The Umayyads were an Islamic dynasty established by the caliph Muawiyah I (Mu'awiya) in 661.在倭马亚王朝被一个伊斯兰王朝建立了由哈里发穆阿维耶我（穆阿维耶） 661 。 An earlier caliph, Uthman (r. 644-56), had been a member of the powerful Umayyad clan, but he was murdered and replaced by Ali.较早哈里发， uthman （传译644-56 ） ，已成员之一，强大的伍麦叶家族，但他是被人谋杀，取而代之的阿里。 When Muawiyah, previously governor of Syria, seized the caliphate, he made the succession hereditary and thus inaugurated dynastic rule.当穆阿维耶，以前总督的叙利亚，抢走哈里发，他提出继承世袭，因此上台朝代统治。 From their capital at Damascus, the Umayyad caliphs ruled a vast empire, extending from Europe to India, until 750.从他们的首都大马士革，伍麦叶caliphs统治一个庞大帝国，扩大从欧洲转移到印度，直到750人。 Thereafter the line continued in Spain until 1031.此后线继续在西班牙，直到1031年。
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A policy of continuous expansion, reaching its maximum extent under al-Walid I (r. 705-15), brought northwest Africa, Spain, western India, and portions of Central Asia into the Islamic empire and added greatly to Umayyad wealth.一项政策的不断扩展，达到最大程度下瓦利德我（传译705-15 ） ，但也带来非洲西北部，西班牙，印度西部和部分中亚地区成为伊斯兰帝国和补充，大大伍麦叶财富。 This expansion was the result of an efficient Syrian army and a powerful navy.这种扩张是导致一个有效率的叙利亚军队和一支强大的海军。 The Umayyad period was characterized by Arabization--the spread and intermarriage of Arabs with native peoples and the adoption of Arabic as the common language within the empire.在伍麦叶时期的特点是阿拉伯-传播和通婚的阿拉伯人与本土人民，并通过阿拉伯语作为国家通用语言文字与帝国。 The dynasty collapsed because of internal tribal and geographical rivalries and a return to the principles of Islam as the foundation of the state.王朝崩溃，是因为内部的部落和地域之争，并恢复以伊斯兰原则为基础的国家。 It was overthrown by the Abbasids, who massacred most members of the family.它被推翻，由abbasids ，谁屠杀了大部分家庭中的成员。 The Umayyad dynasty survived only in Spain, where Abd Al-Rahman I founded (756) the Umayyad emirate (later caliphate) of Cordoba.在伍麦叶王朝存活，只有在西班牙，那里阿卜杜勒拉赫曼i成立（ 756 ）伍麦叶酋长国（后来哈里发）的科尔多瓦。
Michael W. Dols迈克尔小dols
Bibliography:
参考书目：
Shaban, MA, The Abbasid Revolution
(1970) and Islamic History AD 600-750 (1971). shaban ，马，阿巴斯革命（
1970年）和伊斯兰历史上公元600-750 （ 1971 ） 。
Umayyad, also Omayyad, first great Arab Muslim dynasty of caliphs (religious and secular leaders) founded by Muawiyah I in 661 and lasting until 750.伍麦叶，也omayyad ，首先是伟大的阿拉伯穆斯林王朝caliphs （宗教和世俗领袖）创办穆阿维耶I在661和持久的，直到750人。 Uthman ibn Affan, a member of the prominent Umayyad family of Mecca, had been elected to the caliphate in 644 to succeed Umar I, but his weakness and nepotism resulted in rebellion and he was murdered in 656. uthman伊本阿番的一员，突出伍麦叶家族的麦加，已经当选为哈里发，在644成功乌马尔我，但他的弱点和裙带关系，导致叛乱，他是被人谋杀在656 。 Uthman was succeeded by Ali, son-in-law of the prophet Muhammad and chief of the legitimist party, which believed that only a member of Muhammad's family could rightfully hold the caliphate. uthman继任阿里女婿的先知穆罕默德和行政的legitimist党，也认为只有一名成员穆罕默德的家人可以理所当然地举行哈里发。 However, Muawiyah I, governor of Syria and first Umayyad caliph, revolted against Ali and, supported by Amr, the conqueror of Egypt, gained the advantage.不过，穆阿维耶我，省长叙利亚和第一伍麦叶哈里发，反抗，对阿里和支持的AMR ，征服者的埃及，赢得了优势。 Hailed as caliph at Jerusalem in 660, Muawiyah I was in complete control soon after the assassination of Ali the following year.被誉为哈里发在耶路撒冷的660 ，穆阿维耶我是在完全控制后不久，暗杀或下一年。 Under Muawiyah I the capital was changed from Medina to Damascus.根据穆阿维耶我的资本，改为由Medina大马士革。 Muawiyah I developed an administrative system modeled after the Byzantine Empire and before his death in 680 had secured the throne for his son, thus putting the state on a dynastic basis.穆阿维耶我开发一个行政系统为蓝本后，拜占庭帝国和死者去世前，在680名有担保宝座，为自己的儿子，从而把国家对朝代的基础。 Conquest was begun again with an offensive on all fronts.征服开始再次进攻，对各方面的发展。 Under Muawiyah I and his Umayyad successors, Muslim control of the Mediterranean region was completed.穆阿维耶下，我和他的伍麦叶接班人，穆斯林控制了整个地中海地区的工作已经完成。 The Arabs, led by a fierce North African Berber army commanded by Tariq, crossed from North Africa and eventually conquered Spain; in the east they met no effective opposition until they had passed the borders of India.阿拉伯人率领激烈的北非柏柏尔军队指挥的塔里克，越过了从北非，并最终战胜了西班牙，在东方，他们见了没有一个有效的反对党，直到他们已通过边界的印度。 They were stopped in the west by the Franks under Charles Martel and by the Byzantine Empire, which repulsed an attack on Constantinople early in the 8th century.他们被截停在西方由弗兰克斯根据查尔斯martel和拜占庭帝国，它击退了攻击君士坦丁堡早在8世纪。
Under the Umayyad dynasty, political and social ascendancy remained in the hands of a few Arab families from Mecca and Medina.根据伍麦叶王朝，政治和社会向上提升仍留在少数人手中的阿拉伯家庭，从麦加和麦地。 This caused the Muslim population, which had grown enormously as the empire expanded, to become increasingly discontented, especially since the Umayyads had found it necessary to increase their income from taxation.这引起了穆斯林人口，其中增加了很大的，因为帝国扩大，成为越来越多的不满，尤其是自倭马亚王朝已发现有必要，以增加他们的收入来自税收。 Lands were now taxed without regard to religion, and Muslims were exempt only from personal taxes.土地被征税，现在没有关于宗教和穆斯林都不能免除只从个人所得税。 Opposition centered in Persia where there was continued opposition to Syrian domination and where the legitimists allied themselves with the Abbasids, who claimed descent from Abbas, the uncle of the prophet Muhammad.反对派的中心位置在波斯那里继续反对向叙利亚统治，而legitimists专职自己与abbasids一名自称出身的，由阿巴斯，叔叔的先知穆罕默德。 The Abbasids overthrew the Umayyads in 750, killed the caliph, Marwan II, and gained the caliphate for themselves.该abbasids推翻了倭马亚王朝在750人，打死了哈里发，马尔万，第二，并获得了哈里发的人。 Members of the Umayyad family were located and slain, except for Abd-ar-Rahman I, who escaped to Córdoba, Spain, in 756 to rule as an independent emir.委员对伍麦叶家人被寻获遇害，除了abd -氩-拉赫曼，我的人出逃到科尔多瓦，西班牙，在756至统治作为一个独立的埃米尔。 The Abbasids moved the capital of the empire eastward to a new city, Baghdâd, which they founded on the Tigris River.该abbasids提出资本帝国向东推进到一个新的城市， baghdâd ，他们成立于底格里斯河。
The Umayyad Dynasty ( ummawiyy ) was the first dynasty of caliphs of the Prophet Muhammad who were not closely related to Muhammad himself, though they were of the same Makkah clan.在伍麦叶王朝（ ummawiyy ）是第一个王朝的caliphs的先知穆罕默德的人并不密切相关，穆罕默德本人，但他们的同一麦加家族。 The first dynasty reigned from 661 to 750.第一王朝的统治，由661至750人。
Muawiyah had been the governor of Syria under the 3rd and 4th caliphs, Uthman ibn Affan and Ali Ben Abu Talib.穆阿维耶已总督叙利亚根据第三次和第四次caliphs ， uthman伊本阿番和Ali贲阿布利布。 He fought and killed Ali in Egypt in 661 and declared himself caliph of Islam.他打和杀害阿里在埃及661 ，并声称自己哈里发的伊斯兰教。 He founded the dynasty and set the capitol to Damascus.他创立了清朝，建立国会山到大马士革。
The Umayyads were overthrown in the east by the Abbasid Dynasty.在倭马亚王朝被推翻后，在东方，由阿巴斯王朝。 An Umayyad prince, Abd-ar-rahman I, took over the Muslim territory in Spain and founded a new Umayyad dynasty there.一个伍麦叶王子， abd -氩-拉赫曼，我接手的穆斯林领土，在西班牙创立了一个新的伍麦叶王朝。
Umayyad
Caliphs (661-750) 伍麦叶caliphs （ 661-750 ）
Umayyad Emirs
of Cordoba (Spanish Umayyad Caliphs 929-1031) 伍麦叶埃米尔的科尔多瓦
（西班牙语伍麦叶caliphs 929-1031 ）
Umayyad
Caliphs of Cordoba 伍麦叶caliphs的科尔多瓦
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