In the Bible, apostle is a title conferred on one sent with a message.在圣经中，使徒是一个标题所赋予的一发出一个讯息。 The term is applied primarily to the original Twelve called by Jesus to accompany him during his ministry (Matt. 10:2-4; Mark 3:16-19; Luke 6:13-16).任期是应用，主要是原来的12所谓的耶稣陪同他在他的部（ matt. 10:2-4 ;马克3:16-19 ;路加福音6:13-16 ） 。 In the Gospels, other followers are called disciples.在福音书，其他的追随者是所谓的弟子。 The title was gradually extended to others such as Paul and Barnabas (Acts 14:14; Rom. 9:1, 11:13); when this occurred, the Twelve were distinguished from all the apostles, as in 1 Corinthians 15:5-7.标题是逐步扩展至其他如保罗和巴拿巴（行为14时14分;光碟。 9时01分， 11时13分） ;当此事件发生后， 12人区别于所有使徒，因为在哥林多前书15点05分- 7 。
Most of the Twelve were from the laboring class, with the exception of Matthew, a tax collector.大部分的12人来自劳动阶级的，除马修，收税。 None was from the religious sector of Jewish society.没有从宗教部门的犹太社会。 Peter, James (the Greater), and John formed an inner circle closest to Jesus; Judas Iscariot betrayed him, and Matthias was selected to replace Judas (Acts 1:16).黄匡源，詹姆斯（更大） ，和约翰形成了一个小圈子最接近耶稣; iscariot犹大出卖了他，和马提亚被选为以取代犹大（行为1时16分） 。 The others were Andrew, Philip, Bartholomew, Thomas, James (the Lesser), Simon, and Thaddeus (Jude).其他人郑家富，弘，巴尔多禄茂，托马斯，詹姆斯（较小） ，西蒙，和项（裘德） 。
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Bibliography
参考书目
Brownrigg, R.,
The Twelve Apostles (1974); Guthrie, D., The Apostles (1974); Huxhold, HN,
Twelve Who Followed (1987); Ruffin, CB, The Twelve (1984). brownrigg ， r.
，十二使徒（ 1974年） ;龙谷史列，四，使徒（ 1974年） ; huxhold ，环， 12其次是谁（ 1987年） ;鲁芬号， CB ， 12 （
1984年） 。
The biblical use of "apostle" is almost entirely confined to the NT, where it occurs seventy-nine times: ten in the Gospels, twenty-eight in Acts, thirty-eight in the epistles, and three in the Apocalypse.圣经使用“使徒”几乎完全是限于新台币，在那里发生的79倍： 10在福音， 2008年在行为， 38 ，在书信，并在三个启示。 Our English word is a transliteration of the Greek apostolos, which is derived from apostellein, to send.我们的英文单词是一个音译，希腊的Apostolos ，这是来自apostellein ，发送。 Whereas several words for send are used in the NT, expressing such ideas as dispatch, release, or dismiss, apostellein emphasizes the elements of commission, authority of and responsibility to the sender.而数字传送使用，在NT中，表达这种想法，作为调度，发布，或辞退， apostellein强调的要素委员会，权力和责任给寄件者。 So an apostle is properly one sent on a definite mission, in which he acts with full authority on behalf of the sender and is accountable to him.因此，使徒是妥善一发出的一个明确的使命，他在其中的行为，具有充分权力的名义发送，并交代他。
The noun occurs only once in the LXX.名词只发生一次是在lxx 。 When the wife of Jeroboam came to Ahijah seeking information about the health of her son, the prophet answered, "I am sent unto thee with heavy tidings" (I Kings 14:6).当妻子jeroboam来ahijah ，要求提供有关健康，她的儿子，先知回答说： “我发出所不欲，你沉重的福音” （我国王14时06分） 。 Here apostolos renders the Hebrew saluah, which became a somewhat technical term in Judaism.这里的Apostolos令希伯来语saluah ，成为一个有点技术术语，在犹太教。 A saluah could be one who led the synagogue congregation in worship and thus represented it, or a representative of the Sanhedrin sent on official business. 1 saluah可以是一个谁主导的犹太教堂聚集在崇拜，从而代表，或代表该sanhedrin发出的公务。 The priesthood was included under this term also, and a few outstanding personalities of OT story who acted strikingly on God's behalf.神职人员被列入下，这个词亦，和几个杰出人物的故事，职能治疗谁采取行动，突出对上帝的代表。 But in no case did the saluah operate beyond the confines of the Jewish community.但在任何情况下不saluah运作，超越局限的犹太社区。 So there is no anticipation in the Saluah of the missionary emphasis associated with the NT apostolos.所以没有预期，在saluah的传教的重点与新台币的Apostolos 。
The number twelve recalls the twelve tribes of Israel, but the basis of leadership is no longer tribal, but personal and spiritual.人数12回顾12部落，以色列，但基础的领导不再是部落，但个人和精神。 Evidently the college of apostles was regarded as fixed in number, for Jesus spoke of twelve thrones in the coming age (Matt. 19:28; cf. Rev. 21:14).显然，学院的门徒，被视为固定的数量，耶稣谈到12 thrones在未来的年龄（ matt. 19时28分;比照牧师21时14分） 。 Judas was replaced by Matthias (Acts 1), but after that no effort was made to select men to succeed those who were taken by death (Acts 12:2).犹大是取代马提亚（行为1 ） ，但之后没有作出努力，以专责的男子成功的那些谁被带到死刑（行为12时02分） 。
Apostles receive first mention in the lists of spiritual gifts (I Cor. 12:28; Eph. 4:11).使徒收到第一次提及在名单的精神礼物（我肺心病。 12时28分;以弗所书4时11分） 。 Since these gifts are bestowed by the risen Christ through the Spirit, it is probable that at the beginning of the apostolic age these men who had been appointed by Jesus and trained by him were now regarded as possessing a second investiture to mark the new and permanent phase of their work for which the earlier phase had been a preparation.由于这些礼物是恩赐复活的基督通过的精神，很可能在开始的使徒，这些男子的年龄谁已经任命了由耶稣和训练有素的由他现在被视为拥有第二investiture标志新和永久第一阶段他们的工作，其中的早期阶段已准备。 They became the foundation of the church in a sense secondary only to that of Christ himself (Eph. 2:20).他们成为的基础，教会在一定意义上中学不仅是基督本人（以弗所书2时20分） 。
The duties of the apostles were preaching, teaching, and administration.的职责，传道人的说教，教学和管理。 Their preaching rested on their association with Christ and the instruction received from him, and it included their witness to his resurrection (Acts 1:22).他们的说教，就在于他们的协会与基督和指示，收到了他，其中包括他们的见证他的复活（行为1时22分） 。 Their converts passed immediately under their instruction (Acts 2:42), which presumably consisted largely of their recollection of the teaching of Jesus, augmented by revelations of the Spirit (Eph. 3:5).他们通过转换立即根据他们的指示（行为2时42分） ，其中假设主要是他们记忆中的教学耶稣，增加了启示的精神（以弗所书3时05分） 。 In the area of administration their functions were varied.在该地区的行政职能各有不同。 Broadly speaking, they were responsible for the life and welfare of the Christian community.大致来说，他们负责的生活和福利的基督教社区。 Undoubtedly they took the lead in worship as the death of Christ was memorialized in the Lord's Supper.毫无疑问，他们率先在崇拜作为死亡的基督是纪念在上帝的晚餐。 They administered the common fund to which believers contributed for the help of needy brethren (Acts 4:37), until this task became burdensome and was shifted to men specially chosen for this responsibility (Acts 6:1-6).他们管理的共同基金，以信徒的贡献，为帮助有需要的兄弟（行为4时37分） ，直到这个任务，成为沉重的负担，并转移到男性特别选择这个责任（行为6:1-6 ） 。 Discipline was in their hands (Acts 5:1-11).纪律是在他们手中（行为5:1-11 ） 。 As the church grew and spread abroad, the apostles devoted more and more attention to the oversight of these scattered groups of believers (Acts 8:14; 9:32).作为教会的增长和蔓延，在国外，使徒专门讨论越来越多的关注，以监督这些分散的团体的信徒（ 8时14分行为; 9时32分） 。 At times the gift of the Holy Spirit was mediated through them (Acts 8:15-17).在时代的恩赐，圣灵是介导透过他们（使徒8:15-17 ） 。 The supernatural powers which they had exercised when the Lord was among them, such as the exorcism of demons and the healing of the sick, continued to be tokens of their divine authority (Acts 5:12; II Cor. 12:12).超自然的权力，而他们行使时，耶和华，其中如驱魔的恶魔和愈合的病人，继续得到令牌他们的神管理局（ 5时12分行为;二肺心病。 12时12分） 。 They took the lead in the determination of vexing problems which faced the church, associating the elders with themselves as an expression of democratic procedure (Acts 15:6; cf. 6:3).他们率先在的决心，令人烦恼的问题，其中所面临的教会，缔长老与自己作为一个表达的民主程序（行为15时06分;比照6时03分） 。
It is reasonably clear that in addition to the Twelve, Paul and James had the leading recognition as apostles.这是合理的明确表示，除了向12 ，保罗和詹姆斯的领导认识到，作为使徒。 Others also might be so indicated under special circumstances.其他国家也可能会因此表示，在特殊情况下。 But warrant is lacking for making "apostle" the equivalent of "missionary."但令是缺乏决策“使徒” ，相当于“传教” 。 In the practice of the modern church, prominent pioneer missionaries are often called apostles, but this is only an accommodation of language.在实践中的现代教会，突出的先驱传教士通常被称为使徒，但是这只是一个住宿的语言。 In the apostolic age one who held this rank was more than a preacher (II Tim. 1:11).在使徒年龄一谁举行，这是职级以上的布道者（二添。 1时11分） 。 All disciples were supposed to be preachers, but not all were apostles (I Cor. 12:29).所有的弟子被假定是传教士，但并非所有被使徒（我肺心病。 12时29分） 。 Curiously, at one point in the church's life all were busy preaching except the apostles (Acts 8:4).奇怪的是，在1点在教会的生活都是忙碌的说教，除了使徒（使徒8时04分） 。 Paul would not have needed to defend his apostleship with such vehemence if he were only defending his right to proclaim the gospel.保罗将不会有需要捍卫其apostleship这种vehemence ，如果他只捍卫他的权利，宣布福音。 Alongside the distinctive and more technical use of the word is the occasional employment of it in the sense of messenger (Phil. 2:25; II Cor. 8:23).一道独特的和更多的技术一词的使用是偶然的就业，它在意识的Messenger （ phil. 2时25分;二，肺心病。 8时23分） 。
EF
Harrison外汇基金的哈里森
Elwell Evangelical Dictionary
elwell福音事工促进会，字典
See
also:也请看：
Apostolic Succession使徒继承
Authority in
Church管理局在教会
Bibliography
参考书目
A. Fridrichsen,
The Apostle and His Message; FJA Hort, The Christian Ecclesia; K. Lake in The
Beginnings of Christianity, V, 37-59; JB Lightfoot, St. Paul's Epistle to the
Galatians; TW Manson, The Church's Ministry; CK Barrett, The Signs of an
Apostle; W. Schmithals, The Office of Apostle in the Early Church; KE Kirk, ed.,
The Apostolic Ministry; E. Schweizer, Church Order in the NT; J. Roloff,
Apostalat, Verkundigung, Kirche; G. Klein, Die Zwolf Apostel, Ursprung und
Gehalt einer Idee; KH Rengstorf," TDNT, I, 398ff.; JA Kirk, "Apostleship Since
Rengstorf," NTS 21:2149ff.; D. Muller and C. Brown, NIDNTT,I, 126ff.答：
fridrichsen ，使徒和他的讯息; fja hort ，基督教教会; k.在湖的起源基督教，五， 37-59 ; jb lightfoot
，圣保禄的书信向加拉太书;荃湾曼森，教会的部;对照Barrett表示，迹象1使徒;瓦特schmithals ，办公室的使徒在早期教会的;柯柯克，教育署，使徒部;
e.史威泽，教会秩序中的新台币的J.鲁洛甫， apostalat ， verkundigung ， kirche ; g.克莱因，模具茨沃尔夫apostel ，
ursprung und gehalt einer idee ; KH的任斯托夫， “ tdnt ，我， 398ff 。 ;司法机构政务长柯克， ”
apostleship以来，任斯托夫， “国税厅21:2149法郎。 ;四穆勒和C布朗， nidntt ，我， 126ff 。
A person sent by another; a messenger; envoy.一个人发出的另一个;信使;特使。 This word is once used as a descriptive designation of Jesus Christ, the Sent of the Father (Heb. 3:1; John 20:21).这两个字是一旦用来作为一个描述指定的耶稣基督，发出的父亲（希伯来书3时01分;约翰20时21分） 。 It is, however, generally used as designating the body of disciples to whom he intrusted the organization of his church and the dissemination of his gospel, "the twelve," as they are called (Matt. 10:1-5; Mark 3:14; 6:7; Luke 6:13; 9:1).然而，它一般用来作为指定机构弟子的人，他intrusted组织他的教会和传播他的福音， “ 12 ” ，因为他们是所谓的（ matt. 10:1-5 ;马克3 ： 14 ; 6时07分;卢克6时13分; 9:1 ） 。 We have four lists of the apostles, one by each of the synoptic evangelists (Matt. 10: 2-4; Mark 3:16; Luke 6:14), and one in the Acts (1:13).我们有四个名单使徒，其中的每一项天气福音（ matt. 10 ： 2月4日;马克3时16分;卢克6时14分） ，并在一行为（ 1:13 ） 。
No two of these lists, however, perfectly coincide.不得有任何两位为这些名单，但是，完全不谋而合。 Our Lord gave them the "keys of the kingdom," and by the gift of his Spirit fitted them to be the founders and governors of his church (John 14:16, 17, 26; 15:26, 27; 16:7-15).我们的主给了他们“键的王国” ，和由的礼物，他的精神装上他们获得的创始人和省长的他的教会（约翰14时16分， 17 ， 26日; 15时26分，第27条; 16时07分- 15 ） 。 To them, as representing his church, he gave the commission to "preach the gospel to every creature" (Matt. 28: 18-20).对他们来说，代表他的教会，他给了委员会，以“传福音的每一个受造物” （ matt. 28 ： 18日至20日） 。 After his ascension he communicated to them, according to his promise, supernatural gifts to qualify them for the discharge of their duties (Acts 2:4; 1 Cor. 2:16; 2:7, 10, 13; 2 Cor. 5:20; 1 Cor. 11:2).之后，他的阿森松岛，他传达给他们，根据他的诺言，超自然的礼物要符合他们为履行其职责（ 2时04分行为;一肺心病。 2时16分; 2点07 ， 10 ， 13 ， 2肺心病。 5 ：第20条;一肺心病。 11时02分） 。
Judas Iscariot, one of "the twelve," fell by transgression, and Matthias was substituted in his place (Acts 1:21).犹大iscariot ，其中“ 12 ”下跌侵，和马提亚取代了他在的地方（行为1时21分） 。 Saul of Tarsus was afterwards added to their number (Acts 9:3-20; 20: 4; 26:15-18; 1 Tim. 1:12; 2:7; 2 Tim. 1:11).娑罗双树的塔尔苏斯是事后添加到他们的人数（ 9:3-20行为; 20 ： 4个; 26:15-18 ;一添。 1:12 ; 2时07分;二月添。 1时11分） 。 Luke has given some account of Peter, John, and the two Jameses (Acts 12:2, 17; 15:13; 21:18), but beyond this we know nothing from authentic history of the rest of the original twelve.卢克已作出了一些帐户的彼得，约翰，和两个jameses （行为12时02分， 17人; 15时13分; 21时18分） ，但除了这点我们一无所知，从真实的历史，其余的原12 。 After the martyrdom of James the Greater (Acts 12:2), James the Less usually resided at Jerusalem, while Paul, "the apostle of the uncircumcision," usually travelled as a missionary among the Gentiles (Gal. 2:8).后殉难詹姆斯更大的（行为12时02分） ，詹姆斯较少，通常居住在耶路撒冷，而保罗， “使徒的uncircumcision ， ”通常游作为一个传教士之间的外邦人（ gal. 2时08分） 。
It was characteristic of the apostles and necessary (1) that they should have seen the Lord, and been able to testify of him and of his resurrection from personal knowledge (John 15:27; Acts 1:21, 22; 1 Cor. 9:1; Acts 22:14, 15).它的特点，使徒和必要的（ 1 ） ，他们应该看到勋爵，并能够作证，他和他的复活，从个人知识（约翰15时27分;行为1时21分， 22 ;一肺心病。 9 ： 1 ;行为22时14分， 15岁） 。 (2.) They must have been immediately called to that office by Christ (Luke 6:13; Gal. 1:1). （ 2 ）他们必须已立即要求该办公室由基督（路加福音6时13分; GAL的。 1:1 ） 。 (3.) It was essential that they should be infallibly inspired, and thus secured against all error and mistake in their public teaching, whether by word or by writing (John 14:26; 16:13; 1 Thess. 2:13). （ 3 ） ，这一点至关重要，他们应infallibly的灵感，从而担保对所有的错误和失误，他们的公共教学，无论是Word或以书面（约翰14时26分; 16时13分;书一。 2时13分） 。 (4.) Another qualification was the power of working miracles (Mark 16:20; Acts 2:43; 1 Cor. 12:8-11). （ 4 ） 。另一项资格的权力，工作的奇迹（马克16时20分;行为2时43分;一肺心病。 12:8-11 ） 。 The apostles therefore could have had no successors.使徒，因此可有没有接班人。 They are the only authoritative teachers of the Christian doctrines.他们是唯一的权威的教师，基督教的教义。 The office of an apostle ceased with its first holders.办公室一使徒停止其第一持有人。 In 2 Cor.在2肺心病。 8:23 and Phil. 8时23分和菲尔。 2:25 the word "messenger" is the rendering of the same Greek word, elsewhere rendered "apostle." 2时25分改为“信使”是绘制同一希腊字，在其他地方所提供的“使徒” 。
(Easton Illustrated Dictionary) （伊斯顿说明字典）
All that is known of Peter's life before he was called by Jesus is that he was a Galilean fisherman with a brother named Andrew.所有这是众所周知的彼得的生活之前，他所谓的耶稣的是，他是一位伽利略渔夫与兄弟命名为郑家富。 Peter is mentioned numerous times in the Gospels and first 15 chapters of Acts. Peter是提到多次在福音和第一15章的行为。 He is pictured as a leader and spokesman of the disciples; he identifies Jesus as Messiah (Mark 8:27; Matt. 16:16) and is selected as the rock on which the church will be built (Matt. 16:18).他是合照作为一个领导者和发言人的弟子，他确定了耶稣是弥赛亚（马克8时27分;马特。 16时16分） ，并获选为岩石上，教会将兴建（ matt. 16时18分） 。 He is several times mentioned with the brothers James and John, with whom he witnesses the Transfiguration and Jesus' agony in Gethsemane.他多次提到与兄弟詹姆斯和约翰，与他证人的变形和耶稣的痛苦，在gethsemane 。 After Jesus' arrest Peter denies knowing him three times and later repents his denial (Matt. 26:69-75; John 18:10-27).之后，耶稣逮捕彼得否认知道他的三倍，后来忏悔，他拒绝（ matt. 26:69-75 ;约翰18:10-27 ） 。
In Acts, Peter is a leader in the Jerusalem church and engages in missionary activity in Samaria, Galilee, Lydda, Sharon, and Joppa.在行为，彼得是一个领导人，在耶路撒冷教会和从事传教活动在撒马利亚，加利利， lydda ，沙龙，并约帕。 He favors admission of Gentiles into the church but occupies a middle position between James (the "brother" of Jesus), who wants to keep Christianity very Jewish in practice, and Paul, who wishes to minimize requirements for Gentile converts.他主张接纳外邦人进入教会，但占有一个中间立场之间的詹姆斯（ “兄弟” ，耶稣） ，谁想要保有基督教非常犹太人在实践中，和保罗，谁的意愿，以尽量减少所需的詹蒂莱转换。
The New Testament says nothing about Peter's life after his presence at the meeting in Jerusalem with James and Paul (Acts 15).新约圣经没有提到彼得的生活后，他出席这次会议在耶路撒冷与詹姆斯和保罗（使徒15 ） 。 Later sources say that Peter went to Rome, was martyred (64-68) under Nero, and buried on Vatican Hill.后来有消息说，彼得前往罗马，是烈属（ 64-68段）下， Nero的，埋藏在梵蒂冈山。 Evidence concerning his presence, activity, and death in Rome is slight.有关的证据，他的存在，活动，和死亡在罗马是轻微。
New Testament documents assign Peter a variety of roles.新约圣经的文件指派黄匡源的各种角色。 He is seen as a missionary fisherman, pastoral shepherd, martyr, recipient of special revelation, confessor of the true faith, magisterial protector, healer, and repentant sinner.他被认为是作为一个传教士的渔民，牧区牧羊人，烈士，受援国特别的启示，忏悔的真信仰，地方法院保护者，治愈者，以及忏悔的罪人。 These roles and images help explain the wealth of later stories and legends surrounding Peter and his high status in Christian literature, including his role in Roman Catholic belief as founder of the papacy.这些角色和图像有助于解释的财富，后来的故事和传说，周围的彼得和他很高的地位，在基督教文献，包括他的角色在罗马天主教信仰的创始人之一，在位期间。 The two Epistles of Peter are ascribed to Peter, although the attribution is questioned.两个书信彼得是归因于黄匡源，虽然归属受到质疑。 Many postbiblical books were also produced in his name, notably the Acts of Peter.许多postbiblical的书籍也产生了以他的名义，特别是行为的彼得。 Feast day: June 29 (with Saint Paul).节日： 6月29日（圣保罗） 。
Anthony J. Saldarini张炳良j. saldarini
Bibliography:
参考书目：
Brown, R., et al., eds., Peter in the
New Testament (1973); Cullmann, Oscar, Peter, Disciple, Apostle, Martyr,
trans.布朗， r. ，等人，编，彼得在新约圣经（ 1973年） ; cullmann ，奥斯卡，黄匡源，弟子，使徒，烈士，跨。
by FV Filson, 2d ed.由抗体filson
，二维，教育署。 (1962); Murphy,
WF, Upon This Rock (1987); O'Connor, DW, Peter in Rome (1969); Taylor, WM,
Peter, The Apostle (1990); Thomas, WH, The Apostle Peter: His Life and Writings
(1984); Winter, Michael M., Saint Peter and the Popes (1960; repr. 1979).
（ 1962年） ;墨菲，白表后，这块石头（ 1987年） ;奥康纳， DW的，彼得在罗马（ 1969年） ;泰勒，西医结合，彼得，使徒（ 1990年）
;托马斯，褔利，使徒彼得：他的生命和著作（ 1984年） ;冬天，迈克尔米，圣彼得和教皇（ 1960年; repr 。 1979年） 。
Boaner'ges, sons of thunder, a surname given by our Lord to James and John (Mark 3:17) on account of their fervid and impetuous temper (Luke 9:54). boaner'ges ，儿子打雷，一姓所给予我们的主，以詹姆斯和约翰（马克3时17分）根据其fervid和浮躁的脾气（路加福音9时54分） 。
(Easton Illustrated Dictionary) （伊斯顿说明字典）
Many people believe that John was the beloved disciple referred to in the fourth gospel.许多人认为，约翰是心爱的弟子提到，在第四福音。 If so, he was beside Jesus at the Last Supper (John 13:23), was asked to care for Jesus' mother Mary (John 19:26), and was the first to comprehend Jesus' Resurrection (John 20:2-9).如果是的话，他旁边的耶稣在最后晚餐（约翰13时23分） ，被要求照顾耶稣的母亲玛利亚（约翰19时26分） ，并且是第一次理解耶稣的复活（约翰20:2-9 ） 。 John had a prominent role in the early church (Acts 1:13, 8:14).约翰了突出的作用，在早期教会的（行为1时13分， 8时14分） 。 Traditionally, five New Testament books are ascribed to him: the fourth gospel, three Epistles, and the Book of Revelation.传统上，五年新约圣经的书籍是归因于他：第四福音，三书信，和这本书的启示。 Feast day: Dec. 27 (Western); Sept. 26 (Eastern).节日： 12月27日（西部） ; 9月26日（东区） 。
Douglas Ezell道格拉斯ezell
Boaner'ges, sons of thunder, a surname given by our Lord to James and John (Mark 3:17) on account of their fervid and impetuous temper (Luke 9:54). boaner'ges ，儿子打雷，一姓所给予我们的主，以詹姆斯和约翰（马克3时17分）根据其fervid和浮躁的脾气（路加福音9时54分） 。
(Easton Illustrated Dictionary) （伊斯顿说明字典）
Bibliography: Gartner, Bertil, Iscariot (1971); Schaumberg, EL, Judas (1981).参考书目： Gartner称， bertil ， iscariot （ 1971年） ; schaumberg ，萨尔瓦多，犹大（ 1981年） 。
Saint Andrew was one of the twelve apostles of Jesus Christ and the brother of Simon (later the apostle Peter).圣安德鲁是一个十二使徒耶稣基督的兄弟西蒙（后来使徒彼得） 。 A Galilean fisherman of Bethsaida, he was originally a disciple of John the Baptist. 1伽利略渔夫的伯赛，他原本是弟子的施洗约翰。 In the Gospel of John (1:35-42), Andrew was the first called of Jesus' disciples.在福音中的约翰（ 1:35-42 ） ，郑家富是第一个所谓的耶稣的门徒。 According to tradition, Andrew was crucified at Patras, in Achaea, on an X-shaped cross, the form of which became known as Saint Andrew's Cross (see Cross).按照传统，郑家富被钉在十字架上，在佩特雷，在achaea ，对一个X形交叉，形式，其中被称为圣安德鲁的交叉（见交叉） 。 Eusebius of Caesarea records that Andrew preached Christianity among the Scythians, thus becoming the patron saint of Russia.尤西比乌斯的撒利亚的记录，郑家富宣扬基督教之间的scythians ，从而成为守护神俄罗斯。 He is also the patron saint of Greece.他亦是守护神希腊。 In the 8th century relics of Andrew were taken to the future site of Saint Andrews in Scotland, so that he is the patron saint of that country as well; a white Saint Andrew's cross on a blue field is the national flag of Scotland.在第八世纪的文物，郑家富被带到未来网站的圣安德鲁斯在苏格兰，所以他是守护神该国，以及;白色圣安德鲁的十字架的蓝色领域是国旗的苏格兰。 Andrew's feast day is November 30.郑家富的节日是11月30日。
Andrew, manliness, a Greek name; one of the apostles of our Lord.郑家富， manliness ，希腊的名称;之一使徒我们的上帝。 He was of Bethsaida in Galilee (John 1:44), and was the brother of Simon Peter (Matt. 4: 18; 10:2).他的伯赛在加利利（约翰1时44分） ，并且是兄弟，西门彼得（ matt. 4 ： 18 ; 10时02分） 。 On one occasion John the Baptist, whose disciple he then was, pointing to Jesus, said, "Behold the Lamb of God" (John 1:40); and Andrew, hearing him, immediately became a follower of Jesus, the first of his disciples.有一次施洗约翰，他们的弟子，他当时指着耶稣，说： “看哪，上帝的羔羊” （约翰福音1:40 ） ;和郑家富，听觉，他立即成为追随者，耶稣，首先，他弟子。 After he had been led to recognize Jesus as the Messiah, his first care was to bring also his brother Simon to Jesus.之后，他已率领承认耶稣是弥赛亚，他的第一照顾，使他的兄弟也西蒙耶稣。 The two brothers seem to have after this pursued for a while their usual calling as fishermen, and did not become the stated attendants of the Lord till after John's imprisonment (Matt. 4:18, 19; Mark 1:16, 17).两兄弟似乎有后，这追求的一个，而其一贯的要求，作为渔民，并没有成为说明服务员的主到后，约翰的监禁（ matt. 4时18分，第19条;马克1点16 ， 17 ） 。 Very little is related of Andrew.很少是相关的郑家富。 He was one of the confidential disciples (John 6:8; 12:22), and with Peter, James, and John inquired of our Lord privately regarding his future coming (Mark 13:3).他是一个机密的弟子（约翰6时08分; 12时22分） ，并与彼得，詹姆斯和约翰询问我们的主私下对于他的未来的未来（马克13时03分） 。 He was present at the feeding of the five thousand (John 6:9), and he introduced the Greeks who desired to see Jesus (John 12:22); but of his subsequent history little is known.他是目前在喂养的5000 （约翰6时09分） ，他还介绍了希腊人谁想要见耶稣（约翰12时22分） ;但他随后的历史知之甚少。 It is noteworthy that Andrew thrice brings others to Christ, (1) Peter; (2) the lad with the loaves; and (3) certain Greeks.值得注意的是，郑家富三倍，带来的其他基督， （ 1 ）黄匡源; （ 2 ）法援署与面包;及（ 3 ）某些希腊人。 These incidents may be regarded as a key to his character.这些事件可以被视为一个关键，以他的性格。
(Easton Illustrated Dictionary) （伊斯顿说明字典）
He may have been the same person as Nathanael.他可能已被同一人拿。
Bartholomew was a son of Tolmai, and one of the twelve apostles (Matt. 10:3; Acts 1:13); generally supposed to have been the same as Nathanael.巴尔多禄茂是一个儿子tolmai ，和其中的12使徒（ matt. 10时03分;行为1时13分） ;普遍假定已一样拿。 In the synoptic gospels Philip and Bartholomew are always mentioned together, while Nathanael is never mentioned; in the fourth gospel, on the other hand, Philip and Nathanael are similarly mentioned together, but nothing is said of Bartholomew.在天气福音弘和巴尔多禄茂总是提到一起，而拿的是从来不提;在第四福音，另一方面，弘和拿同样提到一起，但没有说，巴尔多禄茂。 He was one of the disciples to whom our Lord appeared at the Sea of Tiberias after his resurrection (John 21:2).他是一个门徒的人我们的主出现在海上的太巴列后，他的复活（约翰21时02分） 。 He was also a witness of the Ascension (Acts 1:4, 12, 13).他还对证人的阿森松岛（行为1时04分， 12 ， 13 ） 。 He was an "Israelite indeed" (John 1:47).他是一个“以色列人的确是” （约翰1时47分） 。
(Easton Illustrated Dictionary) （伊斯顿说明字典）
An advanced and comprehensive article is at: Nathanael一个先进的和全面的文章是： 拿
Eusebius of Caesarea records that Thomas became a missionary to Parthia.尤西比乌斯的撒利亚的记录，托马斯成为一个传教士，以parthia 。 The Acts of Thomas (3d century), however, states that he was martyred in India.行为托马斯（三维世纪） ，不过，国，他是烈属，在印度。 The Malabar Christians claim that their church was founded by him.该马拉巴基督信徒声称，他们的教会是他所创立的。 This tradition can neither be substantiated nor denied on the basis of current evidence.这一传统既不能加以证实，也不否认在此基础上现有的证据。 Saint Thomas' Mount in Madras is the traditional site of his martyrdom.圣托马斯'山在马德拉斯是传统的网站，他殉难。 Feast day: July 3 (Western and Syrian); Oct. 6 (Eastern).节日： 7月3日（西部和叙利亚） ; 10月6日（东区） 。
Douglas Ezell道格拉斯ezell
Bibliography:
参考书目：
Griffith, Leonard, Gospel Characters
(1976); Perumalil, Hormice C., and Hambye, ER, eds., Christianity in India
(1973).格里菲斯，伦纳德，福音字（ 1976年） ; perumalil ， hormice长，昂比，呃，合编，基督教在印度（ 1973年）
。
Thomas, twin, one of the twelve (Matt. 10:3; Mark 3:18, etc.).托马斯，双，其中的12 （ matt. 10时03分;马克3时18分，等等） 。 He was also called Didymus (John 11:16; 20:24), which is the Greek equivalent of the Hebrew name.他还呼吁didymus （约翰11时16分; 20时24分） ，这是希腊相当于希伯来文的名字。 All we know regarding him is recorded in the fourth Gospel (John 11:15, 16; 14:4, 5; 20:24, 25, 26-29).我们知道，所有关于他的记录是在第四福音（约翰11时15分，第16条; 14时04分， 5 ; 20时24分， 25 ， 26-29 ） 。 From the circumstance that in the lists of the apostles he is always mentioned along with Matthew, who was the son of Alphaeus (Mark 3:18), and that these two are always followed by James, who was also the son of Alphaeus, it has been supposed that these three, Matthew, Thomas, and James, were brothers.从这种情况下，在名单使徒他总是提到，随着马修，谁是儿子，阿尔菲厄斯（马克3时18分） ，这两个都是其次是由詹姆斯，谁也儿子阿尔菲厄斯，一直假定这些三，马修，托马斯，詹姆斯，被兄弟。
(Easton Illustrated Dictionary) （伊斯顿说明字典）
(Easton Illustrated Dictionary) （伊斯顿说明字典）
Thaddeus, breast, the name of one of the apostles (Mark 3:18), called "Lebbaeus" in Matt.项，乳腺癌，一个名字的使徒（马克3时18分） ，所谓的“ lebbaeus ”在马特。 10:3, and in Luke 6: 16, "Judas the brother of James;" while John (14:22), probably referring to the same person, speaks of "Judas, not Iscariot." 10时03分，并在路加6 ： 16 ， “犹大的兄弟詹姆斯; ” ，而约翰（ 14时22分） ，可能是指同一人，说的是“犹大，而不是iscariot ” 。 These different names all designate the same person, viz., Jude or Judas, the author of the epistle.这些不同的名称，所有候任同一人，即，裘德或犹大，作者的书信。 (Easton Illustrated Dictionary) （伊斯顿说明字典）
He may have been the same person as Saint Thaddeus.他可能已被同一人圣项。
2. Andrew preached to the Scythians and Thracians, and was crucified, suspended on an olive tree, at Patrae, a town of Achaia; and there too he was buried. 2 。 黄宏发鼓吹向scythians和thracians ，被钉在十字架上，暂停对一个橄榄树，在patrae ，一个城市的achaia ;也有他被安葬。
3. John , again, in Asia, was banished by Domitian the king to the isle of Patmos, in which also he wrote his Gospel and saw the apocalyptic vision; and in Trajan s time he fell asleep at Ephesus, where his remains were sought for, but could not be found. 3 。 约翰 ，再次，在亚洲，被放逐由杜米仙国王岛帕特莫斯，在其中还他写道：他的福音和看到了世界末日的视觉;和图拉真在的时候，他睡着了在以弗所，他的遗体被要求为，但无法找到。
4. James , his brother, when preaching in Judea, was cut off with the sword by Herod the tetrarch, and was buried there. 4 。 詹姆斯 ，他的弟弟，当说教，在朱迪亚，被切断与剑由希律该tetrarch ，并埋葬在这里。
5. Philip preached in Phrygia, and was crucified in Hierapolis with his head downward in the time of Domitian, and was buried there. 5 。 弘鼓吹在phrygia ，被钉在十字架上，在hierapolis与他的头部向下，在时间的杜米仙，并埋葬在这里。
6. Bartholomew , again, preached to the Indians, to whom he also gave the Gospel according to Matthew, and was crucified with his head downward, and was buried in Allanum, a town of the great Armenia. 6 。 巴尔多禄茂 ，再次鼓吹，以印度人，其中他还介绍了福音，根据马修，和被钉在十字架上与他的头部向下，和被掩埋在allanum ，一个城市的伟大亚美尼亚。
7. 7 。 And Matthew wrote the Gospel in the Hebrew tongue, and published it at Jerusalem, and fell asleep at Hierees, a town of Parthia.和马太福音写在希伯来文的母语，并出版了它在耶路撒冷，和睡着了，在hierees ，一个城市的parthia 。
8. 8 。 And Thomas preached to the Parthians, Medes, Persians, Hyrcanians, Bactrians, and Margians, and was thrust through in the four members of his body with a pine spears at Calamene, the city of India, anti was buried there.和Thomas鼓吹向parthians ，玛代，波斯人， hyrcanians ， bactrians ， margians ，并通过在推力的四名成员与他的身体一松，布兰妮在calamene ，市，印度，反被埋葬在这里。
9. 9 。 And James the son of Alphaeus , when preaching in Jerusalem. 詹姆斯的儿子阿尔菲厄斯 ，当说教，在耶路撒冷。 was stoned to death by the Jews, and was buried there beside the temple.遭人投掷石块致死的犹太人，并埋在那儿旁边的庙。
10. Jude , who is also called Lebbaeus , preached. 10 。 裘德 ，谁也叫lebbaeus ，鼓吹。 to the people of Edessa, and to all Mesopotamia, and fell asleep at Berytus, and was buried there.向人民负责的伊得撒，和所有的美索不达米亚，和睡着了，在贝来图斯，并埋葬在这里。
11. Simon the Zealot , the son of Clopas, who is also called Jude, became bishop of Jerusalem after James the Just, and fell asleep and was buried there at the age of 120 years. 11 。 西蒙的zealot ，儿子clopas ，谁也叫裘德，成为主教，耶路撒冷后，詹姆斯的正义，和睡着了，并被埋葬在那里的年龄一百二十年。
12. 12 。 And Matthias , who was one of the seventy, was numbered along with the eleven apostles, and preached in Jerusalem, and fell asleep and was buried there.和马提亚 ，谁是其中的70 ，编号是随11使徒，并鼓吹要在耶路撒冷，睡着了，被埋葬在这里。
13. 13 。 And Paul entered into the apostleship a year after the assumption of Christ; and beginning at Jerusalem, he advanced as far as Illyricum, and Italy, and Spain, preaching the Gospel for five-and-thirty years.和保罗进入apostleship一年后假设基督; ，并开始在耶路撒冷，他的先进据伊利里库姆，意大利，西班牙，宣扬福音为5和三十年。 And in the time of Nero he was beheaded at Rome, and was buried there.和在的时候， Nero的他被斩首在罗马，并埋葬在这里。
Apostle (Greek ἀπόστολοσ, from ἀποστήλλειν, "to send"), a person delegated for a certain purpose; the same as sheliaḦ or sheluaḦ in Hebrew, one invested with representative power.使徒（希腊ἀπόστολοσ ，从ἀποστήλλειν ， “发送” ） ，一个人授予为某目的而成立的;一样sheliaḧ或sheluaḧ在希伯来文，一投资与代表的权力。 "Apostoloi" was the official name given to the men sent by the rulers of Jerusalem to collect the half-shekel tax for the Temple, the tax itself being called "apostolé." “ apostoloi ”的正式名称给予该男子发出的统治者耶路撒冷，以收集半新谢克尔税为庙，税本身是所谓的“ apostolé ” 。 See Theod.见theod 。 Reinach, "Textes Grecs et Romains, etc.," 1895, p.莱纳赫， “ textes grecs等romains等， ” 1895年，页 208, and also Grätz, "Gesch. der Juden," iv. 208 ，也grätz ， “ gesch 。明镜juden ， ”四。 476, note 21, where Eusebius is quoted as saying: "It is even yet a custom among the Jews to call those who carry about circular letters from their rulers by the name of apostles"; Epiphanius, "Hæreses," i. 476 ，注21 ，尤西比乌斯是引述他的话说： “这是甚至还自订，其中犹太人呼吁那些谁的载客量约为通函从他们的统治者所的名称使徒” ;埃皮法尼乌斯， “ hæreses ， ”一。 128: "The so-called apostoloi are next in rank to the patriarchs, with whom they sit in the Sanhedrin, deciding questions of the Law with them." 128 ： “所谓apostoloi是在明年的排名向patriarchs ，与他们静坐，在sanhedrin ，决定的问题，法律与他们” 。 The emperor Honorius, in his edict of 399, mentions "the archisynagogues, the elders and those whom the Jews call apostoloi, who are sent forth by the patriarch at a certain season of the year to collect silver and gold from the various synagogues" ("Cod. Theodos." xvi. 8, 14, 29. Compare Mommsen, "Corpus Inscr. Lat." ix. 648. See Apostolé).皇帝挪，在他的399法令，提到“ archisynagogues ，长老和那些犹太人呼吁apostoloi ，谁发送提出的老人家在某一个季节，今年收集金银从各种犹太教堂” （ “鳕鱼。 theodos ” 。十六。 8 ， 14 ， 29 。比较蒙森， “语料库inscr 。北纬”九。 648 。见apostolé ） 。
Grätz, looking for parallels in Talmudical literature, refers to Tosef., Sanh. grätz ，寻找相似之处，在talmudical文学，是指tosef ， sanh 。 ii.二。 6; Bab.六;巴布。 11b, wherein it is stated that the regulation of the calendar or the intercalation of the month, the exclusive privilege of the patriarch, was delegated by him only to representative men such as R. Akiba and R. Meïr, to act for him in various Jewish districts. 11 B款，其中，它说明该规例的日历或插至本月底，专属的特权，牧，被授予由他不仅代表的男子，如r.秋叶和R. meïr ，采取行动，为他在各个犹太人区。 (Compare also RH 25a and elsewhere.) Such delegates in ancient times were also appointed by the communal authority, sheluḦe bet din (delegates of the court of justice), to superintend the produce of the seventh year of release, so that no owner of fruit, fig, and olive trees, or of vineyards, should keep more than was needful for his immediate use-for three meals; the rest was to be brought to the city storehouse for common distribution every Friday (Tosef., Sheb. viii.). （比较，也相对湿度25A和其他地方）等代表在远古时代也有委任的公用管理局， sheluḧe投注丁（代表的国际法院） ， superintend生产，今年已踏入第七届释放，使没有业主的水果，图，和橄榄树，或葡萄园，应保持多是需要的，他立即使用为三餐;其余的将提请市仓库共同分配每星期五（ tosef. ， sheb 。八。 ） 。 The name "delegate of the community" ("sheliaḦ ẓibbur"), given to him who offers the prayers on behalf of the congregation (Ber. v. 5), rests on the principle of representation as it is expressed in the Mekilta on Exodus, xii.命名为“代表社会” （ “ sheliaḧ ẓibbur ” ） ，给他提供了谁的祷告的名义聚集（ ber.五5 ） ，在于对原则的代表性，因为这是表示，在mekilta对出埃及记，第十二章。 6: "The whole assembly of Israel shall slaughter it." 6 ： “整个大会的以色列应销毁它” 。 How can a whole congregation do the slaughtering?又如何能对整个聚集，这样做屠宰？ "Through the delegate who represents it." “透过代表谁代表它” 。 Accordingly, the elders of the Sanhedrin of Jerusalem addressed the high priest "sheluḦenu usheluaḦ bet din" (our delegate and the delegate of the tribunal) (Yoma 18b).因此，长者的sanhedrin耶路撒冷的讲话大祭司“ sheluḧenu usheluaḧ打赌，并且” （我们的代表和代表法庭） （ yoma 18B条） 。 (The "angels of the churches," Rev. ii. 1, 12, 18; iii. 1, 7, 14, are probably also the "delegates of the churches," not angels, as is the general opinion.) Other delegates-"sheluḦim"-are mentioned in the Talmud: "Those sent forth to accomplish philanthropic tasks ["sheluḦe miẓwah"] need fear no disaster on the road" (Pes. 8b). （ “天使的教会”牧师二，一， 12 ， 18 ;三，一，七日，十四日，大概也是“代表教会” ，而不是天使，是普遍的看法。 ）其他代表-“ s heluḧim”是提到，在塔木德说： “这些发送提出要完成慈善任务[ ” s heluḧem iẓwah“ ]需要担心没有灾害对道路” （ p es.8 B条） 。 "Those delegated to collect charity ["gabbae ẓedakah"] were always appointed in pairs, and not allowed to separate in order to avoid suspicion" (BB 8b). “那些下放给慈善机构收集[ ” gabbae ẓedakah “ ]总是在对任命，并不得单独的，为了避免怀疑” （页BB 8 B条） 。 As a rule two prominent men are spoken of as being engaged together in such benevolences as ransoming captives, and similar acts of charity (Abot R. Nathan [A], viii.; Lev. R. v. Compare the "Ḥaburot" of Jerusalem, Tosef., Megillah, iv. 15).作为一项规则，两个突出的男子谈到作为从事一起在这种benevolences作为ransoming俘虏，和类似行为的慈善（ abot r.弥敦道[一] ，第八章;列弗。 R.诉比较“ ḥaburot ”耶路撒冷， tosef ， megillah ，四15 ） 。 Ḥama bar Adda was called "sheliaḦ Zion" (delegate of Zion), as being regularly sent by the authorities of Babylonia to Palestine charged with official matters (Beẓah 25b; Rashi and 'Aruk). ḥama酒吧adda被称为“ sheliaḧ锡安” （代表锡安） ，作为定期发送有关当局的巴比伦向巴勒斯坦落案控以正式事项（ beẓah 25 B ; rashi和' aruk ） 。
The apostles, known as such from the New Testament, are declared to have derived name and authority from Jesus, who sent them forth as his witnesses (see Luke, vi. 13; Herzog and Hastings, sv "Apostles").使徒，被称为如由新约圣经，被宣布为有所得的名称和权威性，从耶稣，谁送他们提出，作为他的证人（见路加福音，六，十三;赫尔佐克和黑斯廷斯， sv “使徒” ） 。 But they were also originally delegated by the holy spirit and by the laying on of hands (Acts xiii. 3) to do charity work for the community (see II Cor. viii. 23).但他们也有原本授予的圣灵和铺设就举手（行为十三。 3 ）做慈善工作，为社会（见二，肺心病。八， 23段） 。 "At the feet of the apostles" were laid the contributions of the early Christians to their common treasury, exactly as was done in the year of release in every city (Tos. Shebiit, viii. 1) and in every Essene community (Josephus, "BJ" ii. 8, § 3). “在英尺的使徒”奠定了贡献初期基督徒以他们共同的库务署，正好就是这样做的是在该年度的释放在每个城市（ tos. shebiit ，第八章。 1 ）和在每一个厄共同体（约瑟夫， “北京”二，八， § 3 ） 。 "Two and two" the apostles were enjoined to travel (Mark vi. 7; Luke x. 2), exactly as was the rule among the charity-workers (BB 8b), and exactly as the Essene delegates are described as traveling, carrying neither money nor change of shoes with them (Josephus, "BJ" ii. 3, § 4; comp. Matt. x. 9, 10; Luke ix. 3, x. 4, xxii. 35; bemaḳḳel we-tarmil, Yeb. 122a). “两个和两个”使徒被责成旅行（马克六，七;路加福音十2 ） ，完全一样是法治之间的慈善工作者（ BB心跳8 B条） ，正是由于厄代表被形容为旅游，进行没有钱也没有改变的鞋与他们（约瑟夫， “北京”二，三， § 4 ;可比。马特。十，九，十;路加福音九，三，十，四，二十二，第35条; bemaḳḳel我们- tarmil ， yeb 。 122a ） 。 Thus Paul always traveled in the company of either Barnabas or Silas (Acts xi. 30; xii. 25; xv. 25, 30), and was entrusted with the charitable gifts collected for the brethren in Jerusalem (see also I Cor. xvi. 1; II Cor. viii. 4, ix. 5; Rom. xv. 25; Gal. ii. 10); while Barnabas traveled also with Mark (Acts xv. 39, 40).因此，保罗始终走在该公司无论是巴拿巴或西拉斯（行为十一。 30 ;十二，第25条;十五。 25 ， 30 ） ，并受委托与慈善礼物收集兄弟在耶路撒冷的（也见林前。十六。一;二，肺心病。八，四，九，五;光碟。十五，二十五; GAL的二。 10 ） ;而巴拿巴前往，也与马克（行为十五。 39 ， 40 ） 。 Paul even mentions as "noted apostles who joined the Church of Christ before him his kinsmen and fellow-prisoners, Andronicus and Junia" (Rom. xvi. 7), persons otherwise unknown to us, but who in all likelihood had received no other mission or Apostleship than that of working in the field of philanthropy among the Jewish community of Rome.保罗甚至提到“指出，使徒谁加入了基督教会前，他kinsmen和同胞的囚犯，安德洛尼克斯和junia ” （罗马书十六7 ） ，否则不明的人向我们，但谁在所有的可能性并没有收到其他的使命apostleship或以上的领域工作的慈善事业之间的犹太社区的罗马。
The meaning of the term "Apostle," still used in its old sense (Phil. ii. 25) of "Epaphroditus, your apostle [delegate] who ministers to my wants," was, however, already changed in the Christian Church during Paul's time.一词的含义“使徒” ，仍然使用在其旧意识（ phil.二。二十五日） “ epaphroditus ，您的使徒[代表]谁部长，我想， ”不过，已经改变了在基督教教会在保罗的时间。 It became the specific term for the one sent forth "to preach the kingdom of God" either to the Jews, or, as Paul and his disciples, to the heathen world (Mark iii. 14, vi. 7; Luke vi. 13; Rom. xi. 13).它成为具体的任期为一发出，提出了“宣扬上帝的王国”无论是向犹太人，或者作为保罗和他的弟子，向heathen世界（马克三14 ，六，七;路加福音六， 13人; ROM的内容。十一。 13 ） 。 "The gospel of the circumcision gave Peter the chief-apostleship of the Jews, the gospel of the uncircumcision gave Paul the apostleship of the Gentiles," according to Gal. “福音包皮环切了彼得行政- apostleship的犹太人，福音的uncircumcision了保禄二世的apostleship的外邦人， ”根据到GAL 。 ii.二。 7, 8; and so Paul calls himself an Apostle not of men but of Jesus Christ (Gal. i. 1). 7日， 8日;等保罗自称是一个使徒不是男人，但耶稣基督（ gal.一1 ） 。 So the term "apostles of Christ" became a standing designation (I Thess. ii. 6), and it was confined to those who "saw Christ" (I Cor. ix. 1).因此，长远的“基督的使徒” ，成为一个常设的指定（我thess二。 6 ） ，而且只限于那些谁“看到基督受难记” （我肺心病。第九1款） 。 Finally, the number twelve, corresponding with the twelve tribes of Israel, was fixed in the Gospel records (Matt. x. 2; Mark iii. 14; Luke ix. 1; Acts i. 25) in opposition to the apostles of the heathen, who rose in number from one, in the case of Paul, to seventy (Luke x. 1).最后，人数12 ，相应的与12部落以色列，被固定在福音中记录（ matt.十二;马克三，第14条;路加福音九，一;行为一25 ）在反对使徒的heathen ，谁上升，人数从一，在该案件保罗， 70 （路加福音十1 ） 。 Even the act of preaching the good tidings concerning the coming Messiah on the part of the wandering delegates of the community (Luke iv. 18; because of which Jesus himself is once called the Apostle [Heb. iii. 1]) was not without precedent in Jewish life, as may be learned from the prayer for good tidings recited every newmoon ("Seder Rab Amram," 33, Warsaw, 1865; compare RH 25a and Targ. Yer. to Gen. xlix. 21).即使行为，宣扬福音关于未来弥赛亚对部分流浪的代表，社会（路加福音四。 18 ;因为耶稣自己是，一旦所谓的使徒[ heb三。 1 ] ）并非没有先例在犹太人的生活，可能据悉，从祈祷福音，背诵每newmoon （ “ seder rab阿姆拉姆， ” 33 ，华沙， 1865年;比较铑25A和targ 。 yer 。中将xlix 21段） 。
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