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Originally, the
twelve tribes were identified by the names of the twelve sons of Jacob: Joseph,
Judah, Issachar, Benjamin, Levi, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Simeon, Dan, Zebulun,
Reuben.本来， 12个部落的人所确定的名称，十二个儿子雅各布：约瑟夫，犹大， issachar ，本杰明，利维， naphtali
，总装，阿什尔，西麦丹，西布伦， reuben 。 Later, Jacob told Joseph that he would
treat Joseph's two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim, as his
own.后来，雅各布说，约瑟夫说，他将对待约瑟夫的两个儿子， manasseh和艾弗冷，因为他自己的。 At that time, those two tribes replaced
Joseph and Levi among the Twelve:在那个时候，那两个部落所取代约瑟夫和Levi其中十二：
Much of the Old Testament records an assortment of political intrigues among the leaders of the twelve tribes.大部分的旧约全书记录了一个品类的政治阴谋领导人之间的十二个部落。
cc.消委会。 7-8 These tribes include Issachar (7:1-5); Benjamin (vv. 6-12); Naphtali (v. 13); Manasseh (vv. 14-19); Ephraim (vv. 20-29); Asher (vv. 30-40); the chief men of Benjamin (8:1-32); the house of Saul (vv. 33-40) [?]. 7-8这些部落包括issachar （ 7:1-5 ） ;本杰明（ vv. 6-12 ） ; naphtali （五13 ） ; manasseh （ vv. 14-19 ） ;艾弗冷（ vv. 20-29 ） ;阿什尔（ vv. 30-40 ） ，行政官兵本杰明（ 8:1-32 ） ;众议院娑罗双树（ vv. 33-40 ） [ ？ ] 。 Two tribes are omitted, Dan and Zebulon, but why, no one can determine.两个部族都省略，丹，并和西布伦，但为什么，没有人能够确定。 In the case of Dan, perhaps, it is judicial punishment because of their early and almost total fall into idolatry.在案件丹，也许，这就是司法惩罚，因为他们早，几乎完全陷入偶像崇拜。 They are omitted again in the list of Revelation 8.他们遗漏了，在名单上的启示8 。 Zebulon's omission is more difficult to explain.和西布伦的遗漏，更难以解释。 It was a small tribe, especially just before and whose territory included Nazareth where Jesus dwelt.这是一个小部落，尤其是刚刚才和其领土包括拿撒勒耶稣白景富。
The Tribe of Zebulun numbered at Sinai (Num. 1:31) and before entering Canaan (26:27).该部落的西布伦编号在西奈（ num. 1时31分）之前进入迦南（ 26:27 ） 。 It was one of the tribes which did not drive out the Canaanites, but only made them tributary (Judg. 1:30).这是一个部落，没有驱动器出canaanites ，但只能使它们的支流（ judg. 1:30 ） 。 It took little interest in public affairs.它兴趣不大，在公共事务。 It responded, however, readily to the summons of Gideon (6:35), and afterwards assisted in enthroning David at Hebron (1 Chr. 12:33, 40).它响应，不过，随时向传唤吉迪恩（ 6时35分） ，然后协助enthroning大卫在希伯伦（ 1人权委员会。 12时33分， 40 ） 。 Along with the other northern tribes, Zebulun was carried away into the land of Assyria by Tiglath-pileser (2 Kings 15:29).同其它北方部落，西布伦被运走成的土地assyria由tiglath - pileser （ 2国王， 15时29分） 。 In Deborah's song the words, "Out of Zebulun they that handle the pen of the writer" (Judg. 5:14) has been rendered in the RV, "They that handle the marshal's staff."在德博拉这首歌的词， "走出西布伦他们说，处理好笔的作家" （ judg. 5时14分）一直在提供风疹病毒， "他们说，处理好元帅的工作人员" 。 This is a questionable rendering.这是一个值得商榷的渲染效果。 "The word sopher ('scribe' or 'writer') defines the word shebhet ('rod' or 'pen') with which it is conjoined. The 'rod of the scribe' on the Assyrian monuments was the stylus of wood or metal, with the help of which the clay tablet was engraved, or the papyrus inscribed with characters. The scribe who wielded it was the associate and assistant of the 'lawgivers.'" (Sayce). "这个词sopher （ '文士'或'作者' ）的定义，这个词shebhet （ '棒'或'笔' ） ，它是连体。 '棒文士'对亚述纪念碑是针式木材或金属，借助其中粘土片被镌刻，或纸莎草纸刻有汉字。文士，他们挥舞它是副教授和助理的' lawgivers ' " （沙伊斯） 。
(Easton Illustrated Dictionary) （伊斯顿说明字典）
The Tribe of Reuben, at the Exodus numbered 46,500 male adults, from twenty years old and upwards (Num. 1:20, 21), and at the close of the wilderness wanderings they numbered only 43,730 (26:7).该部落的reuben ，在逃亡编号46500成年男性，从二十九岁及以上（ num. 1:20 ， 21 ） ，并在结算旷野wanderings他们的人数只有43730 （ 26:7 ） 。 This tribe united with that of Gad in asking permission to settle in the "land of Gilead," "on the other side of Jordan" (32:1-5).这个部落的团结与该总装要求获准定居的"土地的基列" ， "在另一边的约旦" （ 32:1-5 ） 。 The lot assigned to Reuben was the smallest of the lots given to the trans-Jordanic tribes.该地段指派reuben是最小的地段给跨jordanic部落。 It extended from the Arnon, in the south along the coast of the Dead Sea to its northern end, where the Jordan flows into it (Josh. 13:15-21, 23).它延长，从arnon ，在南方沿海一带的死海，其北端，那里约旦流入（ josh. 13:15-21 ， 23 ） 。 It thus embraced the original kingdom of Sihon.因此，它包含了原英国的国西宏。 Reuben is "to the eastern tribes what Simeon is to the western. 'Unstable as water,' he vanishes away into a mere Arabian tribe. 'His men are few;' it is all he can do 'to live and not die.' reuben是"东部部落什么西麦是西部'不稳定水，他消失了距离成为一个纯粹的阿拉伯部落'他的手下正数; ' ，这是他能做的'安居乐业不会死。 We hear of nothing beyond the multiplication of their cattle in the land of Gilead, their spoils of 'camels fifty thousand, and of asses two thousand' (1 Chr. 5:9, 10, 20, 21). In the great struggles of the nation he never took part. The complaint against him in the song of Deborah is the summary of his whole history. 'By the streams of Reuben,' ie, by the fresh streams which descend from the eastern hills into the Jordan and the Dead Sea, on whose banks the Bedouin chiefs met then as now to debate, in the 'streams' of Reuben great were the 'desires'", ie, resolutions which were never carried out, the people idly resting among their flocks as if it were a time of peace (Judg. 5:15, 16).我们听到的没有什么超越乘法他们的牛只在土地的基列，他们的战利品的'骆驼五万，并评量2000 ' （ 1人权委员会。 5点09 ，第10 ，第20 ， 21 ） ，在伟大的斗争民族的，他从来没有参加。投诉，对他在这首歌的德博拉是简易的他的整个历史。 '由溪流reuben ' ，即由淡水溪流往下掉，其中来自东部丘陵到约旦与死人海，对银行的贝都因酋长会见了当时与现在一样，以辩论中，在'小溪'的reuben伟大的人'愿望' " ，即决议，其中没有进行，人民坐视不管，休息间，他们成群，因为如果它当时的和平（ judg.下午5时15 ， 16 ） 。 Stanley's Sinai and Palestine.赤柱的西奈半岛和巴勒斯坦。 All the three tribes on the east of Jordan at length fell into complete apostasy, and the time of retribution came.所有这三个部落对东的约旦在长度下跌，形成完整的变节，和时间的报应来了。 God "stirred up the spirit of Pul, king of Assyria, and the spirit of Tiglath-pileser, king of Assyria," to carry them away, the first of the tribes, into captivity (1 Chr. 5:25, 26).上帝"的做法激起了精神的脉冲，国王assyria和精神tiglath - pileser ，国王assyria " ，以进行他们离开时，首先部落，到圈养（ 1人权委员会。 5时25分， 26 ） 。
(Easton Illustrated Dictionary) （伊斯顿说明字典）
The Tribe of Simeon was "divided and scattered" according to the prediction in Gen. 49:5-7.该部落的预言是： "分裂与分散相"据预测，在将军49:5-7 。 They gradually dwindled in number, and sank into a position of insignificance among the other tribes.他们逐步缩减在数量，并就陷入了位置的渺小之间的其他部族。 They decreased in the wilderness by about two-thirds (comp. Num. 1:23; 26:14).他们减少了在旷野，大约有三分之二（ comp.序号。 1:23 ; 26:14 ） 。 Moses pronounces no blessing on this tribe.摩西判决没有福气就这个部落。 It is passed by in silence (Deut. 33).它是通过在沉默（申命记33 ） 。 This tribe received as their portion a part of the territory already allotted to Judah (Josh. 19:1-9).这个部落收到作为其部分领土的一部分已经分配给犹大（ josh. 19:1-9 ） 。 It lay in the south-west of the land, with Judah on the east and Dan on the north; but whether it was a compact territory or not cannot be determined.它卧在西南方的土地，与犹大对东亚和丹对北调，但是否这是一个紧凑的领土或不尚不能确定。 The subsequent notices of this tribe are but few (1 Chr. 4:24-43).随后告示本部落的，不过是数（ 1人权委员会。 4:24-43 ） 。 Like Reuben on the east of Jordan, this tribe had little influence on the history of Israel.像reuben对东亚的约旦，这个部落的影响不大以色列历史上的。
(Easton Illustrated Dictionary) （伊斯顿说明字典）
The Tribe of Ephraim took precedence over that of Manasseh by virtue of Jacob's blessing (Gen. 41:52; 48:1).该部落的艾弗冷凌驾于即manasseh凭借雅各的祝福（创41:52 ; 48:1 ） 。 The descendants of Joseph formed two of the tribes of Israel, whereas each of the other sons of Jacob was the founder of only one tribe.华夏子孙，约瑟夫形成两个部落的以色列，而每个其他的儿子雅各布是创办人的，只有一个部落。 Thus there were in reality thirteen tribes; but the number twelve was preserved by excluding that of Levi when Ephraim and Manasseh are mentioned separately (Num. 1:32-34; Josh. 17:14, 17; 1 Chr. 7:20).因此，在现实的十三部落，但这个数目12个被保留，排除这对利维时，艾弗冷和manasseh提到分开（ num. 1:32-34 ;乔什。 17:14 17 1人权委员会。 7时20分） 。
At the time of the first census in the wilderness this tribe numbered 40,500 (Num. 1:32, 33); forty years later, when about to take possession of the Promised Land, it numbered only 32,500.在当时的第一次人口普查，在荒无人烟的戈壁滩上这个部落的编号为40500 （ num. 1:32 ， 33 ） ;四十年后，当即将接管的应许之地，它的编号，只有32500 。 During the march Ephraim's place was on the west side of the tabernacle (Num. 2:18-24).在3月艾弗冷的地方，是对海峡西岸幕（ num. 2:18-24 ） 。 When the spies were sent out to spy the land, "Oshea the son of Nun" of this tribe signalized himself.当间谍被发送给间谍土地， " oshea的儿子尼姑"的这个部落灯号控制自己。 The boundaries of the portion of the land assigned to Ephraim are given in Josh.边界的部分土地分配给艾弗冷，是由于在说笑。 16:1-10. 16:1-10 。 It included most of what was afterwards called Samaria as distinguished from Judea and Galilee.它包括的大部分东西是所谓的事后撒马利亚有别于朱迪亚和加利利。 It thus lay in the centre of all traffic, from north to south, and from Jordan to the sea, and was about 55 miles long and 30 broad.因此，它卧在该中心的所有车辆，从北到南，并从约旦到大海，并于大约55英里长30广阔。 The tabernacle and the ark were deposited within its limits at Shiloh, where it remained for four hundred years.帐幕和方舟存入其限制在希洛，在那里停留了四百年。
During the time of the judges and the first stage of the monarchy this tribe manifested a domineering and haughty and discontented spirit.在这段日子的法官和第一阶段的君主制这个部落表现出霸道和傲慢而不满的精神。 "For more than five hundred years, a period equal to that which elapsed between the Norman Conquest and the War of the Roses, Ephraim, with its two dependent tribes of Manasseh and Benjamin, exercised undisputed pre-eminence. Joshua the first conqueror, Gideon the greatest of the judges, and Saul the first king, belonged to one or other of the three tribes. It was not till the close of the first period of Jewish history that God 'refused the tabernacle of Joseph, and chose not the tribe of Ephraim, but chose the tribe of Judah, the Mount Zion which he loved' (Ps. 78: 67, 68). "多五百年，一段等于说，其中过去了之间诺曼征服和战争的玫瑰花，艾弗冷，其供养两名部落manasseh和本杰明，行使不争的预隆起。约书亚第一征服者，吉迪恩最大的是法官，并娑罗双树第一景，属于一个或其他的三个部落，它是不是到了密切的，第一期的犹太历史上帝'拒绝幕约瑟夫，并选择了不部落艾弗冷，但选择了部落的犹大，锡安山，其中他爱』 （诗篇78 ： 67 ， 68 ） 。
When the ark was removed from Shiloh to Zion the power of Ephraim was humbled." Among the causes which operated to bring about the disruption of Israel was Ephraim's jealousy of the growing power of Judah. From the settlement of Canaan till the time of David and Solomon, Ephraim had held the place of honour among the tribes. It occupied the central and fairest portions of the land, and had Shiloh and Shechem within its borders. But now when Jerusalem became the capital of the kingdom, and the centre of power and worship for the whole nation of Israel, Ephraim declined in influence. The discontent came to a crisis by Rehoboam's refusal to grant certain redresses that were demanded (1 Kings 12). (Easton Illustrated Dictionary)当方舟被革职希洛锡安的权力艾弗冷感到受宠若惊"的原因之一，它的运作方式带来的干扰以色列是艾弗冷的嫉妒的力量日益强大，犹大，从解决迦南到的时候，大卫和索罗门，艾弗冷举行了地方的荣誉各部落的，它占领了中央和最公平的一部分土地，并已希洛和shechem在其边界内，但现在当耶路撒冷成为王国首都，以及权力中心和崇拜，为全民族的以色列，艾弗冷下降的影响力。不满，一度处于危机雷霍博姆拒绝给予一定能纠正被要求（ 1国王12 ） 。 （伊斯顿说明字典）
Judah and his three surviving sons went down with Jacob into Egypt (Gen. 46:12; Ex. 1:2).犹大和他的三名幸存的儿子去打倒雅各到埃及（创46:12 ;特惠。 1:2 ） 。 At the time of the Exodus, when we meet with the family of Judah again, they have increased to the number of 74,000 males (Num. 1:26, 27).在时间的流失，当我们与家人的犹大，他们已经上升到人数74 000男（ num. 1时26分， 27 ） 。 Its number increased in the wilderness (26:22).其人数增加了在荒无人烟的戈壁滩上（ 26:22 ） 。 Caleb, the son of Jephunneh, represented the tribe as one of the spies (13:6; 34:19).历说，他们儿子的jephunneh ，代表了部落的一个间谍（ 13时06分; 34:19 ） 。 This tribe marched at the van on the east of the tabernacle (Num. 2:3-9; 10:14), its standard, as is supposed, being a lion's whelp.这个部落的游行，在车东的帐幕（ num. 2:3-9 ; 10时14分） ，其标准，是作为一个狮子的whelp 。 Under Caleb, during the wars of conquest, they conquered that portion of the country which was afterwards assigned to them as their inheritance.历下，在征服战争，他们征服了部分的国家，事后被分派给他们，因为他们的继承权。 This was the only case in which any tribe had its inheritance thus determined (Josh. 14:6-15; 15:13-19).这是唯一的情况下，在任何族群有其继承，因此待定（ josh. 14:6-15 ; 15:13-19 ） 。 The inheritance of the tribe of Judah was at first fully one-third of the whole country west of Jordan, in all about 2,300 square miles (Josh. 15).继承部落的犹大是首个完全三分一的整个西方国家的约旦，在所有约有2300平方英里（ josh. 15 ） 。 But there was a second distribution, when Simeon received an allotment, about 1,000 square miles, out of the portion of Judah (Josh. 19:9).但有一个第二次分配时，西蒙接到配售，约1000平方英里，出于部分犹大（ josh. 19时09分） 。 That which remained to Judah was still very large in proportion to the inheritance of the other tribes.这其中仍有犹大仍然是非常大的比例，以继承的其他部族。
The boundaries of the territory are described in Josh.边界领土描述乔什。 15:20-63. 15:20-63 。 This territory given to Judah was divided into four sections.这一领土给犹大被分为四个部分。 (1.) The south (Heb. negeb), the undulating pasture-ground between the hills and the desert to the south (Josh. 15:21.) This extent of pasture-land became famous as the favourite camping-ground of the old patriarchs. （ 1 ）南（希伯来书尼革） ，起伏的草场地面之间的山丘和沙漠南（ josh. 15时21分） ，这个程度的草场地成为国际知名，因为喜爱露营地面的老patriarchs 。 (2.) The "valley" (15:33) or lowland (Heb. shephelah), a broad strip lying between the central highlands and the Mediterranean. （ 2 ） "谷" （ 15时33分） ，或低地（希伯来书shephelah ） ，广阔地带躺在之间的中部高地和地中海。 This tract was the garden as well as the granary of the tribe.这道是花园，以及为粮仓的部落。 (3.) The "hill-country," or the mountains of Judah, an elevated plateau stretching from below Hebron northward to Jerusalem. （ 3 ） "山国" ，或者堆积如山的犹大，高架高原，从下面希伯伦北上耶路撒冷。 "The towns and villages were generally perched on the tops of hills or on rocky slopes. The resources of the soil were great. The country was rich in corn, wine, oil, and fruit; and the daring shepherds were able to lead their flocks far out over the neighbouring plains and through the mountains." "城镇和村庄被普遍perched对毛条的山丘或岩石的山坡上。资源的土壤也很不错。该国丰富的玉米，酒，油，果，并勇于在牧羊人人能带领他们成群远远超过了邻近的平原，并通过山" 。 The number of towns in this district was thirty-eight (Josh. 15:48-60).有多少城镇在此区是38 （ josh. 15:48-60 ） 。 (4.) The "wilderness," the sunken district next the Dead Sea (Josh. 15:61), "averaging 10 miles in breadth, a wild, barren, uninhabitable region, fit only to afford scanty pasturage for sheep and goats, and a secure home for leopards, bears, wild goats, and outlaws" (1 Sam. 17:34; 22:1; Mark 1:13). （四） "北大荒"已沉没区未来死海（ josh. 15:61 ） ， "平均每10英里，在广度，野生，贫瘠，不适宜居住的地区，适合只负担一知半解，牧草，为绵羊和山羊，和一个安全的家，豹，熊，野生山羊，和歹徒" （ 1萨姆。 17时34分; 22时01分;马克1:13 ） 。 It was divided into the "wilderness of En-gedi" (1 Sam. 24:1), the "wilderness of Judah" (Judg. 1:16; Matt. 3:1), between the Hebron mountain range and the Dead Sea, the "wilderness of Maon" (1 Sam. 23:24).它分为"旷野的恩盖迪" （ 1萨姆。 24:1 ） ， "荒野的犹大" （ judg. 1:16 ;马特。 3:1 ）之间，希伯伦山脉和死海中， "荒原maon " （ 1萨姆。 23时24分） 。 It contained only six cities.它仅载有6个城市。 Nine of the cities of Judah were assigned to the priests (Josh. 21:9-19).有9个城市的犹大被分派到神父（ josh. 21:9-19 ） 。
(Easton Illustrated Dictionary) （伊斯顿说明字典）
On this tribe Jacob pronounced the patriarchal blessing, "Naphtali is a hind let loose: he giveth goodly words" (Gen. 49:21).关于这个部落雅各布宣判：宗法祝福" naphtali是后腿，让松散：他给予的善字" （创49:21 ） 。 It was intended thus to set forth under poetic imagery the future character and history of the tribe.它的用意是以此来阐述下意境未来的性格和历史的部落。 At the time of the Exodus this tribe numbered 53,400 adult males (Num. 1:43), but at the close of the wanderings they numbered only 45,400 (26:48-50).在时间的流失这个部落的人数为53400成年男性（ num. 1时43分） ，但在结束了wanderings他们的人数只有45400 （ 26:48-50 ） 。 Along with Dan and Asher they formed "the camp of Dan," under a common standard (2:25-31), occupying a place during the march on the north side of the tabernacle.随着丹和阿什尔他们形成了"训练营的王丹， "下一个共同的标准（ 2:25-31 ） ，占领一个地方，在3月就北边的帐幕。 The possession assigned to this tribe is set forth in Josh.管分配到这个部落中所列乔什。 19:32-39. 19:32-39 。 It lay in the north-eastern corner of the land, bounded on the east by the Jordan and the lakes of Merom and Galilee, and on the north it extended far into Coele-Syria, the valley between the two Lebanon ranges.它奠定在该国东北部的光焰普照大地，东面界限由约旦和湖泊的Merom和加利利，并就北延长到久远coele -叙利亚，山谷之间的两个黎巴嫩不等。
It comprehended a greater variety of rich and beautiful scenery and of soil and climate than fell to the lot of any other tribe.它理解更多种类的丰富和美丽的风光和土壤和气候比下降至该地段的任何其他部落。 The territory of Naphtali extended to about 800 square miles, being the double of that of Issachar.境内naphtali扩大到约800平方公里，目前的两倍，即issachar 。 The region around Kedesh, one of its towns, was originally called Galil, a name afterwards given to the whole northern division of Canaan.该地区靠近kedesh ，它的一个城镇，最初叫耗资10 ，这个名字后，给整个北方的分工迦南。 A large number of foreigners settled here among the mountains, and hence it was called "Galilee of the Gentiles" (qv), Matt.大批外国人定居之间的山区，因此，它被称为"加利利的外邦人" （请参阅） ，马特。 4:15, 16. 4:15 ， 16 。 The southern portion of Naphtali has been called the "Garden of Palestine."南部部分naphtali被称为"花园巴勒斯坦" 。 It was of unrivalled fertility.这是一个具有无可比拟的生育能力。 It was the principal scene of our Lord's public ministry.它一直是主要的现场，我们的主的公共事务部。 Here most of his parables were spoken and his miracles wrought.在这里他的大部分parables分别发言，他的神迹紧张得要命。 This tribe was the first to suffer from the invasion of Benhadad, king of Syria, in the reigns of Baasha, king of Israel, and Asa, king of Judah (1 Kings 15:20; 2 Chr. 16:4).这个部落是第一个遭受入侵benhadad ，国王叙利亚，在统治者巴沙，以色列的国王，与小剂量阿司匹林，国王的犹大（ 1国王15:20 2人权委员会。 16时04分） 。 In the reign of Pekah, king of Israel, the Assyrians under Tiglath-pileser swept over the whole north of Israel, and carried the people into captivity (2 Kings 15:29).在腥风血雨的pekah ，以色列的国王，亚述人，根据tiglath - pileser横扫整个以色列北部，并进行了民意圈养（ 2国王， 15时29分） 。 Thus the kingdom of Israel came to an end (BC 722).因此，英国对以色列刚一结束（公元前722 ） 。 Naphtali is now almost wholly a desert, the towns of Tiberias, on the shore of the Lake of Galilee, and Safed being the only places in it of any importance. naphtali现在几乎全沙漠中，城镇太巴列，对岸边的湖面加利利和无害作为唯一的地方在它的任何意义。
(Easton Illustrated Dictionary) （伊斯顿说明字典）
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