The Marist Brothers are a Roman Catholic religious institute for Christian education, from elementary school through high school.圣母兄弟会是一个罗马天主教宗教研究所基督教教育，从小学，高中开始。 The school was founded in 1817 in Lavalla, France, by Marcellin Joseph Benedict Champagnat.学校创办于1817年，在lavalla ，法国，由marcellin约瑟夫笃champagnat 。 In 1863 the Marist Brothers institute received the approbation of the Holy See (the territory over which the pope exercises ecclesiastical jurisdiction). 1863年圣母兄弟研究所获得认同教廷（全港各处，其中教宗演习教会管辖） 。 In 1991 there were approximately 6,000 members, called brothers, of whom about 300 were in the United States.在1991年有大约6000名成员，所谓的兄弟，其中约300人在美国。 In addition to primary schools, the brothers conduct boarding schools and academies, industrial schools, and orphanages.除了小学，两兄弟进行寄宿学校和学院，工业学校，孤儿院等。 The Marist Brothers are not clerics, but are devoted solely to educational work throughout the world.圣母兄弟，是不是神职人员，而是专门教育工作，在整个世界。
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(Initials SM) （英文缩写SM ）的
A religious order of priests, so called on account of the special devotion they profess toward the Blessed Virgin.是一个宗教秩序的牧师，所谓对帐户的特别奉献，他们自称对圣方。
I. FOUNDATION (1816-1836)一基金会（ 1816年至1836年）
The first idea of a "Society of Mary" originated (1816) in Lyons, France, with a group of seminarians, who saw in the Restoration of 1815 an opportunity for religion, but the real founder was Jean-Claude-Marie Colin, the most retiring of the group.第一次提出的"社会玛利亚的"本源（ 1816 ）在法国里昂举行，与一群修道，他们看到在恢复1815年的一个机会，教，但真正的创始人是让-克劳德-玛丽科林，最卸任的组长。 He began, amid his pastoral cares, by drafting a tentative rule and founding at Cerdon, where he was pastor, the Sisters of the Holy Name of Mary; Marcellin Champagnat, another of the group, established at Lavalla the Little Brothers of Mary.他开始时，由于他的牧灵关怀，由起草暂定统治和建国在塞尔东，在那里他是牧师，修女的圣名玛利亚; marcellin champagnat ，另该集团成立于lavalla小兄弟的玛丽。 On account of the cold attitude assumed by the ecclesiastical authorities in Lyons, the foundation of the missionary priests' branch could not be made till Cerdon, Colin's parish, passed from the jurisdiction of Lyons to that of Belley.考虑到冷战的态度，假设由教会当局在里昂举行，该基金会的宣教士祭司分行无法作出直到塞尔东，科林的教区，从通过司法管辖权莱昂斯说的belley 。 Bishop Devie of the newly restored See of Belley authorized (1823) Colin and a few companions to resign their parochial duties and form into a missionary band for the rural districts.主教devie的新恢复见的belley授权（ 1823 ）科林和几个同伴辞职，其狭隘的职责，并形成为一个传教士带乡郊地区。 Their zeal and success in that arduous work moved the bishop to entrust them also with the conduct of his seminary, thus enlarging the scope of their work.他们的热情和成功在这艰苦的工作，提出主教委托他们还与进行他的修道院，从而扩大了他们的工作范围。 However, the fact that Bishop Devie wanted a diocesan institute only, and that Fr.然而，事实主教devie想要一个教区研究所只，并神父。 Colin was averse to such a limitation, came near placing the nascent order in jeopardy when Pope Gregory XVI, in quest of missionaries for Oceanica, by Brief of 29 April, 1836, approved definitively the "Priests of the Society of Mary" or Marist Fathers, as a religious institute with simple vows and under a superior general.科林是避免受到这种限制，来到附近放置新生的秩序受到威胁时，罗马教皇格雷戈里十六，在追求传教士oceanica ，进行了简短的1836年4月29日，批准确定的"祭司是社会的玛丽"或圣母父亲作为一个宗教研究所与简单的誓言，并根据上级一般。 The Little Brothers of Mary and the Sisters of the Holy Name of Mary, commonly called Marist Brothers and Marist Sisters, were reserved for separate institutes.小兄弟的玛利亚和修女的圣名玛利亚，俗称圣母兄弟和圣母修女，则预留给独立学院。 Father Colin was elected superior general on 24 Sept., 1836, on which day occurred the first Marist profession, Blessed Pierre Chanel (qv), Venerable Colin, and Venerable Champagnat being among the professed.父亲科林被选为优于一般于1836年9月24日，那一天发生的第一圣母界，有福皮埃尔夏奈尔（请参阅） ，历代柯林，和历代champagnat之一自称。
II.二。 DEVELOPMENT (1836-1910)发展（ 1836年至1910年）
From its definitive organization to the present date (1910) the Society of Mary, under four superiors general - JCM Colin (1836-54), J. Favre (1854-85), A. Martin (1885-1905), JC Raffin (1905-) - has developed along the various lines of its constitutions in and out of France.由，其最终的组织，以目前的日期（ 1910年） ，社会的圣母玛利亚，根据四个上司一般-j cm科林（ 1 836至1 854年） ，威廉斯f avre（ 1 854至1 885年） ，甲马丁（ 1 885年至1 905年） ，时三十分r affin（ 1905年-） -已发展遍布各行其宪法和带出法国。 In France it has done work in the mission field from many missionary residences established in various centres.在法国，它已做的工作，在任务方面，由许多传教士住宅，设于各中心。 When educational liberty was restored to French Catholics, it also entered the field of secondary, or college education, its methods being embodied in Montfat's "Théorie et pratique de l'education chrétienne" (Paris, 1880), and moreover assumed the direction of a few diocesan seminaries together with professorships in Catholic institutes for higher education.当教育人身自由就恢复了法国天主教徒，但也进入了外地的中学，或具有大专以上学历，其方法正体现在montfat的" théorie等实用德教育和基督教" （巴黎， 1880年） ，而且承担了方向，一数教区修院连同教授在天主教学院接受高等教育。 The French houses have also supplied men for the various missions undertaken abroad by the Society of Mary.法国的房子也提供了官兵的各项任务，开展国内外受到社会的玛丽。
Outside of France, the first field of labour offered the Marists (1836) was the Vicariate Apostolic of Western Oceanica, comprising New Zealand, the Friendly Islands, the Navigator Islands, the Gilbert and Marshall Islands, Fiji, New Caledonia, New Guinea, the Solomon and Caroline Islands.外面的法国，第一个领域的劳动人口提供了marists （ 1836年）是代牧区宗座西方oceanica ，包括新西兰，友好群岛，航海家群岛，吉尔伯特和马绍尔群岛，斐济，新喀里多尼亚，新几内亚，所罗门和加罗林群岛等。 Under the secular bishop, Dr. Pompallier, who took up his residence in New Zealand, the Marists successively occupied Wallis (1837), soon converted by Fr.根据世俗主教，博士pompallier ，谁接手他居住在新西兰， marists先后被占领的瓦利斯群岛（ 1837 ） ，即将改建神父。 Bataillon; Futuna (1837), the place of Blessed Pierre Chanel's martyrdom; Tonga (1842), turned by Fr. bataillon ;图纳（ 1837 ） ，地点有福皮埃尔夏奈尔的殉道;汤加（ 1842年） ，把由神父。 Chevron into a model Christian community; New Caledonia (1843), where Bishop Douarre, Pompallier's coadjutor, met untold difficulties and Brother Blaise was massacred; and, in spite of much Protestant opposition, Fiji (1844) and Samoa (1845).雪佛龙成模型基督教社区，新喀里多尼亚（ 1843 ） ，在那里主教douarre ， pompallier的教区助理下午在人民大会堂会见了深重的困难和弟弟布莱斯被屠杀; ，尽管许多新教反对，斐济（ 1844年）和萨摩亚（ 1845年） 。 The immense area of the vicariate, together with the presence at its head of a secular bishop, soon necessitated the creation of smaller districts under Marist bishops: Central Oceanica under Bishop Bataillon (1842), Melanesia and Micronesia under Bishop Epalle (1844), New Caledonia under Bishop Douarre (1847), Wellington (New Zealand) under Bishop Viard (1848), Bishop Pompallier retaining Auckland; the Navigator Islands (1851), long administered by the Vicar Apostolic of Central Oceanica; the Prefecture of Fiji (1863), etc. Of these, Melanesia and Micronesia had to be abandoned after the massacre of Bishop Epalle at Isabella Island and the sudden death of his successor, Bishop Colomb, the Solomon Islands alone reverting to the Marists in 1898.巨大的面积占代牧区，连同在场时，其头部的一个世俗的主教，有必要尽快建立规模较小的地区，根据圣母主教：中央oceanica下主教bataillon （ 1842年） ，美拉尼西亚和密克罗尼西亚下主教埃帕勒（ 1844年） ，新喀里多尼亚主教douarre （ 1847 ） ，威灵顿（纽西兰）根据主教viard （ 1848年） ，主教pompallier保留奥克兰;领航员群岛（ 1851年） ，长期由副主教使徒中央oceanica ;县内的斐济（ 1863年） ，等等这些，美拉尼西亚和密克罗尼西亚不得不放弃屠杀之后主教埃帕勒在伊莎贝拉岛和猝死的他的继任者，主教哥伦布，索罗门群岛，仅恢复到marists于1898年。 Those various missions have progressed steadily under the Marist Fathers who, beside their religious work, have largely contributed to make known the languages, fauna, and flora of the South Sea Islands (see Hervier, "Les missions Maristes en Océanie", Paris, 1902), and helped in their colonization (de Salinis, "Marins et Missionnaires", Paris, sd).这些不同的任务进展稳妥，根据圣母父亲，他们旁边的宗教工作，有极大的贡献，使已知的语言，动物，植物的南海群岛（见hervier ， "就业辅导组任务maristes恩océanie " ，巴黎， 1902 ） ，并帮助其殖民化（德salinis ， " marins等传教会" ，巴黎，职务） 。 The growth of New Zealand has been such as to call for a regular hierarchy, and the Marists were concentrated (1887) in the Archdiocese of Wellington and the Diocese of Christchurch, still governed by members of the order.生长新西兰一直等，以呼吁建立一个经常性的等级，并marists集中（ 1887年）在教区的惠灵顿和教区的克赖斯特彻奇，仍然受到大家的秩序。
In the British Isles, the Marist foundations began as early as 1850 at the request of Cardinal Wiseman, but have not grown beyond three colleges and five parishes.在英伦三岛，圣母基金会开始了，早在1850年时，应请求国的枢机智者，但并未超出3个学院和5个教区。 In the United States, the Society of Mary has taken a firmer hold.在美国，社会的玛丽已经采取了更加坚实的搁置。 From Louisiana, whither Archbishop Odin called them (1863) to take charge of a French parish and college, the Marists have passed into eleven states and even branched off into Mexico, and, although continuing to minister to a number of French speaking communities, they have not limited their action there, but gradually taken up, both in parishes and colleges, American work, their training houses being almost entirely recruited in this country and being located in Washington.来自路易斯安那州，着大主教奥丁呼吁他们（ 1863年） ，负责承担的一位法国教区和学院， marists过去了，到11个国家，甚至分支，进入墨西哥，而且，虽然继续部长向一些讲法语社区，但他们没有限制了他们的行动，但逐渐采取行动，不论是在各教区和学院，美国工作，他们的训练被房子几乎完全招募在这个国家和设在华盛顿。
III.三。 PRESENT STATE (1910)目前状态（ 1910 ）
The Society of Mary is now divided into six provinces: 2 in France, 1 in the British Isles, 1 in the United States 1 in New Zealand, and 1 in Oceanica.社会佑现分为6个省： 2 ，在法国， 1个在英伦三岛， 1个在美国， 1在新西兰， 1人在oceanica 。 The French provinces (Lyons and Paris) counted at the time of the Association Act (1901) 9 institutes for the training of aspirants or of young religious, 15 missionary residences with chapels, 9 colleges for secondary education, and three diocesan seminaries, with a total of 340 priests, 100 novices, and 34 lay-brothers.法国各省（里昂和巴黎）计数的时候，该协会法（ 1901 ） 9学院，为培养有志或宗教界青年， 15传教官邸与教堂， 9高校为中学教育，和三个教区修院，以共有340个祭司， 100生手， 34个停工兄弟。 The Association Act of 1901, by dissolving religious communities and confiscating their property, told heavily on these establishments: the training-houses had to be transferred to foreign parts (Belgium, Italy, and Spain); the diocesan seminaries were taken from the religious; the residences were confiscated and their inmates compelled either to go into exile or to live separately in rented quarters; the colleges alone survived in part by becoming diocesan establishments.该协会1901年法中，解散宗教团体，并没收他们的财产，告诉倚重这些场所：培训-房子已被移交给外国零件（比利时，意大利和西班牙） ;教区修院被带到来自宗教界;该公寓被没收，他们强迫犯人要么进入流亡或分开住在出租宿舍;学院单独存活，部分成为拔萃场所。 To the French provinces are attached in Germany, an apostolic seminary for the German Missions in Oceanica, and, in Italy and Spain, various chaplaincies and houses of retreat for the aged or the exiled fathers.以法语省份附设在德国，一个使徒修道院，为德国代表团在oceanica ，并在意大利和西班牙，各chaplaincies和房子的务虚会，为老人或流亡在外的父亲。 The Anglo-Irish province, erected in 1889, comprises 5 parishes (3 in London, 1 in Devonshire, and 1 in Yorkshire) and three colleges (1 in Dublin, 1 in Dundalk, and 1 in Middlesborough) with 46 priests, 8 novices, and 6 lay-brothers.盎格鲁-爱尔兰省，建于1889年，有5堂（ 3在伦敦， 1 devonshire ， 1人在约克郡） ，以及三个学院（ 1在都柏林， 1 dundalk ， 1人在middlesborough ） ， 46牧师， 8生手和6个停工兄弟。
The New Zealand province, erected in 1889, comprises, in the Archdiocese of Wellington and the Diocese of Christchurch, 1 novitiate-scholasticate, 1 second novitiate, 1 college, 20 parishes among the whites, 6 missions among the Maoris and one missionary band, with 1 archbishop, 1 bishop, 70 priests, 17 novices, 15 lay-brothers, ministering to a Catholic population of about 30,000.新西兰省，建于1889年，包括中，在教区的惠灵顿和教区的基督城， 1 novitiate - scholasticate ，一秒novitiate ， 1个学院， 20个教区中的白人， 6个特派团之间的毛利族和一名传教士乐队， 1大主教， 1主教， 70牧师， 17个生手， 15停工兄弟，服事，以天主教人口约30000 。 The Province of Oceanica, erected in 1898, comprises, besides a procurator house at Sydney and three missions in Australia, five vicariates (Central Oceanica with 15 stations; the Navigator Islands or Samoa with 15 stations; New Caledonia with 36 stations; Fiji with 17 stations; New Hebrides with 22 stations) and two prefectures (the Southern Solomon Islands with 8 stations and the Northern Solomon Islands with 5 stations).省oceanica ，建于1898年组成，除检察长府在悉尼和三项使命，在澳大利亚， 5 vicariates （中央oceanica与15个车站;领航员群岛和萨摩亚，与15个车站;新喀里多尼亚36个车站;斐济17监测站;新赫布里底与22站）和两个县（南所罗门群岛8个车站和北所罗门群岛与5站） 。 It counts: 5 vicars Apostolic, 2 prefects Apostolic, 200 priests, 25 lay-brothers (all Marists), assisted by 115 Little Brothers of Mary, 566 native catechists, and a large number of sisters, both European and native, of the Third Order Regular of Mary and of Our Lady of the Missions, founded by the Marists.它计数： 5 vicars使徒，省长2使徒， 200名司铎， 25停工兄弟（均marists ） ，由115个小兄弟的玛丽， 5660本土讲授，以及大量的姐妹，无论是欧洲和本土的第三为了定期玛利亚和圣母的各项任务，成立由marists 。 The Catholic population is about 41,885.天主教人口约41885 。 The province of the United States, erected in 1889, comprises two training houses in Washington, District of Columbia, 4 colleges (Jefferson College, Louisiana; All Hallows' College, Utah; St. Mary's College, Maine; Marist College, Georgia), 18 parishes in various states, and missions in West Virginia and Idaho.该省的美国，竖立于1889年，设有两个培训房子在华盛顿哥伦比亚区， 4学院（杰弗逊大学，路易斯安那州;所有hallows学院，犹他州;圣玛丽学院，缅因;圣母大学，格鲁吉亚） ， 18岁的教区在各个国家和使命，在西弗吉尼亚州和爱达荷州。 Its membership consists of 1 archbishop, 105 priests, 75 novices, and 5 lay-brothers.委员会的成员包括1大主教，已有105个牧师， 75个生手， 5裁员兄弟。 There are about 600 boys in the colleges and 70,000 Catholics in the parishes and missions.有大约600名男孩在高校和70000个天主教徒，在各教区和使命。 From this province has been detached (1905) the Vice-province of Mexico which counts 26 priests working in 1 college with 350 pupils and 6 parishes with a large number of parishioners, French, American, German, and Mexican.从这个省已超脱（ 1905 ）副省墨西哥罪状，其中26祭司工作，在一高校350名学生和6教区与大批教友，法国，美国，德国，墨西哥。
IV.四。 RULE法治
According to their constitutions, approved by papal Decree of 8 March, 1873, the Marists profess, besides the three simple and perpetual vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience, common to all similar institutes, a spirit of special devotion to Mary, absolute loyalty to the Holy See, reverence for the hierarchy, and the love of the hidden life, conformably to their motto: Ignoti et quasi occulti in hoc mundo (see G. Goyau, "Le rôle de l'humilité dans la fondation d'un Ordre", Paris, 1910).根据其宪法，法律，批准了由教皇颁布的1873年3月8日， marists声言，除了3个简单的和永久的誓言贫穷，贞洁，服从，共同向所有类似的研究机构，一个精神的特殊奉献给圣母玛利亚，绝对忠诚向罗马教廷，崇敬等级，以及爱的隐性生活， conformably他们的座右铭： ignoti等准奥库尔蒂在特设世界报（见g. goyau ， "乐rôle德l' humilité dans香格里拉基金会-联合国公共秩序" ，巴黎， 1910年） 。 The work of the order includes missions, both domestic and foreign; colleges for the education of youth, and, in a less degree, seminaries for the training of clerics.工作的议事程序，包括代表团成员，来自国内和国外的;学院，为教育青年，并在较低的程度，神学院，为培养神职人员。 Its members are either priests or lay-brothers.其成员都是牧师或停工的兄弟。 The candidates for the priesthood are prepared, once their classical course is over, by one year of novitiate, two years of philosophy, four years of theology, additional opportunities being given to those especially gifted.候选人神职人员准备，一旦他们的经典课程结束后，通过一年的novitiate ，两年的哲学，四年的神学，更多的机会，正考虑将那些特别有天分的儿童。 After ten years of profession and after the age of thirty-five, the priests are allowed to take the vow of stability, which renders them eligible for the chapters and the high offices of the society.经过10年的专业和以后的年龄35 ，司铎获准参加宣誓的稳定性，这使他们有资格章和高级职务的社会。 The lay-brothers after a long probation take the same vows as the priests, and devote themselves to the care of temporalities.该停工的兄弟经过漫长的试用期采取同样的誓言，作为牧师，并投身护理temporalities 。 Its government is in the hands of general officers and of chapters.其政府是在政府手中，一般人员和章节。 The general officers, whose official residence is in Rome, are the superior general, his four assistants, the general procurator, the procurator apud Sanctam Sedem, all elected by the chapter general - the first for life, the others till the following chapter.总务人员，其官邸是在罗马，是优于一般，他的4名助手，一般检察长，检察apud sanctam七种，全部由民选产生的第一章一般-第一生命，他人到以下的篇章。 The provincial and local superiors are appointed by the superior general and his counsel.省级和地方上级任命的，由上级干事和他的律师。 The general chapters, wherein all the provinces are represented in proportion to their membership, meet regularly every seven years, and, besides electing the general officers, issue statutes for the good of the whole order.一般章节，其中，所有的省份都有代表比例，以自己的成员，定期召开会议，每7年，而且，除选出总干事，发行章程，为良好的整体秩序。 Provincial chapters are convened every three years for the purpose of electing representatives to the chapters general, auditing the finances, and ensuring the discipline of each province.省分会召开会议，每3年为选举代表的章节一般，以审计财政，并确保纪律，每一个省。 As the general statutes take effect only after due approbation by the Holy See, so the provincial statutes are in vigour only when and as approved by the superior council.作为总章程生效后，才因赞许，由罗马教廷，所以省级法规，在魄力，只有当，并经上级局。 By Apostolic Brief of 8 Sept., 1850, a Third Order of Mary for persons living in the world was canonically established and has a large membership wherever the Marists are found.由宗座简短的1850年9月8日，第三次为了玛利亚的人生活在世界上是canonically成立，并已大批会员到哪里marists被发现。
Publication information Written by JF Sollier.出版信息书面由JF sollier 。 Transcribed by Douglas J. Potter.转录由道格拉斯j.波特。 Dedicated to the Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume IX.专为无玷圣心之圣母玛利亚天主教百科全书，体积九。 Published 1910. 1910年出版。 New York: Robert Appleton Company.纽约：罗伯特Appleton还公司。 Nihil Obstat, October 1, 1910. nihil obstat ， 1910年10月1日。 Remy Lafort, Censor.人头马lafort ，检查员。 Imprimatur. imprimatur 。 +John M. Farley, Archbishop of New York +约翰米farley ，大主教纽约
Bibliography参考书目
Constitutiones SM (Lyons, 1873); Statuta Capitulorum Generalium SM (Lyons, 1907); Esprit de la Société de Marie (Paris, 1905); Life of Venerable Fr. constitutiones钐（里昂， 1873年） ; statuta capitulorum generalium钐（里昂， 1907年） ;团队精神香格里拉协会德玛丽（巴黎， 1905年） ;生活中的老神父。 Colin (St. Louis, 1909); La Société de Marie in Recrutement Sacerdotal (Paris, 1906-7); Chroniques et annales de la Société de Marie (Luçon, 1903-; Roulers, 1908-); BAUNARD, Un siècle de l'Eglise de France (Paris, 1902), 49.科林（圣路易斯， 1909年） ;香格里拉协会德玛丽在recrutement sacerdotal （巴黎， 1906-7 ） ; chroniques等年鉴德香格里拉协会德玛丽（ luçon ， 1903 -;鲁莱斯， 1 908年- ）;博纳尔，联合国世纪德升' eglise的法国（巴黎， 1902年） ， 49 。 For the Missions: AUBRY, Missions of the Society of Mary in Annals of the Propagation of the Faith (Baltimore, 1905); HERVIER, Les Missions Maristes en Océanie (Paris, 1902); MAYET, Mgr Douarre .为任务： Aubry先生，使命，社会的玛丽在史册繁殖的信仰（巴尔的摩， 1905年） ; hervier ，就业辅导组任务maristes恩océanie （巴黎， 1902年） ; mayet主教douarre 。 . 。 . 。 en Nouvelle-Calédonie (Lyons, 1884); MANGERET, Mgr Bataillon (Lyons, 1884); MONFAT, Mgr.恩新喀里多尼亚（里昂， 1884年） ;芒热雷主教bataillon （里昂， 1884年） ; monfat主教。 Elloy . elloy 。 . 。 . 。 en Océanie centrale (Lyons, 1890); IDEM, Les Samoa (Lyons, 1891); IDEM, Dix ans en Mélanésie (Lyons, 1891); IDEM, Les Tonga (Lyons, 1893).恩océanie中部（里昂， 1890年） ;同上，就业辅导组萨摩亚（里昂， 1891年） ;同上，迪克斯答恩mélanésie （里昂， 1891年） ;同上，就业辅导组汤加（里昂， 1893年） 。 See also Lettres des Missionnaires SM and Annales des Missions SM (Lyons).也见lettres万传教SM及年鉴万使命钐（里昂） 。 For English speaking countries: MANGERET, Les origines de la foi Catholique en Nouvelle-Zélande (Lyons, 1892); La Société de Marie en Amérique (Montreal, 1907); MACCAFFREY, History of the Catholic Church in the Nineteenth Century (2 vols., Dublin, 1909), passim; Tablet (London) and Tablet (New Zealand), passim.对于以英语为母语的国家：芒热雷，就业辅导组origines德香格里拉公布于天主教恩nouvelle - zélande （里昂， 1892年） ;香格里拉协会德玛丽恩amérique （蒙特利尔， 1907年） ; maccaffrey ，历史的天主教教会在十九世纪（ 2卷。 ，都柏林， 1909年） ，各处;片剂（伦敦）和片剂（新西兰） ，各处。
Monasticism
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Major
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Holy
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