The word is from the Latin nihil, "nothing," and expresses the position of those who hold that some, if not all, human souls will cease to exist after death.这个词是从拉丁语nihil ， “废人” ，并表示的立场，这些谁认为，一些即使不是全部，人类灵魂将不复存在后死亡。 As observed by Warfield, this point of view may take three main forms: (1) that all human beings inevitably cease to exist altogether at death (materialist) ; (2) that, while human beings are naturally mortal, God imparts to the redeemed the gift of immorality and allows the rest of humanity to sink into nothingness (conditional immortality) ; (3) that man, being created immortal, fulfills his destiny in salvation, while the reprobates fall into nonexistence either through a direct act of God or through the corrosive effect of evil (annihilationism proper) .观察沃菲尔德，这个角度看，可能采取的三种主要形式： （ 1 ）所有的人无可避免地不复存在共死亡（唯物主义） ; （ 2 ） ，而人类自然是致命的，上帝imparts向赎回礼品不道德的，并让其余的人类陷入虚无（有条件的不朽） ; （ 3 ）男子，正在建立的不朽，履行自己的命运在救赎，而reprobates陷入不存在要么通过直接上帝的旨意，或通过腐蚀作用的邪恶（ annihilationism适当） 。
The distinction between conditionalism and annihilationism, as indicated above, is frequently not observed, and these two terms are commonly used as practical synonyms.之间的区别conditionalism和annihilationism ，如上文所示，是经常不遵守，这两个名词是普遍用作实际的同义字。 A fourth form of advocacy of the ultimate extinction of evil is the view that God will finally redeem all rational beings (universalism) .第四个形式的宣传，最终灭绝的邪恶是认为上帝将最终赎回所有理性的人（普遍性） 。 Over against all the above positions, historic orthodoxy has always maintained both that human souls will eternally endure and that their destiny is irrevocably sealed at death.对超过上述所有职位，历史的正统始终保持双方认为，人类灵魂将永远忍受和自己的命运是不可改变的密封死亡。
The question whether or not man is naturally immortal pertains to the subject of immortality.问题是否或不是人为，自然是不朽的涉及到的主题不死。 The present article will be limited to stating and appraising briefly the main evidence advanced in support of the cessation of the wicked.本文章将只限于说明和评价简单的主要证据先进的支持停止恶人。
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Immortality, it is urged, is represented as a special gift connected with redemption in Jesus Christ (Rom. 2:7; 1 Cor. 15:53 - 54; 2 Tim. 1:10).不死，这是要求，是代表作为一个特殊的礼物，涉嫌与赎回在耶稣基督（罗马书2时07分;一肺心病。 15时53 -5 4; 2添。 1 :10） 。 The same may be said of life, or eternal life (John 10:28; Rom. 6:22 - 23; Gal. 6:8; etc.).同时，可说是生活，或永恒的生命（约翰10时28分;光碟。 6时22 -2 3; G AL的。 6时0 8分;等） 。 It is freely granted that in all such passages life and immortality are represented as the privileged possession of the redeemed, but it is claimed that in these connections these terms do not represent merely continued existence, but rather connote existence in joyful fulfillment of man's high destiny in true fellowship with God (John 17:3).这是自由理所当然地认为在所有这些通道的生命和不朽的代表，作为拥有特权的赎回，但它是宣称，在这些连接这些条款，并不代表只是继续存在，而是内涵的存在，在欢乐的完成人的高命运在真正的团契与上帝（约翰福音17:3 ） 。
Cessation of existence, it is urged, is implied in various scriptural terms applied to the destiny of the wicked, such as death (Rom. 6:23; James 5:20; Rev. 20:14; etc.), destruction (Matt. 7:13; 10:28; 1 Thess. 1:9, etc.), perishing (John 3:16, etc.).停止存在，这是敦促，是隐含在各种圣经的条款适用于命运的恶人，如死亡（罗马书6时23分;詹姆斯5点20分;牧师20时14分;等） ，破坏（马特。 7时13分; 10时28分;书一。 1时09分，等） ， perishing （约翰3点16分，等等） 。 But these expressions do not so much imply annihilation as complete deprivation of some element essential to normal existence.但这些表现不那么意味着毁灭作为完整的剥夺某些元素必不可少的正常生存。 Physical death does not mean that body or soul vanishes, but rather that an abnormal separation takes place which severs their natural relationship until God's appointed time.肉体死亡并不意味着身体或灵魂的消失，而是一种不正常的分离需要的地方，断绝其自然的关系，直到上帝的指定时间。
Spiritual death, or the "second death" (Rev. 20:14; 21:8), does not mean that the soul or personality lapses into nonbeing, but rather that it is ultimately and finally deprived of that presence of God and fellowship with him which is the chief end of man and the essential condition of worthwhile existence.属灵的死亡，或“第二次的死” （启示录20时14分; 21时08分） ，这并不意味着灵魂或性格失误，到nonbeing ，而是这是最终和最后被剥夺了这种存在上帝和奖学金与他是行政月底男子和必要条件有价值的存在。 To be bereft of it is to perish, to be reduced to utter insignificance, to sink into abysmal futility.将束手无策，这是灭亡，减少到完全的渺小，陷入深不可测的是徒劳的。 An automobile is said to be wrecked, ruined, destroyed, not only when its constituent parts have been melted or scattered away, but also when they have been so damaged and distorted that the car has become completely unserviceable.汽车是说要破坏，破坏，摧毁，而不是只有当其组成部分已融化或分散远离，而且当他们已使破坏和歪曲说，汽车已成为完全无用。
It is inconsistent with God's love, it is urged, to allow any of his creatures to endure forever in torment.这是不符合天主的爱，这是呼吁，让他的任何动物要忍受永远在煎熬。 Furthermore, the continuance of evil would spell some area of permanent defeat for the divine sovereignty, a dark corner marring perpetually the glory of his universe.此外，继续将邪恶的拼写部分地区的永久失败，为神圣的主权，阴暗的角落marring永恒的荣耀，他的宇宙。
These considerations are not without weight, and a complete answer may not be possible in the present state of our knowledge.这些因素不无重量，和一个完整的答案可能无法在目前的状态，我们的知识。 They are not adjudged by traditional orthodoxy as sufficient to overthrow the substantial weight of scriptural evidence to the effect that the wicked will be consigned to endless conscious sorrow.他们不是判定由传统的东正教足以推翻了大量的重量圣经的证据，大意是恶人将寄售无休止的自觉的悲哀。 This is apparent from the expressions "fire unquenchable" (Isa. 66:24; Matt. 3:12; Luke 3:17), or "that never shall be quenched" (Mark 9:43, 45), the worm that "dieth not" (Isa. 66:24; Mark 9:44, 46, 48), "the wrath of God abideth on him" (John 3:36), as well as from the use of "everlasting" or "forever," applying to chains, contempt, destruction, fire or burning, punishment, torment (Isa. 33:14; Jer. 17:4; Dan. 12:2; Matt. 18:8; 25:41, 46; 2 Thess. 1:9; Jude 6 - 7; Rev. 14:11; 19:3; 20:10).这是明显的从表现形式“消防unquenchable ” （以赛亚66:24 ;马特。 3时12分;路加福音3时17分） ，或“从未应淬火” （马克9时43分， 45岁） ，蠕虫“ dieth不“ （以赛亚66:24 ;马克9点44 ， 46 ， 48 ） ， ”愤怒的上帝abideth对他“ （约翰3点36分） ，以及从使用”永远“或”永远， “适用于连锁店，蔑视，破坏，火灾或燃烧，惩罚折磨（以赛亚33:14 ;哲。 17时04分;丹。 12时02分;马特。 18时08分; 25:41 ， 46 ; 2 thess 。 1时09分;裘德6 -7 ;牧师1 4时1 1分; 1 9时0 3分; 2 0时1 0分） 。
It is worthy of note that, in the biblical record, those who spoke most about future punishment in its irrevocable finality are Jesus and the apostle John, the very ones who also represented most glowingly the supreme glory of God's love and the unshakable certainty of his ultimate triumph.这是值得注意的是，在圣经的纪录，那些谁发言最关心未来的处罚在其不可逆转的终局性是耶稣和使徒约翰，正是谁也派代表出席了最畅谈最高的荣耀，上帝的爱和不可动摇的肯定，他最终的胜利。
R Nicole
r妮可
(Elwell
Evangelical Dictionary) （ elwell福音事工促进会，字典）
Bibliography
参考书目
BB Warfield,
SHERK, I, 183 - 86; GC Joyce in HER E. In support of annihilationism: H
Constable, The Duration and Nature of Future Punishmen; CH Hewitt, A classbook
in Eschatology; E Lewis, Life and Immortality; FL Piper, Conditionalism.
BB心跳沃菲尔德， sherk ，我183 -8 6;气相色谱乔伊斯在她的e .在支持a nnihilationism： H的警官，时间长短和性质未来p
unishmen;的C H休伊特， c lassbook在末世电子商务刘易斯，人生观和永生;佛罗里达州伯尔， conditionalism 。
In opposition to annihilationism: H
Buis, The Doctrine of Eternal Punishment; R Garrigou - Lagrange, Life
Everlasting; WGT Shedd, Dogmatic Theology, II.在反对annihilationism ： H的buis
，中庸永恒的处罚; r贾瑞国-拉格朗日，生命永恒的; w gt谢德，教条式的神学，二。
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