The word atonement, constructed from at and one, means "to set at one" or "to reconcile."字赎罪，兴建从在和一，指“定于一”或“调和” 。 In Christian theology, atonement denotes the doctrine of the reconciliation of God and man accomplished by the crucifixion and death of Jesus Christ.在基督教神学，赎罪是指学说的和解上帝和人所完成在十字架上死亡的耶稣基督。 There have been three major theories of atonement: the ransom theory, the Anselmian theory, and the Abelardian theory.有三个重大理论赎罪：赎金的理论， anselmian理论和abelardian理论。 The ransom theory, first propounded by Origen (c.185-254), was developed from Mark 10:45 and explained the atonement as a price paid by God in Christ to the devil.赎金的理论，首先提出的奥利（ c.185 - 254 ） ，是发达国家从10时45马克，并解释赎罪作为一个所付出的代价上帝在基督里，以魔鬼。 Saint Anselm (c.1033-1109) explained the atonement as an act of satisfaction paid by Christ as man to God, who demanded from man perfect obedience to the law, which he could not fulfill because of his sinfulness.圣安瑟伦（ c.1033 - 1109年）解释，赎罪的一种行为的满意度所付出的基督为男子向上帝，谁要求从男子完善服从法律，他不能履行，因为他的罪孽。 The exemplarist theory of Peter Abelard (1079-1142) viewed Christ's death as an inspiring appeal of love evoking in the sinner a response of love, thus removing his sin.该exemplarist理论彼得阿贝拉尔（ 1079年至1142年）认为，基督的死作为一个鼓舞人心的呼吁，引起爱，在罪人回应的爱情，从而消除他的罪过。
Martin Luther, John Calvin, and other Reformers developed the Anselmian theory in the direction of penal substitution.马丁路德，约翰卡尔文，和其他改革者的发展anselmian理论在方向刑法替代。 Liberal theologians have reverted to an Abelardian type of explanation.自由神学家已回复到1 abelardian类型的解释。 Gustav Aulen and other Swedish theologians have recently advocated a return to the ransom theory conceived in terms of victory over the powers of evil.古斯塔夫aulen和其他瑞典神学家最近主张返回到赎金的理论构思的条款胜利，权力的邪恶。
In Jewish theology, stress is placed on personal acts of atonement; vicarious atonement is given little importance (see also Yom Kippur).在犹太神学，强调的是，放置在个人的行为赎罪;替代赎罪是很少的重要性（也见赎罪日） 。
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Bibliography
参考书目
Dillistone,
Frederick W., The Christian Understanding of Atonement (1968); Feenstra, R., and
Plantinga, C., Trinity, Incarnation, and Atonement (1990); Hengel, Martin, The
Atonement, trans. dillistone ，冯检瓦特，基督教的了解，赎罪（ 1968年） ;芬斯特拉， r.
，柏庭，长，三位一体，化身，和赎罪（ 1990年） ;亨格尔，李柱铭，赎罪，跨。 by John Bowden (1981); White, Vernon,
Atonement and Incarnation (1991).由约翰鲍登（ 1981年） ;白，弗农，赎罪和化身（ 1991年）
。
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