During the ten years between his arrival in Medina and his death in AD 632, Muhammad laid the foundation for the ideal Islamic state.在十年间，他的到来在Medina和他的去世在公元632 ，穆罕默德奠定了基础，为理想的伊斯兰国家。 A core of committed Muslims was established, and a community life was ordered according to the requirements of the new religion.一个核心承诺的穆斯林成立时，和一个社区的生活被勒令必须按照这个新的宗教。 In addition to general moral injunctions, the requirements of the religion came to include a number of institutions that continue to characterize Islamic religious practice today.除了一般的道德禁令，要求宗教来包括一些机构继续特点伊斯兰宗教实践的今天。 Foremost among these were the five pillars of Islam, the essential religious duties required of every adult Muslim who is mentally able. The five pillars are each described in some part of the Qur'an and were already practiced during Muhammad's lifetime.其中最主要的有五个支柱伊斯兰教，主要宗教职责所需的所有成年的穆斯林，他们是弱智能。 五大支柱是彼此的描述在某些部分的古兰经 ，并已在实践中穆罕默德的一生。 They are the profession of faith (shahada), prayer (salat), almsgiving (zakat), fasting (sawm), and pilgrimage (hajj). Although some of these practices had precedents in Jewish, Christian, and other Middle Eastern religious traditions, taken together they distinguish Islamic religious practices from those of other religions. The five pillars are thus the most central rituals of Islam and constitute the core practices of the Islamic faith.他们是专业的信仰（ shahada ） ，祈祷（礼拜） ，救济（课） ，禁食（索姆） ，并朝圣（朝觐） 。尽管这些做法已有先例，在犹太教，基督教，和其他中东宗教传统，两者合计，他们区分伊斯兰宗教习俗有别于其他宗教的五大支柱，因此最核心的礼仪伊斯兰教构成核心的做法，信奉伊斯兰教。
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The profession of faith, or witness to faith (shahada), is therefore the prerequisite for membership in the Muslim community.法律界的信仰，或见证信仰（ shahada ） ，因此为前提的成员在穆斯林社区。 On several occasions during a typical day, and in the saying of daily prayers, a Muslim repeats the profession, "I bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is his prophet."在几个场合中，一个典型的一天，而在说，每天祈祷，穆斯林重复专业， "我的见证，有没有上帝，但安拉和穆罕默德是他的先知" 。 There are no formal restrictions on the times and places these words can be repeated.有没有正规的限制，对时间和地点的话，可以反复。 To become a member of the Muslim community, a person has to profess and act upon this belief in the oneness of God and the prophethood of Muhammad.成为会员的穆斯林社区，一个人信奉和行为，基于这个信念，在唯有真主和prophethood的穆罕默德。 To be a true profession of faith that represents a relationship between the speaker and God, the verbal utterance must express genuine knowledge of its meaning as well as sincere belief.已经成为一个真正的职业信条，它代表的关系，议长和为神，口头话语要表达的真正了解其含义，以及真诚的信仰。 A person's deeds can be subjected to scrutiny by other Muslims, but a person's utterance of the profession of faith is sufficient evidence of membership in the Muslim community and cannot be challenged by other members of this community.一个人的事迹，可以不受审议其他穆斯林人，但一个人的话语的职业信仰是有足够证据的成员在穆斯林社会，不能受到挑战其他成员的社群。
The most detailed descriptions of the rituals for prayer derive from the example set by the prophet Muhammad and are preserved in later Islamic traditions.最详尽的描述，加上礼仪祈祷来自所树立的榜样，先知穆罕默德，并保存在后来的伊斯兰传统。 Some details of these rituals vary, however all Muslims agree that there are five required daily prayers to be performed at certain times of day: dawn (fajr or subh), noon (zuhr), midafternoon (asr), sunset (maghrib), and evening (isha). The dawn, noon, and sunset prayers do not start exactly at dawn, noon, and sunset; instead, they begin just after, to distinguish the Islamic ritual from earlier pagan practices of worshiping the sun when it rises or sets.一些细节，这些祭仪不尽相同，但所有穆斯林都同意，有5个需要每天祈祷 ，以履行在某些时候的一天：黎明（晨或subh ） ，中午（晌礼） ，下午（语音识别） ，日落（马格里布） ，并今晚（ isha ） 。黎明，中午，日落祷告不要开始，正是在黎明，中午，黄昏，而是刚刚开始后，要注意区分伊斯兰礼仪，从先前的做法异教崇拜太阳时，上升或套。
A prayer is made up of a sequence of units called bowings (rak'as). During each of these units, the worshiper stands, bows, kneels, and prostrates while reciting verses from the Qur'an as well as other prayer formulas. With some variations among different Muslim sects, at noon, afternoon, and evening prayers, these units are repeated four times, while during the sunset prayer they are repeated three times, and at dawn only twice. The opening chapter of the Qur'an, al-Fatiha, is repeated in each unit in a prayer sequence.祈祷是弥补了一个序列的单位，所谓bowings （ rak'as ） ，在上述各单位， worshiper看台，鞠躬， kneels ， prostrates而背诵诗词，从古兰经以及其他祈祷公式，随着有些差异在不同的穆斯林教派，中午，下午及傍晚的祈祷，这些单位反复4次，而在日落祷告，他们都重复3次，并在黎明只有两次。开篇的古兰经， 铝- fatiha ，是反复在各单位在祈祷序列。 Each prayer concludes with the recitation of the profession of faith followed by the greeting "may the peace, mercy, and blessings of God be upon you."每次祷告结束与背诵的职业信仰，其次是迎来了"愿和平，慈悲和祝福，上帝将降临你" 。
Wherever Muslims live in substantial numbers throughout the world, the call to prayer, or adhan, is repeated five times a day by a muezzin (crier) from a mosque, the Muslim place of worship.而穆斯林居住在大量在世界各地，呼吁祈祷，或adhan ，反复5次，每天由一名muezzin （ crier ） ，从一所清真寺，穆斯林礼拜场所。 Muslims are encouraged to pray together in mosques, but group prayer is only a religious obligation for the noon prayer on Friday.穆斯林是鼓励一起祈祷在清真寺，但集团祷告仅仅是一个宗教义务为中午祈祷周五。 Women, travelers, sick Muslims, and those attending to the sick are granted license not to attend the Friday congregational prayer, although they may attend if they wish.妇女，旅行者，患病穆斯林，并出席者向不适授予许可不参加周五祈祷堂，虽然他们可能参加，如果他们的愿望。
The Friday noon prayer is led by an imam, who is simply a prayer leader; this prayer differs from the usual noon prayers of the other days of the week. As a required part of the ritual at this congregational meeting, two sermons precede the prayer. On other days, Muslims can pray anywhere they wish, either individually or in groups.在周五中午祈祷是由一名阿訇，他们根本是一个祈祷领袖;这种祷告不同于惯常中午祈祷的其他一周的天数， 作为一个必要的部分仪式，在这堂次会议上，两个布道先祷告就在其他日子，穆斯林可以在任何地方祈祷，他们希望，无论是单独或集体行动。 They must observe the rituals of praying at certain times of day, facing in the direction of Mecca, observing the proper order of prayers, and preparing through symbolic purification.他们必须遵守礼仪的祈祷，在某些时候的一天，在面临方向的麦加，遵守秩序的祈祷，并准备通过象征性的净化。
Depending on the situation, this last ritual of ablution requires either total washing of the body or a less elaborate ritual washing of the hands, mouth, face, and feet.根据情况，这个最后的仪式，洗盥要求要么总清洗身体或较少阐释祭祀清洗手部，口部，脸部和脚。
In addition to the five required daily prayers, Muslims can perform non-obligatory prayers, some of which have fixed ritual formats and are performed before or after each of the five daily prayers.除了五个需要每天祈祷，穆斯林可以执行非强制性的祷告，其中有一些固定的礼仪形式和演出之前或之后每每日五次礼拜。 Others are performed at night, either individually or with other Muslims.别人都在夜间进行，不论是单独或与其他穆斯林。 These additional formal and informal prayers give expression to the primary function of prayer in Islam, which is personal communication with God for the purpose of maintaining the abiding presence of the divine in the personal lives of Muslims.这些额外的正规和非正规的祈祷，体现其主要功能祈祷伊斯兰教，这是人与人之间的沟通与神的，为了保持持久存在的神的，在个人生活的穆斯林。 The more formal aspects of prayer also serve to provide a disciplined rhythm that structures the day and fosters a sense of community and shared identity among Muslims.较正规方面的祷告，也提供一个有纪律的节奏结构的一天，并促进社区意识和共同的身份，其中穆斯林。
The Qur'an provides less-detailed information about the kinds of things that are subject to the zakat tax or the precise share of income or property that should be paid as zakat.古兰经规定欠详细资料，对这样的东西，是会受到该课税或确切收入中所占的份额或财产应支付天课。 These determinations are provided in the traditions of the prophet Muhammad and have been the subject of elaborate discussions among Muslim legal experts, or jurists.这些决定是在传统的先知穆罕默德，并一直受到详细讨论回教法律专家，或法学家。 For example, one-fortieth (2.5 percent) of the assets accumulated during the year (including gold, silver, and money) is payable at the end of the year, while one-tenth of the harvest of the land or date trees is payable at harvest time.举例来说，一个40 （ 2.5 ％ ）的资产积累在这一年（包括黄金，白银和金钱）的利息是在今年年底之前，而其中的十分之一收获的土地或树木的日期支付在收获时间。 Cattle, camels, and other domestic animals are subject to a more complex taxation system that depends on the animals in question, their age, the numbers involved, and whether they are freely grazing.牛，骆驼，并与国内其他动物都受到一个更复杂的税制，就看动物问题，他们的年龄，所涉及的人数，以及他们是否是自由放牧。 Traditional zakat laws do not cover trade, but commercial taxes have been imposed by various Muslim governments throughout history.传统课法律并不涵盖贸易，但商业税收已施加各种穆斯林政府，在整个历史。
According to various traditional interpretations, the fast introduces physical and spiritual discipline, serves to remind the rich of the misfortunes of the poor, and fosters, through this rigorous act of worship, a sense of solidarity and mutual care among Muslims of all social backgrounds. Thus Muslims usually engage in further acts of worship beyond the ordinary during Ramadan, such as voluntary night prayer, reading sections from the Qur'an, and paying voluntary charity to the poor.根据各项传统的诠释，风头介绍了身体和精神上的纪律，可以提醒丰富的贫苦大众雪上加霜，并促进，通过这种严格的行为崇拜，团结的意识和互相照顾穆斯林社会各方面的背景。 因此，穆斯林通常从事进一步的行为崇拜超出了普通斋月期间，如自愿昼夜祷告，阅读部分，从古兰经，并缴交志愿慈善机构向贫困者。 Muslims may even choose to wake before daybreak to eat a meal that will sustain them until sunset.穆斯林可能选择后，拂晓前，吃一顿饭会持续，直到日落。 After the fasting ends, the holiday of breaking the fast, 'id al-fitr, begins, lasting for three days.后禁食结束后，假期的突破速度快， '开斋节开始的，历时3天。 At any time of year fasting is also required as a compensation for various offenses and violations of the law.在一年中任何时间禁食，也需要作为赔偿各种犯罪和各种违法行为。 Many Muslims also perform voluntary fasts at various times of the year as acts of devotion and spiritual discipline.许多穆斯林也履行自愿斋戒在不同时期的一年，作为行为的献身精神和纪律。 However, such additional fasting is not required by Islamic law.但是，这种额外的禁食是没有此规定，伊斯兰法。
According to Islamic tradition, the Kaaba, also referred to as the House of God, was built at God's command by the prophet Ibrahim (Abraham of the Hebrew and Christian Bibles) and his son Ismail (Ishmael).按照伊斯兰教的传统文化中，天房，也被称为上帝的家，是建在神的指挥，由先知易卜拉欣（亚伯拉罕的希伯来和基督教的圣经， ）和他的儿子伊斯梅尔（伊斯梅尔） 。
The Qur'an provides detailed descriptions of various parts of the ritual, and it portrays many of these rituals as reenactments of the activities undertaken by Ibrahim and Ismail in the course of building the Kaaba.古兰经规定，详细说明各部分的仪式，它描绘了许多这些礼仪作为reenactments的活动，所易卜拉欣和伊斯梅尔在建设过程中天房。 Set into one corner of the Kaaba is the sacred Black Stone, which according to one Islamic tradition was given to Ibrahim by the angel Gabriel.集到一个角落里的天房，是神圣的黑石头，其中之一，据伊斯兰传统给予了易卜拉欣由天使加布里埃尔。 According to another Islamic tradition this stone was first set in place by Adam.据另一位伊斯兰传统，此石最初订到位亚当。
Once pilgrims arrive in Mecca, ritual purification is performed.一旦朝圣者抵达麦加，礼仪净化演出。 Many men shave their heads, and most men and women put on seamless white sheets.许多男人剃其头，而大部分男性和女性放在无缝的白色床单。 This simple and common dress symbolizes the equality of all Muslims before God, a status further reinforced by the prohibition of jewelry, perfumes, sexual intercourse, and hunting.这个简单的和共同的服饰，象征平等的所有穆斯林的上帝面前，一个地位进一步强化禁止珠宝，香水，性交，和狩猎。 After this ritual purification, Muslims circle the Kaaba seven times, run between al-Safa and al-Marwa, two hills overlooking the Kaaba, seven times, and perform several prayers and invocations.经过这次仪式纯化，穆斯林圈选天房7次之多，来往基地联合会和基地马尔瓦，两座山俯瞰天房， 7次会议，并履行几个祈祷和调用。 This ritual is a reenactment of the search by Hagar for water to give her son Ismail.这个仪式是一个重演的搜索hagar水，让她的儿子伊斯梅尔。
After these opening rituals, the hajj proper commences on the seventh day and continues for the next three days.经过上述开幕仪式，朝圣妥善于第七天，并继续为未来3天。 Again, it starts with the performance of ritual purification followed by a prayer at the Kaaba mosque.再次，它一开始的表现祭祀纯化后，有一个祷告，在天房的清真寺。 The pilgrims then assemble at Mina, a hill outside Mecca, where they spend the night.这些朝圣者聚集在米纳山上麦加外，他们在那里过夜。 The next morning they go to the nearby plain of Arafat, where they stand from noon to sunset and perform a series of prayers and rituals.第二天早上，他们到附近的平原阿拉法特，他们的立场，从中午到日落，并履行了一系列的祈祷和礼仪。 The pilgrims then head to Muzdalifa, a location halfway between Arafat and Mina, to spend the night.这些朝圣者的头脑去muzdalifa ，地点中途之间阿拉法特和米娜，在那里过夜。 The next morning, the pilgrims head back to Mina, on the way stopping at stone pillars symbolizing Satan, at which they throw seven pebbles.第二天早晨，香客头部返回米纳，并就未来路停在石柱，象征着撒旦，在他们投掷七卵石。
The final ritual is the slaughter of an animal (sheep, goat, cow, or camel).最后的仪式是屠宰的动物（绵羊，山羊，牛或骆驼） 。 This is a symbolic reenactment of God's command to Ibrahim to sacrifice his son Ismail, which Ibrahim and Ismail duly accepted and were about to execute when God allowed Ibrahim to slaughter a ram in place of his son. (In the Hebrew and Christian Bibles, Abraham is called to sacrifice his son Isaac rather than Ishmael.) Most of the meat of the slaughtered animals is to be distributed to poor Muslims.这是一个象征性重演上帝的命令易卜拉欣以牺牲他的儿子伊斯梅尔，易卜拉欣和伊斯梅尔正式接纳和即将执行时，上帝不允许易卜拉欣出栏一只公羊代替他的儿子。 （在希伯来和基督教的圣经，亚伯拉罕就是所谓的牺牲，他的儿子以撒，而不是伊斯梅尔） 。大部分的肉的屠宰动物的是，将分发给穷人的穆斯林。 The ritual sacrifice ends the hajj and starts the festival of the sacrifice, 'id al-adha. The festivals of breaking fast ( 'id al-fitr ) at the end of Ramadan and 'id al-adha are the two major Islamic festivals celebrated by Muslims all over the world.祭祀牺牲完朝觐，并启动节日的牺牲， '古尔邦节。节庆突破快速（开斋节 ） ，在斋月结束和'古尔邦节是两大伊斯兰节日庆祝穆斯林遍布世界各地。
During the pilgrimage most Muslims visit Medina, where the tomb of the Prophet is located, before returning to their homes. If the pilgrimage rituals are performed at any time of the year other than the designated time for hajj, the ritual is called umra. Although umra is considered a virtuous act, it does not absolve the person from the obligation of hajj.在朝觐的穆斯林大部分访问麦迪，如果墓的先知坐落，然后返回自己的家园， 如果朝圣仪式演出，在一年中的任何时间以外的指定时间，为朝觐，祭祀，是所谓umra虽然 umra被认为是一种良性行为，但它并不免除该人的义务朝觐。 Most pilgrims perform one or more umras before or after the hajj proper.大多数朝圣者表演一个或一个以上umras之前或之后朝觐正确的。
Many Muslims pilgrims also travel to Jerusalem, which is the third sacred city for Islam. Muslims believe Muhammad was carried to Jerusalem in a vision. 许多穆斯林朝圣者还前往耶路撒冷，这是第三个神圣市为伊斯兰教。穆斯林认为穆罕默德进行了耶路撒冷的一个梦想。 The Dome of the Rock houses the stone from which Muhammad is believed to have ascended to heaven and Allah in a night journey. 圆顶岩石房子石头从哪个穆罕默德据信已升天，并在阿拉夜之旅。 Some Muslims perform pilgrimages to the Dome of the Rock and to other shrines where revered religious figures are buried.一些穆斯林履行朝圣的圆顶岩石和其他圣地的地方尊崇的宗教人物被埋葬。 Some of these shrines are important primarily to the local populations, whereas others draw Muslims from distant regions.部分这些神社都是重要的，主要是当地居民，而另一些借鉴穆斯林从很远的地区。 There are no standard prescribed rituals for these pilgrimages nor are they treated as obligatory acts of worship.有没有标准明礼仪，为这些朝圣，也不是当作义不容辞的行为的崇拜。
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