lima; 12 priests to the college in the same city; 6 in each of the two seminaries at Cuzco and Ayacucho.在秘鲁的49位委员的同一省是受雇于： 14神职人员和2奠定兄弟属于修道院在利马; 12司铎学院在同一城市;六日在每两个神在库斯科和阿亚库乔。 In the Prefecture Apostolic of San León de Amazonas, at the mission stations of Peba, Río Tigre, and Leticia in the territory of the Iquito Indians there are 9 priests.在县使徒圣莱昂德亚马孙，在特派团站peba ，里奥蒂格雷，莱蒂西亚在该领土的iquito印度人有9个神父。 In June, 1904, Father Bernardo Calle, the lay brother, Miguel Vilajoli, and more than 70 Christians, were murdered at the recently erected mission station, Huabico, in Upper Maranon and the station itself was destroyed.今年6月， 1904年，父亲贝尔纳calle ，奠定兄弟，米格尔vilajoli ，和70多基督徒，被杀害在最近竖立的使命站， huabico ，在上maranon和车站本身被摧毁。 The Augustinian settlements in Brazil also belong to the Philippine province.该定居点的奥古斯丁在巴西也属于菲省。 In the procuration house at S. Paulo (Rua Apeninos 6) and in the college at Brotas there are 4 Augustinians each; in the diocesan seminary at S. José de Manaos, 6; and in the other settlements, 27 priests--in all, 42 members of the order, including one lay brother.在卖淫众议院在圣保罗（街apeninos 6 ）及在该学院在布罗塔斯有4奥古斯丁会士，每个人;教区修院在美国何塞德manaos ，六;而在其他定居点， 27日祭司-在所有， 42位委员的命令，其中包括奠定兄弟。 In Argentina, there are 25 priests and two lay brothers in the six colleges and schools of the order.在阿根廷，有25名神父和两名业外人士兄弟在六个学院和学校的秩序。 In Ecuador, which forms a province by itself, there are 21 members of the order; 9 priests and 7 lay brothers in the monastery at Quito; 3 priests in the convent at Latagun and 2 in that at Guayaquil.在厄瓜多尔，其中的一个省，形式本身，有21个成员的秩序; 9神父和7奠定兄弟在宝莲寺在基多;三月神父在修道院在latagun和第2款在这方面在瓜亚基尔。 The province of Chile has 56 members, including 18 lay brothers; 11 at Santiago, 4 at La Serena, 5 at Concepción, 22 at Talca, 8 at San Fernando, 4 at Melipilla, and 2 in the residence at Picazo.省智利有56个成员，其中包括18名奠定兄弟; 11日在圣地亚哥， 4日在拉塞雷纳， 5月在康塞普西翁， 22日在塔尔卡， 8日在圣费尔南多， 4日在梅利皮亚，二，在居住在picazo 。 The province of the United States of America is very large, as the Augustinians driven out of many European countries in 1848 sought refuge in that republic.省美利坚合众国是非常大，作为奥古斯丁会士赶出许多欧洲国家在1848年寻求庇护，在该共和国。 This province now numbers 200 members.这个省现在的人数200名成员。 The largest convent is at Villanova, Pa.; it is also the novitiate for North America, and among the 117 religious occupying the convent 21 are priests (see above, Present Condition).最大的修道院是在维拉诺瓦，宾夕法尼亚州，它也是novitiate为北美洲，其中117宗教占领修道院21岁的司铎（见上文，目前的条件） 。 The other convents contain 60 members, of whom 5 are lay brothers.其他修道院包含60名成员组成，其中5奠定兄弟。 To the province of the United States belongs also St. Augustine's College at Havana, Cuba, where there are 5 priests and 3 lay brothers.向省，美国也属于圣奥古斯丁的高校在哈瓦那，古巴，那里有5个牧师和3奠定兄弟。
The greatest missionary activity of the Augustinian Order has been displayed in the Philippine Islands, and the first missionaries to visit these islands were Augustinians.最大的传教活动的奥古斯丁的订单已显示在菲律宾群岛，和第一传教士访问这些岛屿被奥古斯丁会士。 When Magalhaes discovered the Philippines (16 March, 1521) and took possession of them in the name of the King of Spain, he was accompanied by the chaplain of the fleet, who preached the Gospel to the inhabitants, baptizing Kings Colambu and Siagu and 800 natives of Mindanao and Cebú, on Low Sunday, 7 April, 1521.马加良斯时，发现菲律宾（ 1521年3月16日） ，并藏在他们的名称，西班牙国王，他是伴随着由牧师的舰队，谁宣扬福音的居民， baptizing国王colambu和siagu和800当地人的棉兰老岛和cebú ，对低周日， 1521年4月7日。 The good seed, however, was soon almost destroyed; Magalhaes was killed in a fight with natives on the little island of Mactan on 27 April and the seed sown by the first Spanish missionaries all but perished; nor were those missionaries brought from Mexico in 1543 by Ruy López Villalobos more successful, for they were obliged to return to Europe by way of Goa, having gained very little hold on the islanders.良好的种子，但是，很快，几乎摧毁了;马加良斯被打死，在争取与当地人对小岛屿的麦克坦4月27日和种子播下了由第一西班牙传教士所有，但灭亡了，也不是那些传教士带来的是从墨西哥在1543年由ruy洛佩斯比利亚洛沃斯更成功，因为他们被迫返回到欧洲的方式，果阿，获得了很少的举行对岛民。 Under the Adelantado Legaspi who in 1565 established the sovereignty of Spain in the Philippines and selected Manila as the capital in 1571, Father Andrés de Urdaneta and 4 other Augustinians landed at Cebú in 1565, and at once began a very successful apostolate.根据阿德兰塔多黎牙实谁在1565年成立的主权，西班牙在菲律宾的马尼拉和选定为首都，在1571年，父亲安德烈斯德urdaneta和4名其他奥古斯丁会士降落在cebú在1565年，并在一旦开始一个非常成功的使徒。 The first houses of the Augustinians were established at Cebú, in 1565, and at Manila, in 1571.第一家的奥古斯丁会士成立了cebú ，在1565年，在马尼拉，在1571年。 In 1575, under the leadership of Father Alfonso Gutierez, twenty-four Spanish Augustinians landed in the islands and, with the provincials Diego de Herrera and Martin de Rado, worked very successfully, at first as wandering preachers.在1575年的领导下，父亲阿方gutierez ， 2004年西班牙奥古斯丁会士降落在该群岛，并与provincials迭戈德埃雷拉和马丁德rado ，工作非常成功，在第一，作为流浪的传教士。 The Franciscans first appeared in the Philippines in 1577 and were warmly welcomed by the Augustinians.方济会最早出现在菲律宾，在1577年和热烈欢迎，由奥古斯丁会士。 Soon they were joined by Dominicans and Jesuits.很快，他们加入了多米尼加和耶稣会士。 Sent by Philip III, the first Barefooted Augustinians landed in 1606.发送弘三，第一赤脚奥古斯丁会士降落在1606年。 All these orders shared in the labours and difficulties of the missions.所有这些命令共享，在劳动力和困难的任务。 Protected by Spain, they prospered, and their missionary efforts became more and more successful.保护西班牙，他们的繁荣，和他们的传教努力成为越来越多的成功。 In 1773 the Jesuits, however, were obliged to give up their missions in consequence of the suppression of the Society.在1773年耶稣会士，不过，不得不放弃他们的任务，后果镇压社会。 The religious orders have suffered much persecution in the Philippines in recent times, especially the Augustinians.宗教令，饱受迫害，在菲律宾，在最近的时代，特别是奥古斯丁会士。 In 1897 the Calced Augustinians, numbering 319 out of 644 religious then in the Philippine province, had charge of 225 parishes, with 2,377,743 souls; the Discalced (Recollects), numbering about 220, with 233 parishes and 1,175,156 souls; the Augustinians of the Philippine province numbered in all 522, counting those in the convents at Manila, Cavite, San Sebastian, and Cebú, those at the large model farm at Imus, and those in Spain at the colleges of Monteagudo, Marcilla, and San Millan de la Cogulla.在1897年该calced奥古斯丁会士，编号319出644宗教，然后在菲省，曾负责225堂，与2377743的灵魂; discalced （ recollects ） ，编号220 ，与233个教区和1175156的灵魂;奥古斯丁会士的菲律宾省编号，在所有522 ，计数这些，在修道院在马尼拉， Cavite的，圣塞巴斯蒂安，和cebú ，那些在大型示范农场，在格局，和那些在西班牙在学院monteagudo ，马尔西利亚，及新密德香格里拉cogulla 。 Besides the numerous parishes served by the Calced Augustinians, they possessed several educational institutions: a superior and intermediate school at Vigan (Villa Fernandina) with 209 students, an orphanage and trade school at Tambohn near Manila, with 145 orphans, etc. In consequence of the disturbances, the schools and missions were deserted; six fathers were killed and about 200 imprisoned and sometimes harshly treated.除了众多的教区服务，由calced奥古斯丁会士，他们拥有数个教育机构：上级和中级学校在维岗（别墅fernandina ）与209的学生，一个孤儿院和贸易学校在tambohn马尼拉附近，与145名孤儿，在等的后果骚乱，学校和使命，被遗弃; 6父亲被打死，约200名被监禁的，有时严厉的对待。 Those who escaped unmolested fled to the principal house at Manila, to Macao, to Han-kou, to South America, or to Mexico.这些谁逃脱unmolested逃到主要众议院在马尼拉，澳门，韩扣，到南美洲，或到墨西哥。 Up to the beginning of 1900, 46 Calced and 120 Discalced Augustinians had been imprisoned.到1900年初， 46 calced和120 discalced奥古斯丁会士被监禁。 Upon their release, they returned to the few monasteries still left them in the islands or set out for Spain, Colombia, Peru, Brazil, Argentina and China.后释放他们，他们返回后的几个寺庙仍然留下他们在该群岛或订出西班牙，哥伦比亚，秘鲁，巴西，阿根廷和中国。 The province of the United States sent some members to supply the vacancies in the Philippines.省美国发出一些成员供应的空缺，在菲律宾。