Salah ad-din, Yusuf ibn Ayyub, known as Saladin in the West, bc1138, d.萨拉赫专案声浪，优素福伊本ayyub ，被称为萨拉丁在西方， bc1138 ，四 Mar. 4, 1193, a Muslim warrior and founder of the Ayyubid dynasty, was a staunch opponent of the Crusades. 1193年3月4日，穆斯林和武士的创始人之一，艾优卜王朝，是一个坚强的对手的十字军东征。 Of Kurdish descent, Saladin was raised in northern Syria, where members of his family were prominent government and military leaders under the rule of the Zangid dynasty.库尔德人血统，萨拉丁提出了在北部叙利亚，凡家庭成员被突出，政府和军队领导人的统治下，该zangid王朝。
In 1152 he joined the staff of his uncle Shirkuh and later accompanied (1169) Shirkuh, who headed a Zangid army, to Egypt, where he helped the Fatimid rulers resist the Crusaders.在1152年，他加入了工作人员的他的叔叔shirkuh后来伴随着（ 1169 ） shirkuh ，他曾率领zangid军队，以埃及，在那里他帮助的法蒂玛统治者抵御十字军。 Shirkuh was appointed (1169) Fatimid vizier but died two months later; Saladin, officially installed as Shirkuh's successor, effectively repulsed the Crusaders. shirkuh被任命为（ 1169 ）的法蒂玛vizier但死于两个月后;萨拉丁，正式安装shirkuh的继任者，有力地击退了十字军。 He solidified his power base in 1171 when he overthrew the Fatimid dynasty, returning Egypt to Islamic orthodoxy and becoming sole ruler there.他夯实了他的权力基础，在1171年时，他推翻了的法蒂玛王朝，回到埃及伊斯兰极端正统，并成为唯一的统治者。
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Saladin not only vanquished the Crusaders but also restored Egypt as the major power in the Middle East.萨拉丁不仅战胜了十字军，但也恢复了埃及视为自己的大国在中东。 Within Egypt he established a stable dynasty, encouraged education, and reformed the financial structure to support the armed Kurdish and Turkish cavalry.在埃及，他建立了一个稳定的时期，鼓励教育，并改革金融体制以支持库尔德武装与土耳其骑兵。 Saladin also initiated a prolonged period of economic prosperity, population growth, and cultural revival.萨拉丁还发起了一场持久的经济繁荣时期，人口增长和文化的复兴。 After he died, however, the Turks -- especially the Mamelukes -- began to predominate.之后，他真的死了，不过，土耳其人-尤其是m amelukes-开始占主导地位。
Michael W. Dols迈克尔小dols
Bibliography:
参考书目：
Ehrenkreutz, Andrew S., Saladin (1972);
Gibb, HAR, The Life of Saladin: From the Works of 'Imad ad-Din and Baha 'ad-Din
(1973) and Saladin: Studies in Islamic History (1974); Newby, PH, Saladin in His
Time (1984). ehrenkreutz ，郑家富美因萨拉丁（ 1972年）
;吉布，采伐，生命的萨拉丁：从工程的'伊马德广告DIN和巴哈'专案声浪（ 1973 ）和萨拉丁：研究在伊斯兰历史上（ 1974年） ;新条文，
pH值，萨拉丁在他的时候（ 1984年） 。
Saladin (1138-1193) was a Muslim leader, who recaptured Jerusalem from the Crusaders.萨拉丁（ 1138至1193年）是一个穆斯林领袖，收复耶路撒冷从十字军。
Born in Tikrît, Iraq, Saladin, as he is known in the West, was a Kurd; his Arabic name is Salah ad-Din Yusuf. At the age of 14 he joined other members of his family (the Ayyubids) in the service of the Syrian ruler Nur ad-Din.出生于tikrît ，伊拉克，萨拉丁，因为他是众所周知的，在西方，是一个库尔德人，他的阿拉伯语名字是萨拉赫专案- Din的优素福在年满14岁，他加入了其他家庭成员（ ayyubids ）在服务叙利亚统治者努尔专案声浪。 Between 1164 and 1169 he distinguished himself in three expeditions sent by Nur ad-Din to aid the decadent Fatimid rulers of Egypt against attacks by the Christian Crusaders based in Palestine.与1164年和1169年，他尊敬自己，在三名探险队派出由努尔专案- Din的救助颓废的法蒂玛王朝的统治者对埃及发动攻击基督教十字军总部设在巴勒斯坦。 In 1169 he was made commander in chief of the Syrian army and vizier of Egypt.在1169年，他取得了总指挥官的叙利亚军队和vizier的埃及。 Although nominally subject to the authority of the Fatimid caliph in Cairo, Saladin treated Egypt as an Ayyubid power base, relying mainly on his Kurdish family and supporters.虽然名义上是受监督的法蒂玛王朝哈里发在开罗，萨拉丁把埃及作为艾优卜的权力基础，主要依靠他的库尔德家庭和支持者。 Having revitalized Egypt's economy and reorganized its land and naval forces, Saladin repelled the Crusaders and took the offensive against them.经振兴埃及的经济和改组，其土地和海军力量，萨拉丁击退了十字军发动攻势，对付他们。 In September 1171 he suppressed the dissident Fatimid regime, reuniting Egypt with the orthodox Abbasid caliphate, but his reluctance to cooperate with Nur ad-Din against the Crusaders brought himto the brink of war with his former master.在1171年9月，他压制持不同政见者的法蒂玛制度，统一埃及与东正教阿巴斯哈里发，但他不愿合作与努尔专案- Din的打击十字军带来himto战争的边缘，与他的前主人。
After Nur ad-Din's death in 1174, Saladin expanded his power in Syria and northern Mesopotamia, mainly at the expense of his Muslim rivals.经过努尔专案丁的死在1174年，萨拉丁扩大其权力，在叙利亚和北部的美索不达米亚，主要是建立在牺牲他的穆斯林对手。 Following the submission of Damascus (1174), Halab (Aleppo) (1183), and Mosul (1186), numerous Muslim armies, allied under Saladin's command, were ready to move against the Crusaders.以下提交大马士革（ 1174 ） ， halab （阿勒颇） （ 1183 ） ，和摩苏尔（ 1186 ） ，许多穆斯林军队，盟军萨拉丁下的指挥，随时准备对付十字军。 In 1187 he invaded the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem, defeated the Christians at Hittin in Galilee (July 4), and captured Jerusalem the following October.在1187年，他侵入了拉丁语英国在耶路撒冷，打败了基督徒在hittin在加利利（七月四日） ，并抓获耶路撒冷以下十月。 In 1189 the nations of western Europe launched the Third Crusade to win back the holy city.在1189个国家，西欧发动第三次十字军东征，夺回圣城。
Despite Saladin's relentless military and diplomatic efforts a Christian land and naval blockade forced the surrender of the Palestinian stronghold of Acre (now 'Akko) in 1191, but the Crusaders failed to follow up this victory in their quest for Jerusalem.尽管萨拉丁的无情的军事和外交努力，是一个基督教的土地和海上封锁，迫使投降的巴勒斯坦据点英亩（现在变成了' akko ） ，在1191年，但十字军未能跟进这一胜利，双方在一系列问题上耶路撒冷。 In 1192 Saladin concluded an armistice agreement with King Richard I of England that allowed the Crusaders to reconstitute their kingdom along the Palestinian-Syrian coast but left Jerusalem in Muslim hands.在第1192萨拉丁缔结了一项停战协定与国王理查德，我认为，英格兰允许十字军重组，他们沿英国对巴勒斯坦和叙利亚沿岸，但离开耶路撒冷在穆斯林手中。 On March 4, 1193, Saladin died in Damascus after a brief illness.于1193年3月4日，萨拉丁死在大马士革经过短暂的疾病。
Muslim historiography has immortalized Saladin as a paragon of princely virtue.穆斯林史学已永生萨拉丁作为一个典范princely美德。 He has held enduring fascination for Western writers, including modern novelists.他先后持久的魅力，为西方作家，包括现代小说家。
Andrew Stefan Ehrenkreutz郑家富斯特凡ehrenkreutz
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