The term "anticlerical" probably first appeared in the early 1850s in Catholic France.术语“ anticlerical ”大概最早出现在19世纪50年代初，在天主教法国。 It indicated opposition to Ultramontane revival with its reassertion of the sacral power of priests and of the primacy of the pope in the church.它表示反对ultramontane复兴与重新骶的权力，司铎和首要地位，教宗在教会里。 A staggering battle in Italy and Europe over the temporal power of the pope focused anticlerical attitudes in the 1850s and 1860s, especially in Italy, Belgium, Spain, and France.惊人的战役在意大利和欧洲超过时间的权力，教宗的重点anticlerical的态度，在19世纪50年代和19世纪60年代，特别是在意大利，比利时，西班牙和法国。 Thereafter, to this day, anticlericalism as attitude and as movement has been a considerable political factor in every Roman Catholic area, notably in Europe, Latin America, and Quebec.此后，为了这一天， anticlericalism作为的态度和作为运动一直是相当大的政治因素，在每一个罗马天主教的地区，尤其是在欧洲，拉丁美洲和魁北克省。 Anticlericalism has condemned priestly participation in national governments, municipalities, elections, education, and land and capital ownership. anticlericalism谴责priestly参与在各国政府，直辖市的选举，教育，土地和资金的所有权。
Opposition to clerical authority, as well as fear and ridicule of priests, are age old within Catholic Christendom.反对文书的权力，以及恐惧和嘲笑神职人员，年龄岁以内天主教基督教。 In Catholic tradition, both before and after the creation of Protestant churches, clergy have claimed to be the sole authority in church government and doctrine as well as the only exerciser of sacramental power.在天主教的传统，之前和之后都创造新教教会，神职人员都声称是唯一的权威，在政府和教会的教义，以及作为唯一的练功人的圣事的权力。 They have put themselves forward as the leaders in faith and morals, and often as the guides of the laity in politics, economics, and intellectual and social life.他们把自己未来的领导人在信仰和道德的，而且往往作为导游的俗人在政治，经济，智力和社会生活。 In response there is a long tradition of popular satire in songs and tales against any clerical failings, irregular sexual behavior, religious hypocrisy, social pomp, intellectual stupidity, and arrogance.在回应是有悠久的传统流行的讽刺歌曲和故事，对任何文书的弱点，不规则的性行为，宗教的虚伪，社会轻车简从，智慧愚蠢，和嚣张气焰。 Moreover, excessive use of clerical power or usurpation of political and economic power has again and again evoked vigorous resistance.此外，过度使用的文书或篡夺权力的政治和经济权力已一而再，再而诱发严厉的阻力。 Anticlericalism has assumed that priests are constitutionally unable to keep their own standards, and are by nature inclined to dominate the whole of life. anticlericalism假设神父是在宪制上无法跟上自己的标准，是由自然倾向于主宰整个的生活。
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The liberal republics in Latin America were anticlerical.自由共和国在拉丁美洲的anticlerical 。 After 1870, in France, Spain, Italy, and Quebec, as well as in much of Latin America, politics polarized as the church and most clergy sided with the right against liberals, republicans, and socialists who built anticlericalism into their programs.之后， 1870年，在法国，西班牙，意大利，和魁北克省，以及在许多拉丁美洲，政治两极化，作为教会和神职人员最片面的与反对的权利，自由党，共和党，和社会主义者谁建anticlericalism纳入其计划。 Anticlericalism has usually contributed to secularization in Catholic cultures: since clergy have been the main agents of Christian presence in public life, opposition to priests in politics has entailed opposition to Christianity in modern society. anticlericalism通常作出贡献的世俗化在天主教文化：自神职人员已成为主要的代理人，基督教的存在在公共生活中，反对神父在政治上已引起反对党基督教在现代社会中。 Following Vatican II opposition to clerical domination within the church itself has contributed to a lay revival, but not yet to a termination of exclusively priestly authority in the church.以下梵蒂冈第二反对文书统治与教会本身作出了贡献业外人士复苏，但尚未终止独家priestly管理局在教会里。
Anticlericalism has not been absent among Protestants. anticlericalism没有缺席之间的新教徒。 Many a Baptist pastor, Reformed dominie, or Lutheran minister has evoked anticlerical responses.许多浸礼会牧师，改革dominie ，或信义部长引起了anticlerical的反应。 Charismatics, Brethren, and Quakers have found they can do without clergy entirely. charismatics ，弟兄们，和公谊会发现他们可以做的，完全没有神职人员。
CT
McIntire的CT mcintire
(Elwell Evangelical Dictionary)
（ elwell福音事工促进会，字典）
Bibliography
参考书目
O Chadwick, "The
Rise of Anticlericalism," in The Secularization of the European Mind in the
Nineteenth Century; A Mellor, Histoire de l'anticlericalisme francais; R Remond,
l'Anticlericalisme en France, de 1815 a nos jours; JM Diaz Mozaz, Apuntes para
una sociologia del anticlericalismo. o查德威克， “崛起anticlericalism ，
”在世俗化的欧洲铭记在十九世纪;米勒，历史学德l' anticlericalisme法国; r remond的L'
anticlericalisme英文法国，德1815年1号jours ; jm迪亚兹mozaz ，
apuntes第联合国协会sociologia删除anticlericalismo 。
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